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SECTION 1: BELGIUM Transport Standards (+), Belgian Packaging Institute, Board Standards, Belgian Packaging Institute, N...

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TECHNICAL INFORMATION BOOKLET FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY

FCBM 37:06 International Rules for Corrugated Board and Cases

FEDERATION OF CORRUGATED BOX MANUFACTURERS OF INDIA

FOREWORD FCBM Publications continue to evoke interest and receive appreciation from everyone connected with the industry. These publications have been instrumental in creating uniform codes and meanings for different technical terms and establishing uniform procedures for the different test methods. This Technical Information Booklet on International Rules for Corrugated Board and Cases is a useful compendium of International Rules. In today’s globalised market place, it is indeed necessary to be aware of the rules related to corrugated board and boxes in different countries. I am sure the readers will find the contents interesting and useful. I extend my congratulations to the R&D Committee on this excellent effort. Manohar Shetty President Federation of Corrugated Box Manufacturers of India

Paperboard Packaging magazine printed a summary of “International Rules” as recognized by the International Corrugated Case Association (ICCA). These rules are reproduced here under various sections for the benefit of the members of Federation of Corrugated Box Manufacturers of India. Section 1: BELGIUM 1. Transport Standards Note No. 122 2. Board Standards Note No. 120 Section 2: DENMARK Instruction of the Danish Railways Section 3: F.E.F.C.O FEFCO Recommendations for Corrugated Board Grades Section 4: FINLAND Finnish Railroad (Valtion Rautatiet, VR) Section 5: FRANCE C.N.E.C. / L.G.E. / U.S.F.O. / C.E.T.E.C. Section 6: GERMANY VDW Standards, DIN 55468 Section 7: GREAT BRITAIN Home Trade Export Specification Section 8: INDIA IS: 2771 (Part I) – 1977 Specifications for Fibreboard Boxes Section 9: ITALY 1. GIFCO Transport Standards 2. GIFCO Board Standards Section 10: JAPAN Industrial Standards Section 11: SWITZERLAND Corrugated Board Qualities Section 12: USA / CANADA Rule 41 / Item 222

1.50

112-140

GSM of fluting paper

140-150

1.40 Above 150

1.30

VI

Minimum flat crush values, in bars, per 100 flutes/meter for each wall of single and double wall corrugated board.

BAR

V

(+) = There are separate standards for tropics, farm produce, etc.

2

725

626

525

425

375

350

500

400

300

275

250

g/m

C

28

24

20

16

13

10

20

16

13

10

8

bar

E

2800

2400

2000

1600

1300

1000

2000

1600

1300

1000

800

kPa

P

120

110

100

90

80

70

70

55

45

40

35

Kg-cm

P = The minimum puncture value of the board

E = The minimum burst value of the board

C = The minimum grammage of the liners

IV

I

Double Wall

V

IV

III

II

I

Single Wall

T = Type of board according to note No. 120

VI

V

IV

III

II

I

Double Wall

III

V

IV

III

II

I

Single Wall

Class

Dim = The maximum dimension of the package (L+B+H)

94

86

78

70

65

59

49

In

T

II

240

220

200

180

165

150

125

Cm

Dim J

11.77

10.79

9.81

8.83

7.85

6.86

6.86

5.39

4.41

3.92

3.43

2) Board Standards, Belgian Packaging Institute, Note No. 120

M (1) = The maximum mass (weight) of the package

165

75

88

40

110

66

30

132

44

20

50

22

10

60

Lb

Kg

M (1)

1) Transport Standards (+), Belgian Packaging Institute, Note No. 122

SECTION 1: BELGIUM

44

66

88

20

30

40

178

165

152

Centimeters

70

65

60

Inches

The sum of the dimensions (L+W+H) must not exceed Dim

22

15

12

Kg / cm

2

2158

1471

1177

Kilopascals

Minimum Bursting Strength (E)

It is a condition that packaging is complete and intact, and that contents to be packed in it do not consist of a single heavy item, but of goods which can be equally spread in the packaging, and which do not moisten the packaging.

Pounds

Kilograms

At a net weight of

Undated Instruction of Danish Railways

SECTION 2: DENMARK

8

10

13

18

23

24

25

26 1770

1280

980

780

590

390

1960

1470

1170

880

690

490

kPa













65

50

40

35

30

25

cm-kgf













6.4

4.9

3.9

3.4

2.9

2.5

J

PUNCTURE

7.3

5.9

4.8

4.0

3.3

2.7













Kg/cm

Class II: Recommended for extra resistance to compression of the case of non self support

7.2

5.8

4.7

3.9

3.2

2.6













kN/m

E C T VALUES

Class I: Recommended for the basic ability of the case to contain contents of self support

6

22

20

16

Single Wall

15

15

4

12

14

21

9

13

CLASS II

7

12

Single Wall

5

11

BURST

2

Kg/cm

CLASS 1

GRADE

FEFCO RECOMMENDATION FOR CORRUGATED BOARD GRADES

SECTION 3: F. E. F. C. O.

