Lesmahagow High School Higher Human Biology Unit 3 – Neurobiology and Communication - Learning Outcomes Key Area 1 – Divisions of the nervous system and parts of the brain •
Name the structures included in the CNS
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State the function of the nervous system
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State 2 ways motor responses are made
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Name the divisions within the peripheral nervous system
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State the function of each of these divisions
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Describe how homeostatic control is brought about
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Describe the antagonistic actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on: – Heart rate – Breathing rate – Peristalsis – Intestinal secretions
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State the systems which control the ‘fight or flight’ and ‘rest and
digest’ responses •
Identify the central core, limbic system and cerebral cortex in a diagram
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State the 2 structures of the central core
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State the functions of these structures
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State 2 components of the limbic system
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State 3 functions of the limbic system
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State 3 functions of the cerebral cortex
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Describe the localisation of the 3 functions parts of the cerebral cortex
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State that the brain has two hemispheres.
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Describe the function of the two hemispheres and how those two hemispheres communicate with each other
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Lesmahagow High School Higher Human Biology Unit 3 – Neurobiology and Communication - Learning Outcomes Key Area 2 – Perception and Memory •
State what is meant by perception
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State the 3 areas of perception
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State 2 ways objects can be segregated
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Give 3 examples of visual cues
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State that the image received from each eye is different and give
the term to describe this •
Explain how binocular disparity can be used to judge distance
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Explain how perceptual constancy can be used to judge distance
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State how objects are better recognised
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Describe how shape descriptions stored in memories can help to recognise unfamiliar objects
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State what is meant by perceptual set
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Give 3 examples which can influence perceptual set
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State what is meant by memory
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Describe the pathway (3 stages) for new information entering the brain
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State the difference between sensory memory and STM in terms of length of time information is held for and capacity
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State what is meant by memory span
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State what is meant by the serial position effect
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State how information is maintained in the STM
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State how information can be lost from the STM
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Describe what is meant by chucking and its function
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Name and describe 3 ways information is transferred from the STM to the LTM State what is meant by encoding
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Describe 2 methods of encoding information
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Explain the use of contextual cues in retrieval of information
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Describe the 4 types of memory
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State where each of the 4 types of memory are located in the brain
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Lesmahagow High School Higher Human Biology Unit 3 – Neurobiology and Communication - Learning Outcomes Key Area 3 – The cells of the nervous system and neurotransmitters at synapses • Be able to identify the following structures in a diagram: •
Dendrites
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Cell body
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Axons
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Myelin sheath
• State the function of the above structures • State what is what meant by myelination • State the difference in impulse conduction between 2 year olds and adolescents and adults • Describe and explain the effects of destroyed myelin sheaths • State 4 functions of glial cells •
Describe the role of neurotransmitters
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State 3 structures with which neurones connect with and where
this occurs •
Describe the process of chemical transmission at a synapse using the following key words: vesicles, synaptic cleft, receptors,
impulse, diffuse, nerve endings •
State how neurotransmitters can be removed
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Explain the need to remove these neurotransmitters
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State the 2 types of signals
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State the structure which determines the type of signal
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Describe what is meant by weak stimuli
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State the structure which filters out weak stimuli
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Describe what is meant by summation
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State what is meant by a ‘converging’ neural pathway
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State what is meant by a ‘diverging’ neural pathway
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State what is meant by a ‘reverberating’ neural pathway
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Identify the above pathways in a diagram
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State what is meant by plasticity of response
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State 3 occasions when plasticity of response would occur
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Lesmahagow High School Higher Human Biology Unit 3 – Neurobiology and Communication - Learning Outcomes Key Area 3 – The cells of the nervous system and neurotransmitters at synapses (CONTINUED) •
State the role of endorphins
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State 4 ways endorphin levels in the body can be increased
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State 3 effects increased levels of endorphins can have on the
body •
State what is meant by the reward pathway
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Describe dopamine’s role in the reward pathway.
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Name 2 neurotransmitter related disorders
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Describe how agonists, antagonists and other drugs (inhibitors) work when treating neurotransmitter related disorders
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State the type of drugs that can alter a person’s neurochemistry
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State the 4 ways in which use of recreational drugs can alter a person’s neurochemistry.
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State 4 ways recreational drugs can effect neurotransmitter action
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State the link between recreational drugs and the reward circuit
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Describe what is meant by sensitisation and what it can lead to
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Describe what is meant by desensitisation and what it can lead to
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Lesmahagow High School Higher Human Biology Unit 3 – Neurobiology and Communication - Learning Outcomes Key Area 4 – Communication and Social Behaviour
State the name of the experiment which determines infant
attachment
State the age when attachment becomes evident
Describe the responses of a child who has secure attachment (description should include the entry and exit of mother and stranger)
Describe the responses of a child who has insecure attachment (description should include the entry and exit of mother and stranger)
Explain why early infant attachment is important
Explain the importance of a human’s long period of dependency on adults
Describe the link between parental control as children develop and the child’s social competence as an adult
Name the 2 types of communication
Give examples of non-verbal communication
Explain the importance of non-verbal communication
State 2 further functions of non-verbal communication
State 3 important features of verbal communication
Describe the importance of language and the use of symbols
State what is meant by learning
Explain how a motor pathway can be established
State 2 ways human behaviour may be learned
State what is meant by ‘trial and error’
State 3 techniques which can be seen in the trial and error process
State what is meant by: o Reinforcement o Shaping o Extinction
State what is meant by: o Generalisation o Discrimination
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Lesmahagow High School Higher Human Biology Unit 3 – Neurobiology and Communication - Learning Outcomes
State what is meant by:
o Social facilitation o De-individuation o Internalisation o Identification
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