von Neumann Architecture
CS 470 – Operating Systems John Meister – Instructor Research Paper Presentation Barry Livingston
Agenda
Abstract John von Neumann
Family History Education
The Model
CPU
Arithmetic Logical Unit Control Unit Primary Control Unit Device Controller Bus
Summary
Abstract
If you were to ask ten thousand people to name the most influential thinker of the twentieth century, it is probable that not one of the responses would have pointed to John von Neumann. However,despite this obscurity, his thoughts have had an incalculable impact on human destiny. Our fate to this day still depends upon how we use the technologies his extraordinary mind made possible.
John von Neumann
Family History
Born in Budapest, Hungary in 1903 Extended Family Environment
Non Practicing Jewish family
Often mixed Christian & Jewish traditions
Family Entertainment
Father a wealthy banker in Budapest German & French Governess
Phone Book Division Jokes in Classic Geek with his father
Universal History (44 Volumes at 10 years)
John von Neumann
Education
Lutheran Gymnasium 1913 - 1920 University of Budapest – 1921 University of Berlin 1921-1923 Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH)
Chemical Engineering 1923 – 1925
University of Budapest – 1926
Doctorate Mathematics
U.S. Societal Contributions
Formalized Quantum mechanics – 1927 Numerous Mathematics papers with theories in effect yet today 1927 U.S citizenship with lectureship at Princeton 1929 Original professorship at (IAS) Princeton – 1933 Mathematics of hydrodynamic turbulence and large calculation management – 1940 Game Theories - 1943 Von Neumann computer architecture – 1945 Manhattan Project - 1946 Cellular automata – 1948 Von Neumann machines – 1950
ENIAC - 1945 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
1944 chance meeting with Goldstine Best known as first fully electronic computer $500,000 AND 200,000 Man-hours 18,000 vacuum tubes 1,500 relays 20 x 40 foot room low reliability, 174KW of power, air conditioning Development - John Mauchly, Presper Eckert & Herman Goldstine
von Neumann Architecture
1946 - John von Neumann (Princeton) Learned of the Eniac Project - 1944 Developed stored program concept
A memory containing both data and Instructions A calculating unit capable of performing both arithmetic and logical operations on the data A control unit which could interpret an instruction retrieved from the memory and select alternative courses of action based on the results of the previous operations.
The basis on which 95% of all modern computer architecture is based.
The Model Central Processing Unit (CPU) Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
Control Unit
Address Bus
Data Bus
Primary Memory Unit (Executable Memory)
Device Controller and I/O Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU) Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
Control Unit
CPU Components
ALU
In effect, a fast calculator Function Unit – performs the arithmetic (I.E +-/x) and any logical instruction (I.E. ANS, OR, NOT)
Control Unit
Reads Program Instructions Decodes the Instructions for the ALU Determines the sequence of Instructions(s) to be retrieved and executed
The Arithmetical-Logical Unit Right Operand
Left Operand
R1 R2 … RN General Registers hold the operands and the results
Function Unit
Status Registers
…
Results
To/From Primary Memory
Status Registers reflect the result of computations for later storage to the primary Memory
The Control Unit Operation
Fetch
PC
3054
Decode Unit Execte
IR
Control Unit
Load 3050
3046
10111001001100…1
3050
0111001010000…0…0
3054
10100111001100…0b
3058
10100010001100…0b
Primary Memory
Primary memory and I/O
Primary (executable) Memory
Device Controller
The primary means used to store both programs and data while they are being operated on by the CPU. The device that connects the bus to the actual device Provides the component necessary that allows the CPU to manipulate that causes the device to operate
I/O device
Devices that provide the ability to interact with the CPU with either Instruction or solutions
Summary
John von Neumann was one of the most influential thinkers of all time, as evidenced by his broad based contributions to science. His impact to computing has helped build the foundation of computing today and his theories continue to impact society as technology catches up to thinking that was way ahead of its time.