22

44

66

88

110

132

154

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

3

3

3

2

1

1

1

T

200

200

200

180

165

150

125

Cm

Dim

78

78

78

70

65

59

49

In

32

28

25

20

16

12

8

Kg/cm

E 2

3139

2747

2452

1962

1570

1177

785

kPa

170

140

115

90

70

55

40

Kg-cm

P

P = The minimum puncture value of the corrugated board

E = The minimum burst (Mullen) value of the corrugated board

J

16.70

13.73

11.28

8.83

6.86

5.39

3.92

Dim = The maximum combined dimension of the package (L + W + H)

M (1) = The maximum mass of package

lb

Kg

M (1) Legend

board

3 = Double wall corrugated

corrugated board

2 = Single or Double wall

board

1 = Single wall corrugated

T = Type of corrugated board

FINNISH RAILROAD (VALTION RAUTATIEN, VR – PPO)

SECTION 4: FINLAND

20

30

40

50

60

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

20

30

40

50

60

75

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

Double Wall

10

1.1

165

132

110

88

66

44

132

110

88

66

44

22

240

225

205

185

170

150

225

205

185

170

150

125

94

88

80

73

67

59

88

80

73

67

59

49

in

cm

Kg

lb

Dim. Max

M (2) Max

Single Wall

CLASS

A.F.N.O.R / C.E.T.E.C / U.S.F.O.

5050

4050

3300

2800

2350

2050

5250

4500

3600

2900

2450

1950

650

400

325

275

250

250

650

550

400

325

275

250

g/m

2

2

g/m

C min

P min

2200

1800

1400

1250

950

850

2200

1800

1400

1050

850

750

kPa

E min

Note: The minimum flat crush value for 100 flutes of single wall board for all GSM shall be the arithmetic mean of 5 single measurement not less than 145 kPa.

E = The minimum burst value (Mullen) of the board

C = The minimum combined Grammage of the two exterior liners only

Dim = The maximum combined dimension of the package (L + W + H)

M (2) = The Gross weight of the packed contents

P = The sum of the mass of the two external liners multiplied by 4 plus the burst resistance in kPa. Note: If the mass of one liner exceeds 50% of the other, the P value is limited to 2.5 times the GSM lighter liner.

Legend

(NO. Q 12 – 008 FOR BOARD / NO. NTC – 27 FOR PACKAGE)

SECTION 5: FRANCE

150



3.5

3.6

50

2.5

125

40

2.4

3.2

30

2.3

100

20

2.2

3.1

50

1.5

60

40

1.4

75

30

1.3

2.6

20

1.2

2.7

-

10

1.0

1.1

(B) EV3

(A)

Quality Class

1300

1200

1100

1000

725

625

525

425

375

350

500

400

300

250

250

225

g/m

2

Grammage

Dim.









2550

2160

1760

1470

1180

880

1760

1470

1180

880

590

490

kPa

Burst

33.6

29.4

24.5

19.6

11.8

10.8

9.8

8.8

7.8

6.9

6.9

5.4

4.4

3.9

3.4

2.5

J

Puncture

Dim: (Dimensions): Total of Length + Width + Height not to exceed 200 cm. (external measurements). Longest edge not to exceed 100 cm. Second longest edge not to exceed 75 cm. In addition to this rules regarding the manufacturer joint are to be complied with.

The Puncture values do not apply to E-flute corrugated boards nor to combination of E-flute board with any other type of flute.

Figures in the Grammage column are the minimum values or the prescribed values of liner Grammage, inasmuch as the latter exceeds minimum values.

Quality Class B: Maximum Gross weight in Kgs of the package. EV3 relates to packaging of non dangerous goods.

Quality Class A: 1.0 to 1.5 are single wall, 2.2 to 2.7 are double wall, and, 3.1 to 3.6 are tri wall.

