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Chapter 1: Health Psychology: Setting the Stage
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Add Question Here Multiple Choice
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Question Health psychologists are most likely to define health as: Answer
the absence of disease spiritual balance mental, physical, spiritual, and psychological well-being a pulse rate of 120/50 and a heart rate of 55 beats per minute Add Question Here
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Question Every day, each of our behaviors can influence our health. Given the many components of being healthy, health is best conceptualized as: Answer
one-dimensional absolute a continuum unstable Add Question Here
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Question The WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as: Answer
a state of physical and social well-being a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being eating and sleeping well, and taking time to relax a transitional life experience Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following is not an element of culture? Answer
sex religion ethnicity none of these Add Question Here
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Question Culture is best defined as: Answer
a set of beliefs shared by a group race and ethnicity religion, family values, and race the values of our parents and family members Add Question Here
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Question Members of different cultures use different definitions of health, which in turn vary from place to place. This highlights the importance of studying the general concept of: Answer
religion context geography psychology Add Question Here
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Question Which of these circumstances is related to a higher occurrence of most chronic and infectious disorders? Answer
sex socioeconomic status race ethnicity Add Question Here
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Question The Green physician best known for dissections and providing us with anatomy data was:
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Answer
Plato Galen Hippocrates Aginostophenes Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following is the primary focus of health psychology? Answer
health promotion and maintenance and preventing and treating illness etiology and correlates of health and illness revising the health care system finding the cure for disease like HIV and cancer Add Question Here
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Question _____ refers to the number of cases of a disease that exist at some given point in time. _____ refers to the number of deaths due to particular causes. Answer
morbidity; mortality mortality; morbidity epidemiology;pathogenesis etiology; epidemiology Add Question Here
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Question _____ and _____ are related to socioeconomic status and higher rates of nearly all major causes of mortality and morbidity. Answer
acute disorders, stress diseases; stress diseases, acute disorders pneumonia, diabetes; diabetes, pneumonia hereditary disorders, accidents; accidents, hereditary disorders chronic illnesses, infectious diseases; infectious diseases, chronic illnesses Add Question Here
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Question In studying about cultural differences in health, we should remember that: Answer
in-group differences and between-group differences both occur between-group differences are often greater than between group differences. racial differences outweigh all other cultural differences most cultural differences are insignificant from a global level Add Question Here
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Question The major approach used by health psychologists is the: Answer
biomedical model psychosocial model biosocial model biopsychosocial model Add Question Here
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Question As far as we know, history suggests that our ancestors considered the mind and body to: Answer
be one be separate be connected part of the spirit Add Question Here
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Question Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has the following understanding of health: Answer
eat and drink and equal among of hot and cold qualities the way you live your life should have both hot and cold qualities both a and b none of the above Add Question Here
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Question The father of Western medicine is: Answer
Galen Socrates Plato Hippocrates Add Question Here
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Question The first psychologist to link illness with psychological causes is: Answer
Freud Dunbar Alexander Wundt Add Question Here
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Question Helen Dunbar and Franz Alexander were instrumental in establishing the earliest organization to study psychological determinants on health. It is called: Answer
Health Psychology Society for Behavioral Medicine Psychosomatic Medicine American Psychosomatic Association Add Question Here
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Question The study of the frequency, distribution, and causes of different disease is known as: Answer
epidemiology medical sociology medical anthropology biopsychometrics Add Question Here
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Question _____ are most likely to consider health and medical care within the context of cultural systems. Answer
Health psychologists Medical anthropologists Cultural anthropologists Cultural psychologists Add Question Here
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Question Health psychology is best described as an interdisciplinary subdiscipline of psychology primarily focused on: Answer
treating illness promoting health discovering causes of illness aiding recovery from illness Add Question Here
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Question The organization formed to focus on health psychology is: Answer
Health Psychology Association Society of Behavioral Medicine Psychosomatic Medicine American Psychological Association Add Question Here
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Question When we define our culture, our views of ourselves reside at different levels of conscious awareness. This is the definition for: Answer
exposure to culture level of analysis cultural impact attitudes Add Question Here
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Question Culture is commonly thought to be: Answer
sex religion gender ethnicity Add Question Here
