Cisco Global Cloud Index Supplement: Cloud Readiness Regional Details White Paper Cisco Public
Cisco Global Cloud Index Supplement: Cloud Readiness Regional Details
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Global Cloud Index Supplement: Cloud Readiness Regional Details White Paper Cisco Public
What You Will Learn
The Cisco® Global Cloud Index is an ongoing effort to forecast the growth of global data center and cloud-based IP traffic. The study also includes a “Cloud Readiness” analysis that investigates the ability of each global region (Asia Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, North America, and Western Europe) to support a sample set of basic, intermediate, and advanced business and consumer cloud applications. Each region’s cloud readiness is assessed with relation to the sample services based on download and upload fixed and mobile network speeds as well as associated network latencies. This supplement provides additional countrylevel data that contributes to the infrastructural and end-user preparedness for cloud computing adoption within each respective region. These collective results represent the basis for each region’s network performance averages (speeds and latencies). Please refer to the Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020 for complete research findings and projections. Country-Level Details of Regional Cloud Readiness The Cloud Readiness portion of the Cisco Global Cloud Index includes more than 300 million records from Ookla1, along with inputs from the Data Meter application, Ovum/Informa, Point Topic, Synergy research, NetCraft, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), World Bank, International Labor Organization, and the United Nations (UN). The network performance data gathered represents over 200 countries around the world, covering a span of 2 years. The regional averages presented in the Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020 are based on the detailed analysis of these speed tests. To understand cloud readiness further, we look at numerous factors that influence end-user behaviors and Internet access. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the adoption of cloud computing, and make some countries and regions more cloud-ready than others. In this paper, we examine a few, namely demographic and economic factors such as the role of the members of Generation (Gen) Y, percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita spend on fixed Internet, electricity production, and kilowatt-hours (kWh) per capita. Percentage of households with a computer,
mobile subscriptions per household, percentage of fiber subscribers to all fixed broadband subscribers, percentage of fourth-generation (4G) subscriptions compared to all mobile subscriptions, the percentage of secure Internet servers to all webfacing servers, and fixed and mobile broadband speeds are then examined as key factors of network readiness for cloud computing.
Demographic Cloud Adoption Factor: Gen Y
By 2020, 62% of organizations in a recent survey say they will be running 100% of their information technology in the cloud. But younger startup companies are already close to that point.2 Technology, and specifically the cloud, will play an important role in satisfying the highly connected members of Generation Y (born: 1977–1994) who don’t want to be constrained by a limited suite of corporate and consumer applications and gadgets. It comes as no surprise that 60 percent of employees will be provisioned from the cloud by 2020, up from just 15 percent today.3 By 2020, 50 percent of the workforce will be Generation Y and Z (born: 1995–2012) members—and they have grown up in a highly connected, collaborative, and mobile environment. Figure 1 shows details about the percentage of Gen Y members within the global population in 2015.4
1
Measured by Speedtest.net, small binary files are downloaded and uploaded between the web server and the client to estimate the connection speed in kbps.
2
https://www.bettercloud.com/monitor/cloud-office-systems-adoption/
3
www.channelnomics.com/channelnomics-us/news/2424142/saas-adoption-boosts-enterprise-software-fortunes
4
www.lifehealthpro.com/2015/01/07/in-5-years-millennials-will-make-up-50-of-the-work
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Figure 1. Percentage of Gen Y to Total Population by Country; Bubble Size Denotes Population
Brazil 34%
Germany 26%
Spain
Nigeria 33%
Iraq
Mexico 44%
India 35%
Japan 24%
Philippines Korea
Iran 39%
Nepal
Italy 25%
Peru
France 29%
Turkey 42%
Bangladesh 37% Russia 29%
Ethiopia 35%
Egypt 35%
China 31%
Indonesia 24%
Thailand 28% Vietnam 35%
Cisco Region Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe
US 27% Pakistan 38%
Kenya South UK 26%
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, International Labor Organization, United Nations
Economic Cloud Adoption Factor: Percentage of GDP per Capita Spend on Fixed Internet Affordability of fixed broadband is an important accelerator for cloud adoption and country digitization. Fixed broadband spend is the price of the monthly subscription to an entry-level fixed broadband plan. For comparability reasons, the fixed broadband spend is based on a monthly usage of a minimum of 1 Gigabyte (GB). For plans that limit the monthly amount of data transferred by including caps below 1 GB, the cost for additional bytes is
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
added to the sub-basket. Figure 2 represents fixed Internet spend and GDP per capita from the latest world development indicators from 2013 by the World Bank. In emerging markets, countries are devising ways to bridge the gap by either improving fixed infrastructure and offerings or leapfrogging fixed networks by deploying ubiquitous mobile technologies that offer Internet and as a result cloud services.
