PHYSICAL SCIENCE

1. The acceleration of gravity acting on the mass of an object is its a. mass b. weight c. velocity d. free fall acceler...

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1. The acceleration of gravity acting on the mass of an object is its a. mass b. weight c. velocity d. free fall acceleration

2. Which of the following measurements is not a vector measurement? a. force b. velocity c. acceleration d. mass

3. The distance traveled divided by the time taken to travel the distance is a definition of a. velocity b. acceleration c. force d. inertia

4. In the scientific method, what is used to develop and test hypothesis? a. observation and experiment b. theories c. a hammer d. hypothesis are never tested in the scientific method

5. in physics, the standard system of measurement, which is often known as the metric system, is the called the a. SI system b. SYSTEM internationale c. the french system d. the English system 6. A background in research methods will help people ___________. A)

read research reports critically

B)

evaluate the methods used in research studies

C)

decide whether research conclusions are reasonable

D)

all of the above

7. Jeremy clings to his personal explanation of behavior because it seems so obvious. He is using _________ to draw this conclusion. A)

authority

B)

intuition

C)

empiricism

D)

authority and intuition

8. When Sergio accepts an explanation because it comes from an expert, he is using __________ as the basis for his belief. A)

authority

B)

intuition

C)

empiricism

D)

authority and intuition

9. Sally doesn't care if there isn't any scientific evidence that people can learn while they sleep. She listens to language tapes each night solely because she feels they work. A)

authority

B)

intuition

C)

empiricism

D)

authority and intuition

10. The scientific approach recognizes that both intuition and authority ________. A)

provide reliable explanations for behavior.

B)

are empirically tested assumptions about behavior

C)

are sources of ideas about behavior

D)

adhere to scientific explanations for behavior

Ans. 1 to 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. d

b d a a a

7. b 8. a 9. b

10. c

11. A virtual image is A)

produced by light rays.

B)

your brain's interpretations of light rays.

C)

found only on the Internet.

D)

a real image produced by computer tricks with light.

12. As the angle of an incident ray of light on a water surface increases the angle of the refracted ray A)

also increases.

B)

stays the same.

C)

decreases.

D)

none of the above.

13. When viewed straight down (90° to the surface), an incident light ray moving from the water to air is refracted A)

away from the normal.

B)

toward the normal.

C)

not at all.

D)

about 49°

14. Light with the lowest frequency (longest wavelength) detected by your eyes is perceived as A)

blue.

B)

green.

C)

orange.

D)

red.

15. The index of refraction is based on the ratio of the speed of light in A)

two transparent materials.

B)

air to the speed of light in the transparent material.

C)

water to the speed of light in the transparent material.

D)

a vacuum to the speed of light in the transparent material.

16. A mirage is produced because A)

warm air has a higher index of refraction than cool air.

B)

water from oceans and lakes is highly reflective.

C)

images of water are reflected from the sky.

D)

light travels faster through air than through water.

17. The shimmering that is observed over a hot surface is A)

heat.

B)

reflections from rising heat.

C)

changing refraction from the mixing of warm and cool air.

D)

a mirage.

18. According to the relationship between frequency and energy of light (E = hf), which color of light has more energy? A)

blue.

B)

green.

C)

orange.

D)

red.

19. Which of the following cannot be explained with a wave theory of light? A)

polarization

B)

interference

C)

photoelectric effect

D)

all of the above

20. Which of the following cannot be explained with a particle theory of light? A)

polarization

B)

quantization of energy

C)

photoelectric effect

D)

all of the above

Ans. 11 to 20 11. b 12. a 13. c 14. d 15. d 16. c 17. c 18. a 19. c

20. a

21. Scientific skepticism means that __________. A) evidence must be based on the logic and mutual agreement of expert scientists in a specific area of research work B)

scientists are skeptical about what they cannot see themselves

C)

scientists evaluate ideas on the basis of personal logic, authority, and investigation

D) ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations

22. The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is __________. A)

theories

B)

empiricism

C)

replication

D)

evaluating data

23. According to Goodstein's (2000) "evolved theory of science," which of the following is NOT a characteristic of scientific inquiry? A) Scientists make observations that are accurately reported to other scientists and the public so others can replicate the methods and obtain the same results. B) Science flourishes when there is an open system for the exchange of ideas in which supporters and those who disagree with an idea can report their research and it can be evaluated by others. C) Research studies must be reviewed by peers before they become a part of the scientific literature. D) Scientists search for observations that support ideas popular to others and viewed by other scientists as publishable.

24. What is the advantage of the scientific approach over other ways of knowing the world around us? A) The scientific approach provides an objective set of rules for gathering, evaluating, and reporting information. B) The scientific approach provides a method of generating ideas, observing biases, and supporting knowledge. C) The scientific approach provides a set of ethical rules that tests all beliefs and shares results with other scientists. D) The scientific approach provides an objective environment to discuss science with others and remove all biases and fraud.