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Question The best indicator of an individual’s health is the extent to which they: Answer
smoke tobacco drink alcoholic beverages are physically active follow general healthy behaviors Add Question Here
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Question One of the earliest psychologists to write about spirituality, health, and psychology was: Answer
Freud James Wundt Dunbar Add Question Here
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Question One of the strongest cultural determinants of health beliefs and behaviors (e. g. eating) is: Answer
sex ethnicity gender religion Add Question Here
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Question One of the most important aspects of culture is socioeconomic status (SES). SES is commonly measured by: Answer
family income, parental education and occupational status an individual’s age, sex, and family size age, income and place of residence social and economic skills, and level of education Add Question Here
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Question The most basic form of research assessing the association between two variables is known as: Answer
experimental random retrospective coefficient Add Question Here
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Question Which is the strongest correlation listed? Answer
.34 .56 -.23 -.76 Add Question Here
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Question Experiments are powerful and help determine cause because the experimenter manipulates a variable between groups holding other factors constant. This manipulated variable is the: Answer
independent variable dependent variable extraneous variable control variable Add Question Here
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Question Sometimes we cannot manipulate some of the variables we are most interested in (e.g., having cancer). We use naturally occurring groups. This form of research is known as: Answer
correlational quasi-experimental clinical trials controlled trials Add Question Here
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Question Inactive substances similar to the experimental drugs given to test the power of expectations are called: Answer
controls distracters placebos dependent variables Add Question Here
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Question The proportion of the population that has a particular disease at a particular time gives: Answer
mortality morbidity prevalence rate incidence rate Add Question Here
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Question The frequency of new cases of a disease during a year is known as: Answer
mortality morbidity prevalence rate incidence rate Add Question Here
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Question Studies that follow a group of people for a number of years to determine whether certain variables predict disease are called: Answer
longitudinal prospective retrospective cross-sectional Add Question Here
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Question One of the most common subject variables in psychological research is: Answer
personality age ethnicity health behaviors Add Question Here
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Question Studies where one group gets an experimental drug and another gets a placebo are called: Answer
randomized clinical trials correlational studies quasi-experimental studies longitudinal studies Add Question Here
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Question An experiment is being conducted to determine the effects of caffeine intake on student performance. One group is made to drink 5 cups of coffee, the other group drinks 1 cup of coffee. They then take the exam. The independent variable is _____. Answer
the amount of caffeine consumed. the group membership. how alert the students are during the exam. the students performance on the exam. Add Question Here
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Question This is one critical factor in a research study that can make previously insignificant changes significant: Answer
ethical use of participants funding sources researcher credibility increasing the sample size Add Question Here
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Question Researchers select individuals who are HIV positive, and those who are not HIV positive, and train both in a certain form of coping. After a year, their health and well-being are compared and measured. This design is most likely a(n): Answer
correlation experiment retrospective quasi-experiment Add Question Here
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Question When the three main biological units, enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions, are in harmonious condition and when the mind and senses are cheerful, this would best describe this medicine system: Answer
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Western style medicine traditional Navajo medicine Ayurveda Add Question Here
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Question Psychosomatic medicine studies: Answer
the advances of holistic medicine. behavioral medicine. sleep disorders. the influence of mind on health. Add Question Here
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Question What region of the United States has a higher incidence of smoking? Answer
Upper New York Midwest Southern California and Arizona Kentucky and Virginia Add Question Here
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Question The analytical research question whether men or women have a higher occurrence of heart attacks is called: Answer
regression analysis cross-sectional absolute risk odds ratio Add Question Here
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Question The “state in which disease is absent” is a common definition for: Answer
Ayurveda. Western medical circles. curanderos. biopsychosocial approach Add Question Here
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Question According to the National Center for Health Statistics, in the year 2000, which group of individuals ranked at the top for causes of death that included homicide, heart disease and cancer? Answer
Latinos and Latinas African Americans Asians Caucasians Add Question Here
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Question People may smoke due to: Answer
pressure from their social networks for psychological stress reduction personality traits all of the above Add Question Here
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Question What are the benefits of using a peer reviewed article for research? Answer
You can learn about different cultures. You will be a better consumer of science. It is not a benefit, and one should use other media outlets to keep up on more up-to-date events.. You will save money in your research. Add Question Here