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Figure 2. Percentage of GDP per Capita Spend on Fixed Internet; Bubble Size Represents Percentage of Each Country’s GDP Spend on Fixed Internet Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe Mali 80% Togo 85%
Rwanda 572%
Zambia
Burkina Faso
Kenya
Ethiopia Iraq Haiti 66%
Malawi 290%
Burundi 202%
Madagascar 150%
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, World Bank World Development Indicators, International Monetary Fund
Economic Cloud Adoption Factor: Electricity Production, kWh per Capita Data centers are the backbone of the modern economy and cloud adoption. However, the explosion of digital content, big data, e-commerce, and Internet traffic is also making data centers one of the fastest-growing consumers of electricity. Total data center electricity usage in the U.S., which includes powering servers, storage, networking and the infrastructure to support it, was at 70 billion kWh (kilowatt hours) in 2014. Based on current trends, data centers are expected to consume approximately 73 billion kWh in 2020, becoming nearly flat over the next four years. Increase in 5
server efficiency is resulting in reduced server growth rate, better utilization due to virtualization, and a shift to cloud computing. This includes concentration of workloads in “hyperscale” data centers, defined as 400,000 square feet in size and above. Energy use by data centers may also decline if more work is shifted to hyperscale centers.5 Figure 3 is based on the latest available data from the World Bank.
http://www.computerworld.com/article/3089073/data-center/cloud-computing-slows-energy-demand-us-says.html
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Figure 3. Electric Power Consumption (kWh per Capita); Bubble Size Denotes kWh per Capita Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe
Qatar 16,183
Finland 15,687
Latin America
Italy
Middle East and Africa
Austria
Western Europe
Malta
Bahrain 17,395
Kuwait 15,722
North America
Israel
Russia
France
Australia 10,398
Sweden 14,290 United Arab Chile
Belgium
Oman
Norway 23,658
United States
Canada 15,615 Spain Iceland 53,203
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators
Network Cloud Adoption Factor: Percentage of Households with a Computer Personal Computer (PC) usage in households has led to the wide adoption of the Internet, and is an important accelerator in the adoption of cloud services. While social networking, file sharing, and web browsing applications have paved the way, video streaming with the DVR, cloud storage, home automation, and controls among others will lead the next wave of the adoption of cloud services. Figure 4 shows the relative percentage of households with a PC based on the most recent World Bank Indicators report.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Cisco Global Cloud Index Supplement: Cloud Readiness Regional Details White Paper Cisco Public
Figure 4. Percentage of Households with a PC; Size of the rectangle also depicts the value as a percentage of the total country households Iceland 97%
Sweden 92%
Netherlands 95%
Germany 89%
Ireland 84%
Belgium 82%
France 82%
Austria 81%
Malta 80%
Monaco 74%
Luxembourg 94%
Finland 89%
Norway 93%
United Kingdom 88%
Spain 73%
Denmark 93%
Switzerland 87%
Italy 71%
Slovakia 80%
Estonia 79%
Slovenia 76%
Poland 75%
Czech Republic 74%
Cyprus 70%
Portugal 67%
Latvia 72%
Russia 70%
Turkey 53%
Bulgaria 55%
Moldova 50%
Montenegro 53%
Armenia 49%
United Arab Emirates 87%
Oman 83%
Aruba 73%
Kuwait 82%
Israel 81%
Lebanon 78%
Saudi Arabia 73%
Trinidad and Tobago 62%
Kazakstan 63%
Mauritius 49%
Serbia 63%
Morocco 46%
Hungary 73% Belarus 55%
Bahrain 94%
Jordan 50%
Greece 60%
Croatia 66%
Qatar 97%
Ukraine 47%
Syrian Arab
Iran 46%
Tunisia 28% Algeria Gabon Kenya
Iraq
Brunei Darussalam 91%
Japan 82%
Singapore 87%
Hong Kong 82%
Australia 84%
Macau 82%
Costa Rica 51% Brazil 49%
Bolivia 33%
Belize 30%
Peru 32%
EI
Venezuela 41%
Paraguay 32%
Panama 39%
Jamaica 31%
South Korea 81%
New Zealand 77%
Malaysia 65%
Chile 57%
Puerto Rico 60%
Colombia 42%
Bosnia and Georgia 40%
Egypt 43%
Saint Uruguay Vincent 66% and the
Maldives 63%
China 44%
Mongolia 33%
Canada 86%
Sri United States 80%
New Caledonia Thailand 29%
Fiji 34%
India
Region Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, 2015
Network Cloud Adoption Factor: Mobile Subscriptions per Household Although mobile phone usage is nearly ubiquitous in most regions, smartphone and tablet use in emerging countries and regions with widespread rural populations and vast terrains is the next level of mobility that will advance cloud services adoption. Figure 5 depicts the overall mobile subscriptions per household in 2016. Size of the rectangles depict the total number of mobile subscriptions in each country.