25. Before accepting the claims of a scientist, it is worthwhile to __________. A)

evaluate the credentials of the individual

B)

examine the researcher's source of funding

C)

examine the reputation of the institution represented by the person

D)

all of the above

26. The four general goals of scientific research are __________. A)

to explain, examine, predict, and manipulate behavior

B)

to report, describe, explain, and understand behavior

C)

to describe, predict, determine the causes of, and understand or explain behavior

D)

to observe, understand, predict, and determine changes of behavior

27. Do students who are test-anxious finish an exam sooner than non-anxious students? This question addresses which goal of scientific research? A)

Prediction of behavior

B)

Describe events

C)

Determine the causes of behavior

D)

Explanation of behavior

28. What is NOT one of the three types of evidence required to identify a cause of behavior? A)

Correlation of the effect and time

B)

Covariation of the cause and effect

C)

Elimination of alternative explanations

D)

Temporal precedence

29. Researchers want to know why college students prefer multiple-choice rather than essay exams. The goal of this research is __________. A)

Prediction of behavior

B)

Describe events

C)

Determine the causes of behavior

D)

Explanation of behavior

30. Basic research tries to answer questions about __________. A)

everyday problems

B)

the nature of behavior

C)

theoretical issues

D)

both b and c

Ans. 21 to 30 21. d

22. b 23. d 24. a 25. d 26. c 27. b 28. a 29. d 30. d

31. X-ray beams are always a) b) c) d)

heterogeneous homogeneous characteristic exponential

32. When attenuated with filtration, the following aspect of an x-ray beam is improved intensity a. quality b. intensity and quality c. mass attenuation coefficient

33. In diagnostic radiography the principle attenuation process is a) b) c) d)

unmodified scatter pair production Compton scatter photoelectric absorption

34. In radiotherapy (over 1 MeV) the principle attenuation process is a. b. c. d.

Pair production photoelectric absorption Compton scatter unmodified scatter

35. The probability of photoelectric absorption occuring is greatest when a) the energy of the incoming photon just equals the ionisation energy of the atom it interacting with b) the energy of the incoming photon is more than the ionisation energy of the atom it interacting with c) the energy of the incoming photon is less than the ionisation energy of the atom it interacting with d) the energy of the incoming photon is greater than the ionisation energy of the atom it interacting with

is is is is

36. In diagnostic radiography, photoelectric absorption occurs greatest in a) b) c) d)

air bone tissue fat

37. Compton scattering results in the scattering of the incident photon, with the degree of scattering depended on a. b. c. d.

loss of energy atomic number of the interacting atom electron coniguration density of interacting atom

38. Pair production can only take place when the photon energy a) Exceeds 102 MeV

b) equal to 1.002 MeV c) exceeds 1.02 MeV d) is below 1.02 MeV

39. as the photon energy of an x-ray beam increases a) b) c) d)

the incidence of Compton scattering increases the incidence of photoelectric absorption increases the incidence of Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption both decreases the incidence of Compton scattering increases and photoelectric absorption decreases

40. with regards to an increase in proton (atomic) number a) b) c) d)

the incidence of photoelectric absorption increases rapidly the incidence of photoelectric absorption decreases rapidly the incidence of Compton scattering increases rapidly the incidence of Compton scattering decreases rapidly

Ans. 31 to 40 31. a 32. b 33. d 34. a 35. a 36. b 37. a 38. c 39. c 40. a

41. We turn on a bulb and filament changes its colour and becomes bright. Is it chemical change like burning? A) Yes, filament burns itself like wood to give light B) No, filament burn itself but that isn’t chemical change C) No, filament doesn’t change into something new

42. When a change of colour takes place, __ A) It’s chemical change if new substance is formed B) That is always a physical change C) That is always a chemical change

43. A blacksmith grinds edges of iron axe against a spinning wheel to sharpen it. Sparks of fire and heat are generated. We can say ___ A) It is chemical change as heat is generated B) It is physical change as only shape of axe changes C) Its physical change as iron turns into new metal

44. We put sand on small fire to put it off as ___ A) Sand is a condition for burning B) Sand steals heat from fire and fire becomes cold C) Sand stops air from reaching fire, which is condition of burning

45. Why are physical properties of difference substances different? A) Molecules of different substances are different B) Two substances can’t have any atom in common

C) Both A and B

46. Do all physical property changes in physical change? A) Yes, all physical properties get changed B) No, all physical properties may not change C) No, only shape is changed in every physical change

47. An artist made a statue of stone but he can’t get the whole stone block back. Then, is it right to call it a physical change? A) Yes, statue is made of same stone B) No, change of physical property always means change of molecule C) Cannot be said for sure

48. Which of the following involves a chemical change? a. melting ice. b. chopping wood. c. none of these. d. cooking an egg. e. boiling water.