Strength values of corrugated board cases according to VDW – Standard DIN 55 468

SECTION 6: GERMANY

1775

1900

2150

40

55

75

1775

40

1650

1650

30

30

1525

20

1525

1275

15

20

1025

10

1275

750

8

15

635

5

2550

2200

1610

1380

1000

850

1850

1500

1270

1180

1030

800

600

C

125

125

125

125















E

Double Wall

Single Wall

55

45

30

20

15

10

30

20

15

10

A

2150

1775

1650

1525

1275

1025

1650

1525

1275

1025

B

2550

2200

1610

1380

1000

850

1850

1500

1410

1180

C

2

D

1200

900

550

450

300

250

800

600

550

450

Export Specification

All liners

All liners

125

125

125

125









E

Note 2: No single dim to exceed 50% of combined dimensions

Note 1: For each 10% reduction in mass of contents below maximum permitted, dimensions show in table may be increased by 5%.

Fluting media: Minimum GSM 112 g/m . The made up board to be capable of with standing a flat crush test, having values: 900 All liners for A flute – 140 kPa, for B flute – 180 kPa, for C flute – 165 1200 All liners kPa.

550

450

300

250

800

600

500

450

400

300

250

D

A: Max. Gross mass of D: Mini. combined GSM of inner contents Kg & Outer facings B: Max. Dim L+W+H in mm E: Mini. GSM of middle Wall C: Mini. Burst in kPa.

Double Wall

Single Wall

B

A

Home Trade Specifications

SECTION 7: GREAT BRITAIN

Triple Wall

Double Wall

Single Wall

1650

1775

1900

2150

40

55

75

1525

25

30

1525

20

1025

10

1275

750

8

15

635

mm

5

Kg

Type of Max. Max. Board Mass of Combined contents Dim. L+W+H

2

29

24

17

14

13

12

10

9

8

6

Kg/cm

Mini. Burst

Note 5: The values of bursting strength given in column 4 are for general guidance and the user can choose minimum burst value appropriate to his product requirement.

Note 4: If a box is required for export or special use, it may be advisable to equate the board details given in the table to a reduced mass of content or reduced maximum combined dimension.

Note 3: For calculating the maximum combined dimensions for any intermediate mass content, for each 10% reduction in mass content below the maximum permitted for a box, the calculated combined dimensions for the same may be increased by 5%.

Note 2: The Single/Double/Triple wall boxes may be selected for maximum mass of contents in column 2 when the bursting strength properties can be achieved as per the requirement of the article packed.

Note 1: Boxes shall be made with no single dimension exceeding 50% of the sum of the permitted combined dimensions.

IS: 2771 (PART I) – 1977 SPECIFICATION FOR FIBREBOARD BOXES (AMENDMENT NO. 1 DECEMBER 1980)

SECTION 8: INDIA

240

94



F = The minimum Flat crush values per 100 flutes/meter

E = The minimum burst (Mullen) value of the board

C = The minimum GSM of the two exterior liners.

T = Type of board according to GIFCO BOARD STANDARD, S = Single wall, D = Double wall

M = The gross mass (weight) of the package

165

50

6D

650

400

21

18

14

12

10

8

21

18

15

11

9

7

Kg/cm

E 2

2058

1766

1372

1177

981

785

2058

1766

1471

1078

883

686

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.3

1.2

kPa Kg/cm

F 2

-

-

-

-

-

-

127

117

kPa

Note: The classes are defined according to (4C/100) + E. The minimum values of C & E do not guarantee the desired values and therefore to be compensated.

39

5D

325

275

32

650

550

4D

43

400

Dim = The max. Combined dimension of the case (L+W+H)

5D

5S

34

325

250

6S

4D

4S

28

275

250

23

88

5S

3D

3S

23

19

27

225

80

4S

2D

2S

1S

3D

75

75

132

205

73

3S

1D

Single Wall

250

60

60

110

185

67

2S



g/m

20

50

50

88

170

59

1S

+E

2

6D

40

40

66

150

49

in

C

2) GIFCO BOARD STANDARDS Type Class (4C/100)

52

30

30

44

125

cm

T

6S

20

20

22

lb

Dim

Double 1 D Wall 2D

10

Kg

M (1)

10

Class

1) GIFCO TRANSPORT STANDARDS

SECTION 9: ITALY

12.3

14.0

19.3

24.5

2

3

4

5

14.0

19.3

24.5

35.0

42.0

1

2

3

4

5

Double Wall

8.8

2

Kg/m

1

Single Wall

Class

Burst

4120

3433

2430

1893

1373

2403

1893

1373

1206

863

kPa

205

185

135

113

95

95

75

60

55

45

Kg-cm J

20.11

18.15

13.24

11.08

9.32

9.32

7.36

5.88

5.39

4.41

Puncture

Note: kPa and Joules values are not shown in the Japanese Specification and have been added for convenience.

Burst and Puncture values shown above are the average of three test.

‘B’ flute to be 51 ± 3 flutes per 30 cm.