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Figure 5. Mobile Subscriptions per Household. Size of the heatmap rectangle indicates the number of mobile subscribers per country
Russia 5
India 4
China 3
Turkey 4
Ukraine 3 Poland 4
Pakistan 5
Iran 7 Indonesia 6
Japan 3
Bangladesh 4
Philippines 7
Vietnam 5
Thailand 6
Brazil 4
Argentina 5
Peru 5
Colombia 5
Ecuador
South Africa 7
Mali 10
Mexico 5
Ethiopia 3
Chile 5
Bolivia US 3
UAE Senegal Benin
Korea 3 Germany 3
Italy 3
UK 3
France 3
Spain 3
Malaysia 7 Australia 4 Taiwan
Canada 2
Region Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ovum/Informa
Network Cloud Adoption Factor: Percentage Fiber Subscribers to All Fixed Broadband Subscribers An important accelerator to advanced cloud applications such as telemedicine, ultra-high-definition (UHD) video streaming, and virtual offices (as well as other high-end services) is higher fixed broadband quality. The ongoing deployments of residential fiber infrastructures provides the basis for enhanced fixed network performance. Higher broadband speeds and lower latencies enable optimum user experiences. Figure 6 shows the percentage of fiber to all fixed broadband subscribers in 2016.
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Figure 6. Percentage of Fiber Subscribers to All Fixed Internet Subscribers. Size of the heatmap rectangle indicates the number of fixed Internet Subscribers per Country China 69%
US 11%
Germany 2%
France 9%
Italy 5%
Portugal 21%
Spain 24%
Sweden 50%
Canada 7% Russia 52% Japan 74%
India 1%
Thailand 12%
Turkey 19%
Brazil 6%
Mexico 3%
Norway Finland Iran 0%
Taiwan 55% Saudi
South Korea 69%
Australia 8% Vietnam 35%
Hong Kong
Poland 2%
Romania 4%
Ukraine 17%
Czech Republic
Argentina 1%
Colombia 2%
Chile
Region Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Point Topic, Ovum/Informa
Network Cloud Adoption Factor: Percentage of 4G Subscriptions Compared to All Mobile Subscriptions As 4G deployments become more pervasive, connectivity will no longer be the weakest link to cloud adoption. The widespread availability and adoption of 4G will lead to the usage of cloud-based applications almost anywhere, anytime from a user’s chosen mobile device. Figure 7 shows the percentage of 4G subscriptions compared to all mobile subscriptions in 2016. The total number of mobile subscribers is depicted by the size of the rectangle.
