Mass Incarceration Mass Incarceration Glenn C. Loury Brown University Brown University March 2010 Presentation based on data provided by Bruce Western of Harvard University
Mass Imprisonment
David Garland (2001, 1) defines mass imprisonment: . . . a rate of imprisonment. . . that is markedly above the historical and comparative norm for societies of this type. . . [imprisonment] ceases to be the incarceration of individual offenders and becomes the systematic imprisonment of whole groups of the population.
Mass Imprisonment
David Garland (2001, 1) defines mass imprisonment: . . . a rate of imprisonment. . . that is markedly above the historical and comparative norm for societies of this type. . . [imprisonment] ceases to be the incarceration of individual offenders and becomes the systematic imprisonment of whole groups of the population.
Incarceration in Western Europe, 2001
UK
126
Germany
96
N'lands
95
Italy
95
Austria
85
Belgium
85
France
77
Sweden
68
Denmark
59
0
200
400 Incarceration Rate (per 100,000)
600
Incarceration in Western Europe and the US, 2001
USA
686
UK
126
Germany
96
N'lands
95
Italy
95
Austria
85
Belgium
85
France
77
Sweden
68
Denmark
59
0
200
400 Incarceration Rate (per 100,000)
600
300 200 100
Prisoners per 100,000
400
500
US Imprisonment Rate, 1925−1972
● ● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●●●●●
● ● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●
1940
1960
1980
2000
500
US Imprisonment Rate, 1925−2006 ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●
● ● ●
300
● ● ● ● ●
200
● ● ● ● ● ●
100
Prisoners per 100,000
400
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●●
● ● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●
1940
1960
1980
2000
500
US Imprisonment Rate, 1925−2006 ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●
In 2007:
●
* 1.5m in prison
●
● ● ●
300
● ● ● ● ●
200
● ● ● ● ● ●
100
Prisoners per 100,000
400
●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●●
● ● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●
1940
1960
1980
2000
500
US Imprisonment Rate, 1925−2006 ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●
In 2007:
● ● ●
* 780,000 in jail
● ● ●
300
● ● ● ● ●
200
● ● ● ● ● ●
100
Prisoners per 100,000
400
* 1.5m in prison
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●●
● ● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●
1940
1960
1980
2000
500
US Imprisonment Rate, 1925−2006 ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●
In 2007:
● ● ●
* 780,000 in jail
● ●
* 800,000 on parole
●
300
● ● ● ● ●
200
● ● ● ● ● ●
100
Prisoners per 100,000
400
* 1.5m in prison
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●●
● ● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●
1940
1960
1980
2000
500
US Imprisonment Rate, 1925−2006 ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●
In 2007:
● ● ●
* 780,000 in jail
● ●
* 800,000 on parole 300
●
* 4.2m on probation
● ● ● ● ●
200
● ● ● ● ● ●
100
Prisoners per 100,000
400
* 1.5m in prison
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●●
● ● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●
1940
1960
1980
2000
20000
30000
1980 2008
10000 0
Inmates per 100,000
40000
Incarceration by Race and Education
214 750
All
20000
30000
1980 2008
11950
10000 0
Inmates per 100,000
40000
Incarceration by Race and Education
214 750
All
650
1750
Men 20−34
2350
Men 20−34