49. Which of the following is a physical change? a. cooking an egg. b. rusting iron. c. burning gasoline.

d. evaporating water. e. decomposing meat

50. Which of these is a chemical property? a. Water has a high specific heat. b. Ice melts at 0 degree celsius. c. Glycerol is a viscous liquid. d. Sodium is a soft shiny metal. e. Helium is very nonreactive.

Ans. 41 to 50 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. E

51. Which of the following is only a physical change? a. Cookies burn in the oven. b. A banana ripens.

c. At least two of the above (a-d) exhibit only a physical change. d. Leaves turn colors in the fall. e. Sugar dissolves in coffee.

52. Which of the following is a chemical change? a. a butter melting. b. gasoline evaporating. c. sugar dissolving in water. d. water boiling. e. paper burning.

53. An example of a mixture is a. the air in this room. b. all of these. c. gold. d. hydrogen fluoride. e. purified water.

54. An example of a pure substance is a. compound. b. carbon dioxide. c. elements. d. all of these. e. pure water.

55. Water is an example a. a heterogenous mixture. b. a compound. c. a homogeneous mixture. d. an element.

56. The result of the following calculation has how many significant figures? (0.4333 J/g °C) (33.12°C – 31.12°C)(412.1 g) a. 4 b. 3 c. 5 d. 2 e. 1

57. Calculate the heat given off when 159.7 g of copper cools from 155.0°C to 23.0°C. The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J/g·°C. a. 5.48*10^(4)J b. 1.41*10^(3)J c. 9.53*10^(3)J d. 8.12*10^(3)J e. none of these.

58. How many joules of energy would be required to heat 15.9 g of carbon from 23.6°C to 54.2°C? (Specific heat capacity of carbon = 0.71 J/g·°C.) a. 3.5*10^(2)J

b. 6.1*10^(2)J c. 6.9*10^(2)J d. 8.9*10^(2)J e. none of these.

59. Assume that 491.8 J of heat is added to 5.00 g of water originally at 23.0°C. What would be the final temperature of the water? (Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g·°C.) a. 61.5 degree celsius. b. 74.5 degree celsius. c. none of these. d. 46.5 degree celsius. e. 23.5 degree celsius.

60. Classify each of the following as a physical (P) or a chemical (C) change. ______________ a. cooking an egg ______________ b. boiling water ______________ c. ironing a shirt ______________ d. burning gasoline ______________ e. decomposing water ______________ f. evaporating alcohol ______________ g. sanding a table top ______________ h. grinding grain ______________ i. fermenting fruit juice ______________ j. dissolving sugar in water

61. Classify each of the following as an element (A), a compound (B), a homogeneous mixture (C), or a heterogeneous mixture (D). a. table salt

______________

b. chlorine gas ______________ c. sand in water

______________

d. petroleum ______________ e. caffeine

51. e 52. e 53. a 54. d 55. b 56. a 57. d 58. a 59. d 60. a. _ p b. _ p c. _ p d. _ c e. _ c f. _ p 61.

______________

a. b b. a c. d d. c e. c

62. Olfactory indicators are: a. Clove b. Turmeric c. Soap d. Rose Petals

63. An element common to all acids is a. Chlorine b. Nitrogen c. Oxygen d. Hydrogen

64. Metal carbonate on reaction with dilute acid release a. CO; b. CO c. H20 d. H2

65. ‘Teachers FA manualli in general, salts

a. are ionic compounds b. contain hydrogen ions c. contain hydroxide ions d. turn litmus red

66. On passing excess of CO; gas in an aqueous solution of calcium carbonate, milkiness of the solution a. persists b. fades c. deepens d. disappears

67. When magnesium and hydrochloric acid react, they produce a. Oxygen and magnesium chloride b. Chlorine and magnesium oxide c. Hydrogen and magnesium chloride d. Hydrogen and magnesium oxide

68. Dissolution of acid or base in water is a. Exothermic b. Endothermic c. Violent d. None ofthese

69. Water contains more H+ ions than OH- ions. In this case, water is

a. neutral b. basic c. acidic d. cannot say.

70. When an acid reacts with a base what compounds are formed? a. water only b. metal oxides only c. a salt only d. a salt and water

71. Which of the following is a property of an acid? a. slippery feel b. non-reactive c. sourtaste d. strong color

72. On diluting an acid concentration of H+ per unit volume a. increases b. decreases c. remains unaffected d. depends on type of acid used.

73. What is pH? a. the positive logarithm ofthe hydroxide ion concentration

b. the positive logarithm ofthe hydrogen ion concentration c. the negative logarithm ofthe hydroxide ion concentration d. the negative logarithm ofthe hydrogen ion concentration

74. Tartaric acid is the constituent of a. bleaching powder b. baking powder c. washing powder d. plaster of paris

75. A solution turns blue litmus red. Its pH value is likely to be a. 4 b. F c. 9 d. 12

Ans. 62 to 75. 62. a 63. d 64. a 65. a 66. b 67. c 68. a

69. c 70. d 71. c 72. b 73. d 74. b 75. a