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Cisco Global Cloud Index Supplement: Cloud Readiness Regional Details White Paper Cisco Public
Figure 7. Percentage of 4G Subscriptions to All Mobile Subscriptions. Size of the heatmap rectangle represents the percentage of 4G subscriptions per total mobile subscriptions Norway 51%
Monaco 44%
Sweden 51%
Netherlands 42%
United Kingdom 49%
Iceland 42%
Ireland 37%
France 36%
Belgium 29%
South Korea 78%
Japan 63%
Australia 58%
Germany 33%
Potugal 29%
Spain 37%
Denmark 28%
Hong Kong 57%
Taiwan 49%
New Zealand 39%
Singapore 56% Malaysia 26% China 54%
Kazakhstan 18%
Thailand 12% Fiji 12%
Cayman Islands 28%
Chile 26%
Qatar 45%
United Arab Emirates 44%
kuwait 40%
Saudi Arabia 35%
Oman 34%
Bahrain 29%
Israel 19%
Iran 13%
Turkey 19%
Jordan 9%
Brazil 21%
Peru 17%
Greece 15%
Austria Isle of Man 14% 16%
Uruguay 32%
Puerto Rico 25%
Italy 22%
Malta 21% Switzerland 48%
Finland 34%
Jersey Guam 32%
United States Virgin Bolivia Islands 12% Aruba Paraguay 14% 11% Colombia 14% Slovenia 37%
Estonia 33%
Croatia 28%
Lithuania Latvia 26% 21%
Hungary 17%
US 62%
Slovakia 17% Russia 15%
Canada 67%
Albania
Region Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ovum/Informa
Network Cloud Adoption Factor: Secure Internet Servers With more secure Internet servers, service providers, data center operators, and large enterprises are able to establish a larger footprint for security and authentication, and more reliably serve end users with secure transactions and communications. The percentage of secure Internet servers that conduct encrypted transactions over the Internet using a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) in 2015 to the total number of web-facing servers is shown in Figure 8. In the past year, North America and Western Europe led with the number of secure Internet servers compared to all web facing servers.
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Figure 8. Percentage of Secure Internet Servers to Total Web-Facing Internet Servers by Region and change from 2014 to 2015
Western Europe 51%
+1% YoY
Asia Pacific 24% North America 28%
+1% YoY
+1% YoY
MEA 12%
+2% YoY
Central and Eastern Europe 34%
+5% YoY
Latin America 14%
+1% YoY
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Synergy Research, NetCraft, United Nations World Development Indicators
Network Readiness: Download Speed, Upload Speed, and Latency Cloud computing architectures have made it feasible to run hardware components, operating systems, libraries, and third-party software effectively as virtual machines and containers. Today, data centers contain many thousands of interconnected computers as part of cloud platforms, which can simultaneously host a large number of applications and services for consumer and enterprise users. Applications such as video conferencing, telemedicine, connected vehicle safety applications, and others have high requirements of download and upload speeds in Mbps and stringent requirements of latency in ms. Download speeds in megabits per second (Mbps), upload speeds in Mbps, and latency in milliseconds (ms) were given equal weights in calibrating each country’s network performance. The study has traditionally focused on average or mean download, upload, and latency characteristics. Median download speed in Mbps , median upload speed in Mbps , and the median latency in ms are reported in the study to understand the variability of speeds experienced by the end users within each country. In most countries, median speeds are lower than mean and average speeds because of the higher occurrence of lower speeds in the © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
lower 50th percentile, compared to the longer tail of distribution of the higher speeds. The median of a set of numbers is the midpoint, where half the numbers are lower and half the numbers are higher. The average of a set of numbers is the total of those numbers divided by the number of items in that set. In analyzing broadband speeds and latencies in more than 200 countries, individual countries may have slightly or significantly higher or lower averages compared to their regional averages for download speed, upload speed, and network latency. In some cases, individual countries did not have enough test results to warrant inclusion in a particular network metric category (for example, fixed or mobile download or upload speed). For normalization and to prevent skewing of the data, we have applied the 5th to 95th percentile methodology to our study (the top 5 percent and bottom 5 percent of results in fixed and mobile performance categories by country are excluded). The download speeds, upload speeds, and latencies were given an equal weightage resulting performance indicator for each country, as seen by the size of the bubbles in Figures 9 and 10. Please refer to the Cisco Cloud Readiness Tool for additional countries and speeds and latency figures. 10
