Topic 1 l Introduction

TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION MOHD YUNUS SHARUM (DR.) NORIDAYU MANSHOR (DR.) Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technol...

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TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION MOHD YUNUS SHARUM (DR.) NORIDAYU MANSHOR (DR.) Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia

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Introduction Overview on Information Technology and Its Application

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Computer • Computer is an electronic device that operates based on the instructions stored inside its memory. • The set of instructions is known as the program or software. • Computer uses the processor to transforms data as the input into information as the output.

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Computer Components Input devices e.g. mouse, keyboard,

Output devices e.g. printer, monitor

Memory unit (primary storage)

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

e.g. RAM, ROM

processor

Communicati on devices e.g. modem

Secondary storages e.g. hard disk, CD-ROM, flash drive

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Computer Program • Program / software – a set of instructions that instruct computer to perform a certain task or objective • Can be categorized into system software and user application.

• System software such as the operating system is used to manage computer operations. • User applications such as Microsoft Office assist user to perform general activities for specific domain i.e. business PutraOCW

Computer Categories •

Personal

computer

personal usages e.g. computer, workstation



Embedded



for desktop

computer



computers that perform specific functions/purposes – e.g. car system controller, automatic washing machine system.



Mobile computer and device – computers or device that can be easily carried around or moved from one place to another – e.g. laptop, notebook, tablet, smartphone



Server - A computer that is used to serve other computers connected to it e.g. web server



Mainframe - A powerful computer that can serve multiple computers or terminals simultaneously



Supercomputer - A powerful, special purpose computer that can perform complex processing

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Computer Generations •

First generations (1946-1957) – produced for US military in WW2. Used vacuum tubes.



Second generations (1958-1963) – used transistors, programming languages. Already used by government and business.



Third generations (1964-1970) – used integrated circuit (IC), keyboard, monitors, disk as storage; affordable and already used by small businesses.



Fourth generations (1971-today) – contain microprocessors, mouse, magnetic and optical discs, better network devices.



Fifth generations (future) – may apply artificial intelligence, include voice recognition; use light for processing instead of electrons (new processing technology)

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