‘A’ flute to be 36 ± 3 flutes per 30 cm.

The center liner of double wall board may be corrugating medium or interior liner.

Puncture is an optional alternative to burst if specified.

Board moisture content at time of manufacture min 11 ± 2%.

Note 2: The maximum combined dimensions of the package not specified

Note 1: The maximum mass (weight) of the package not specified.

JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS J.I.S Z. 1516 (CONFIRMED 1970)

SECTION 10: JAPAN

Kg/cm

kN/m

ECT

4.5

5.5

6.3

4.1

3.9

9.5

16.0

13.0

12.0

10.5

9.7

7.9

6.9

5.8

4.4

932

1569

1275

1177

1030

951

775

677

569

432

kPa

Conversion factors:

Mullen: 1 kg/cm = 98.07 kPa ECT : 1 kg/cm = 0.981 kN/m

2

The guarantee refers to controlled median values of samples taken at the corrugator, with testing at normal climatic conditions, i.e., (20°C and 65% R.H). FEFCO test methods No. 1, 4 and 8.

Tolerances: ECT: – 5% of the guaranteed median value Mullen: – 5% of the guaranteed median value.

5.6

4.6

154

165

5.1

5.2

6.4

136

4.2

4.7

132

133

153H

4.6

4.0

131

3.9

4.6

4.0

4.7

111

3.2

113

3.3

106

2

MULLEN

Kg/cm

A – flute approximately 5 mm thick

Type of board Kg/cm kN/m

ECT

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.9

3.2

6.0

10.5

8.2

12.5

9.7

7.9

5.8

4.4

6.5 6.0

564 581

9.0 11.0

554

7.6 8.4

536 553 557

6.6

532

5.9

6.4

10.8

8.8

8.2

7.5

6.5

9.0

11.5

30.0

23.0

20.0

15.0

12.5

A + B flute approximately 8 mm thick

281

272

264

252

232

231

211

206

2

883

1128

2942

2256

1961

1471

1226

588

1030

804

1226

951

775

569

432

kPa

MULLEN Kg/cm

B – flute approximately 3 mm thick

Type of board

Corrugated Board Qualities –As agreed by the Swiss Convention of Corrugated Board Manufacturers

SECTION 11: SWITZERLAND

B

C

D

E

50

60

75

85

95

105

35

50

65

80

95

120

180

138

111

84

75

66

52

350

275

250

200

175

150

125















55

44

40

32

29

26

23

F B C D E

120

115

110

105

95

85

270

222

180

126

110

92

600

500

400

350

275

200

1300

1100

900

700

112

90

80

67

F: Minimum Edge crush test values in pounds per inch.









82

71

61

51

48

42

D: Minimum Burst in pounds per sq. inch

360

264

222

168













F

E: Minimum puncture test values in in.oz. per tear in.

120

280 125

115

260

300

110

240

Triple wall corrugated fiberboard

180

160

140

120

100

80

Double wall corrugated fiberboard boxes

A

C: Minimum Combined weight of facings, including center facings of double/Triple wall boards in lbs/1000 sq. feet

B: Maximum Outside dimensions, Length, Width, and Height added in inches.

A: Maximum weight of the box and contents in pounds

40

20

Single wall corrugated fiberboard boxes

A

Item 222 of National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) and Rule 41 of Uniform Freight Classification (UCF)

SECTION 12: U.S.A. / CANADA

MEMBERS OF R & D COMMITTEE Sri. RAM KUMAR SUNKARA Sri. KIRIT MODI Sri. P. D. SHAH Sri. AL. ANNAMALAI Sri. ASHOK VYAS Sri. NITIN WADHWA Sri. SUNIL SETHI Sri. ANIL KUMAR REDDY Sri. DILIP SABOO Sri. HEMANT SARAOGI Sri. R. G. AGARWALA Sri. PAWAN KUMAR TIBREWALA Sri. ASHWIN SHAH Sri. SHILEN D. PATEL Sri. B. K. HARI Sri. SASEENDRAN Sri. N. X. GEORGE Sri. SANJEEV SUREKA Sri. V. K. DEWAN Sri. VIJAY PANJABI

Chairman Co-Chairman Past Chairman Past Chairman Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member

Published in the interest of manufacturers and users of corrugated boxes. For additional copies, please write to:

FEDERATION OF CORRUGATED BOX MANUFACTURERS OF INDIA C/o. Sai Kripa Insulations Pvt. Ltd. A-105, Peenya 2nd Stage, Bangalore - 560 058. Phone: 91-80-4117 1281 / 283 Fax: 91-80-4117 1282 • e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.fcbm.org