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Figure 9. Fixed Cloud Readiness, 2016. Size of the bubble is based on a formulaic factor where download and upload speeds, and latency are given equal weights for each country and are normalized and ranked
Ireland
Germany
France
Iceland
Spain Peru
Finland Turkey
Kuwait Switzerland
Romania
Slovenia
Kazakstan
Poland
Slovakia
Puerto Rico
Jordan
Belgium Israel
Ukraine Austria
Taiwan
Belarus
Denmark
Russian Federation
Moldova
Macau
Trinidad and Norway
Mexico
Iraq
Armenia
Lao
Albania
Cambodia Hong Kong
Vietnam
Serbia
New Zealand
India
Australia Guam
Mongolia
Georgia
Bahamas
Oman
China
Italy Singapore
Fiji
Luxembourg
Brunei
Aruba Thailand
Qatar Korea
Iran Portugal
Latvia
Nepal
Lithuania
Hungary Czech Republic
Estonia Sweden
Japan
Croatia
U.S Virgin
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Uruguay
Brazil Chile
United Kingdom
United States
Mauritius
Netherlands Malta
Canada
Isle of Man Cyprus
United Arab Emirates
Region Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ookla Speedtest.net/Ziff Davis
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Figure 10. Mobile Cloud Readiness, 2016. Size of the bubble is based on a formulaic factor where download and upload speeds, and latency are given equal weights for each country and are normalized and ranked
Belgium
United Kingdom
Qatar Bahrain
Malta Oman Ireland
United Arab Emirates
Turkey
Ukraine
Colombia
Slovakia
Kuwait Serbia Greece
Iran
Malaysia
Lithuania Netherlands
Puerto Rico
Jordan
Honduras
Latvia
New Zealand
Brazil
Georgia
Japan Croatia
Hong Kong India
Singapore
Tunisia
Kenya
Portugal
Chile Iraq
Albania Bulgaria
Norway
Guam
Australia
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
United States
Mexico
Maldives
China
Lao Korea
Nicaragua
Germany
Macau
Thailand
Trinidad and
Peru Hungary
Russian
Egypt
Cyprus
Panama
Estonia
Belarus
Ghana Italy
Canada
Slovenia
Taiwan
Denmark
Israel Ecuador
Finland
Moldova Montenegro Poland
Uruguay Sweden
Morocco
Romania Spain
Bolivia
France
Lebanon
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Austria Switzerland
Region Asia Pacific Central and Eastern Europe Latin America Middle East and Africa North America Western Europe
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ookla Speedtest.net/Ziff Davis
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Top Performers Tables 1 and 2 highlight the countries with the top fixed and mobile network performance in 2016. Nine out of 10 countries are in both the fixed and mobile network top-performer categories. Table 1.
Countries with Leading Fixed Network Performance (Top 10) in 2016 (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
Country
Average Download (Mbps)
Average Upload (Mbps)
Average Latency (ms)
Hong Kong
98
100
28
Iceland
53
46
15
Japan
67
58
33
Korea
60
53
21
Latvia
41
39
18
Lithuania
38
36
19
Luxembourg
96
64
20
Romania
65
47
22
Singapore
97
96
19
Taiwan
49
21
17
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ookla Speedtest.net/Ziff Davis Table 2.
Countries with Leading Mobile Network Performance (Top 10) in 2015 (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
Country
Average Download (Mbps)
Average Upload (Mbps)
Average Latency (ms)
Australia
28
12
43
Denmark
25
13
36
Hungary
31
13
42
Korea
31
14
68
Lithuania
24
12
38
Malta
28
7
31
Netherlands
30
13
64
Norway
29
12
40
Romania
29
18
53
Singapore
38
22
58
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ookla Speedtest.net/Ziff Davis
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Most Improved
Individual Country Speed Test Analysis
Tables 3 and 4 provide details about the countries with the most improved fixed and mobile network performance from 2015 to 2016.
Six countries from six regions were used to display the variation of download speeds within a country in 2016, as shown in Figures 11 through 16. No specific criteria were used in the selection of a country; selection was random. More frequent occurrences of lower speeds experienced by the end user result in suboptimal experience in usage of cloud applications available to them. Alternatively, users may choose to use a basic or smaller set of applications.
Table 3. Countries with the Most Improved Fixed Network Performance from 2015 to 2016 (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
Country
Improvement (Y/Y)
Dominican Republic
151%
Guatemala
217%
Indonesia
109%
Jordan
97%
Myanmar
173%
Pakistan
97%
Paraguay
102%
Serbia
96%
Spain
100%
Trinidad and Tobago
181%
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ookla Speedtest. net/Ziff Davis Table 4. Countries with the Most Improved Mobile Network Performance from 2015 to 2016 (Listed in Alphabetical Order)
Country
Improvement (Y/Y)
Albania
200%
Egypt
170%
Guatemala
228%
Honduras
231%
Jordan
237%
Morocco
240%
Nicaragua
383%
Oman
294%
Pakistan
170%
Venezuela
244%
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index 2016, Ookla Speedtest. net/Ziff Davis
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
The mean speeds in Mbps in the following figures represent the overall average of the speed tests within each country. The median represents the midpoint of the speed tests. Large variations between the mean and the median represent a skew in the distribution of speeds. Some countries also display various peaks in download speeds, which show the experienced speeds due to the variety of tiered offerings by providers. Also depicted in the figures is the concurrent usage of three sample cloud applications representing basic (Text and IM), intermediate (Augmented Reality (AR) gaming), and advanced (Virtual Reality (VR) streaming) requirements.
North America Speed Test Distribution Country Spotlight: United States
Figure 11 depicts the distribution of download speed tests around the mean/average or median. In 2016, there were more frequent occurrences of lower download speeds of 5 to 17 Mbps. Besides the 10th through 40th percentile, in 2016 the speed test results also have a higher occurrence between the 70th and 80th percentile, showing a remarkable growth in experienced download speeds. The difference between the mean (the average) and the median speeds is 12 Mbps. A large majority of the users are able to experience the concurrent usage of sample applications optimally.
Latin America Speed Test Distribution Country Spotlight: Mexico Figure 12 depicts the distribution of download speed tests around the mean/average and the median in Mexico. The majority of the speeds are between 2 and 7 Mbps (10th and 50th percentiles), and there are fewer speed test records around the 80th to 90th percentile range, which is 13 to 22.5 Mbps. There is a wider distribution of higher speeds beyond the 70th percentile. The difference between the mean (average) and the median speeds is 3.5 Mbps. A good majority of the users are able to experience the concurrent usage of sample applications optimally.
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Figure 11. Download Speed Distribution Curve: United States
Millions
No. of Speed Tests
10th 20th 30th 40th 50th 60th
70th
80th
90th
3 Median 24.1 Mbps
2.5
Mean 36.1 Mbps
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0
10
Text and IM
20
30
40
50
60
70
Augmented Reality Gaming
80
90
100
110
Virtual Reality Streaming
120
130
140
150
160
Three concurrent sample apps
Download(DL) speeds in Mbps
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2016
Thousands
No. of Speed Tests
Figure 12. Download Speed Distribution Curve: Mexico 10th 20th30th 40th
50th
60th 70th
80th
90th
500 Median 6.8 Mbps
450
Mean 10.3 Mbps
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 Download(DL) speeds in Mbps
Text and IM
Augmented Reality Gaming
Virtual Reality Streaming
Percentiles
Three concurrent sample apps
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2016
Asia-Pacific Speed Test Distribution Country Spotlight: China
Figure 13 depicts the distribution of download speeds around the mean/average and median in China. The most frequent occurrences of speeds are between 5 and 15 Mbps (10th through 40th percentiles), and there are fewer speed test records around the 70th to 90th percentile range (42 to 85 Mbps). The distribution has a long tail of high speeds beyond the 60th percentile. The difference between the mean (average) and the median speeds is nearly 11 Mbps, the largest difference in the samples represented in this section. A large majority of the users are able to experience the concurrent usage of sample applications optimally.
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Figure 13. Download Speed Distribution Curve: China
Thousands
No. of Speed Tests
10th 20th 30th 40th
50th
60th
90th
Mean 32.2 Mbps
Median 21.7 Mbps
40
80th
70th
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Download(DL) speeds in Mbps Text and IM
Augmented Reality Gaming
65
70
75
80
85
90
Percentiles
Virtual Reality Streaming
Three concurrent sample apps
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2016
Central and Eastern Europe Speed Test Distribution Country Spotlight: Russia
Figure 14 depicts the distribution of download speeds around the mean/average and median in Russia. The largest occurrences of speeds are between 3 and 13 Mbps, which are the 10th to 40th percentiles, and there are fewer speed test records around the 40 and 77 Mbps (70th to 90th percentiles) range. The distribution has a long tail of higher speeds beyond the 50th percentile. The difference between the mean (average) and the median speeds is nearly 10 Mbps. A large majority of the users are able to experience the concurrent usage of sample applications optimally. Figure 14. Download Speed Distribution Curve: Russia
Thousands
No. of Speed Tests
10th 20th 30th
40th
700
50th
60th
70th
80th
90th
Mean 30.0 Mbps
Median 19.9 Mbps
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0
5
Text and IM
10
15
20
25
30 35 40 45 50 55 Download(DL) speeds in Mbps
Augmented Reality Gaming
Virtual Reality Streaming
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Percentiles
Three concurrent sample apps
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2016
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Cisco Global Cloud Index Supplement: Cloud Readiness Regional Details White Paper Cisco Public
Western Europe Speed Test Distribution Country Spotlight: United Kingdom
Figure 15 depicts the distribution of download speed tests around the mean/average and median in the United Kingdom. The largest occurrences of speeds are between 4 and 15 Mbps (10th to 40th percentiles), and there are fewer speed test records between 50 and 72 Mbps (80th to 90th percentiles). There is a longer distribution of higher speeds beyond the 60th percentile. The difference between the mean or average speeds and the median is nearly 10 Mbps. A large majority of the users are able to experience the concurrent usage of sample applications optimally. Figure 15. Download Speed Distribution Curve: United Kingdom
No. of Speed Tests
Millions
10th 20th 30th 40th
50th Median 20.0 Mbps
0.9
60th
80th
70th
90th
Mean 29.8 Mbps
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Download(DL) speeds in Mbps Text and IM
Augmented Reality Gaming
Virtual Reality Streaming
90
100
110
120
130
140
Percentiles
Three concurrent sample apps
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2016
Middle East and Africa Speed Test Distribution Country Spotlight: South Africa
Figure 16 depicts the distribution of download speed tests around the mean/average and median in South Africa. The majority of the download speeds occur here between 1 and 3 Mbps (10th to 40th percentiles). The distribution has a long tail of higher speeds beyond the 60th percentile. The difference between the mean or average speeds and the median is nearly 7 Mbps. A smaller majority of the users are able to experience the concurrent usage of sample applications optimally.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Cisco Global Cloud Index Supplement: Cloud Readiness Regional Details White Paper Cisco Public
Figure 16. Download Speed Distribution Curve: South Africa
Thousands
No. of Speed Tests
10th20th 30th
40th 50th
60th
90th
Mean 10.3 Mbps
Median 3.6 Mbps
70
80th
70th
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Download(DL) speeds in Mbps Text and IM
Augmented Reality Gaming
Virtual Reality Streaming
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Percentiles
Three concurrent sample apps
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2016
Conclusion Numerous demographic, economic, and network factors lead a country toward better cloud readiness, and all the factors are important. Many private and public entities are involved in the ecosystem for the digitization and evolution of a country’s future cloud networks performance. Fixed networks currently offer better upload and download speeds and latencies than mobile networks. However, the gap in performance between fixed and mobile networks is rapidly narrowing. Given the growing global adoption of advanced mobile technologies, such as third- and fourth-generation (3G and 4G, respectively) Long Term Evolution (LTE), and the worldwide demand for wireless support of next-generation devices such as tablets and smartphones, we expect the performance gap between fixed and mobile networks to continue to narrow over the next few years. The commercial deployment of 5G is underway. Along the prospect of being considerably faster than existing technologies, 5G holds the promise of creating a digital society and economy which will result in many new and updated applications. It could potentially provide scalable and efficient telecommunications infrastructure which integrates processing, storage, and networking. The benefits of 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) will be realized when the cloud and big data is leveraged to its full potential. Several countries have average network performance characteristics that are significantly higher than those of their region. Although an increasing number of countries are currently able to support advanced cloud services, these countries will create significantly greater cloud traffic growth rates because of the highbandwidth services that they can offer over their networks (for example, UHD video streaming). From a business cloud services perspective, many networks currently can support intermediate business applications (such as enterprise resource planning, customer resource management, and basic video conferencing), and some can currently support advanced business applications (such as high definition video and audio conferencing). With the necessary infrastructure in place, businesses and enterprises of all sizes can effectively implement these productivity-enhancing applications and communications services.
For More Information For more information, please visit www.cisco.com/go/cloudindex. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R) C11-738089-00 11/16