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Question Regarding the culture of religion: of the 302 million Americans accounted for in the last United States census, the top three specified religions of those individuals, with the highest percentage listed first is: Answer
Christian, Jewish, Muslim Christian, Muslim, Jewish Catholic, Protestant, Jewish Christian, no affiliation, Jewish Add Question Here
True/False
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Question The answer to “are you healthy” can vary according to how old you are, what your parents and friends think constitutes health, and what your religious or ethnic background is, and what a variety of other factors indicate about you. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question According to the chart “Regarding Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Blacks and Whites for Three Causes of Death, and Racial Disparities, 1950-2000,” in the year 2000 African Americans (indicated as “blacks”) are at a higher risk for death from heart disease than Caucasians (indicated as “whites”). Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Traditional Mexican American patients may go to a Western doctor to cure a biological problem but only curanderos, or healers, can be trusted to cure spiritual problems. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Ayurveda is an ancient Native American system of medicine that focuses on the body, the sense organs, the mind and the soul. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Native Americans draw distinctions between physical, spiritual, and social entities, and especially draw distinctions between religion and medicine. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Leonardo Da Vinci, an Italian artist during the Renaissance, was able to draw detailed diagrams of the human body due, in part, to the encouragement of the Roman Catholic Church for scientists and artists of that era to perform dissections. This is one example of the spiritual/physical connectiveness of Health Psychology. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Morbidity is defined as the number of deaths related to a specific cause. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Health psychology is different from other psychology fields in that is does not need to rely firmly on the scientific method. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Regarding research and the change in statistics: all change in the data is statistically significant, and all statistically significant change is meaningful change. Answer
True False Add Question Here
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Question Because using naturally occurring groups is not a perfect experiment, such designs are referred to as quasi-experimental designs, and the independent variables are called subject variables. Answer
True False Add Question Here
Essay
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Question This question concerns cross-cultural definitions of health. Define, compare and contrast Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurveda. Answer Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): ancient health belief that health is the balance of yin and yang, two complementary forces in the universe. Yin and yang are the two complementary forces in the universe (Kaptuchuk, 2000). Yin and yang are often translated into hot and cold, referring to qualities and not temperatures. To be healthy, what you eat and drink and the way you live your life should have equal amounts of hot qualities and cold qualities. Ayurveda: “Knowledge of Life,”an ancient system of medicine focuses on the body, the sense organs, the mind and the soul. Three main biological units, enzymes, tissues, and excretory functions, are in harmonious condition and when the mind and sense are cheerful”(Chopra & Doiphode, 2002; Kash, Junius, & Dash, 1997). Balancing hot and cold is another critical element. Compare: both ancient medicines, both are about balancing hot and cold elements, both are about the notion of basic elements. Contrast: TCM is about balance of yin and yang, and is ancient Chinese medicine. Ayurveda is about balance of mind, body and soul, and is ancient East Indian medicine. Add Question Here Essay
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Question Regarding the definition regarding culture: answer the social psychologist test question “Who am I?” Please include at least five different definitions of culture within your answer. Answer Answer should include five answers that can be included under these topics: ethnicity, race, religion, age, sex, family values, the region of the country, physical or psychological conditions (such as being deaf or hard of hearing, or having the condition of Cerebral Palsy for two examples), gender or sexual orientation, marital status, or other topics that you emphasis or teach in your class.
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Add Question Here Essay
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Question How does socioeconomic status (SES) affect the health of individuals? Answer Poverty and illness go together, often linked by factors such as access to health care and insurance. The cultural makeup of who is poor is changing. Disparity in poverty rates of European Americans and other ethnic groups have dropped 23% overall, and such changes can influence usage of health services and other health factors (Wollman, Yoder, Brumbabugh-Smith, & Haynes, 2007). Socioeconomic status is related to a higher occurrence of most chronic and infectious disorders and to higher rates of nearly all major causes of mortality and morbidity (Adler, Boyce, Chesney, Folkman, & Syme, 1993). The more money you have, the better your health. Add Question Here Essay
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Question What is Health Psychology, in particular the subdivision of the American Psychological Association (APA Division 38) dedicated to? Answer 1. Advancing the contributions of psychology to the understanding of health and illness through basic and clinical research. 2. Encouraging the integration of biomedical information about health and illness with current psychological knowledge. 3. Promoting education and services in the psychology of health and illness. 4. Informing the psychological and biomedical community and the general public about the results of current research and service activities in this area (APA, 2001). Add Question Here Essay
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Question Compare and contrast the beliefs and values of traditional Mexican American and most Native American tribes concerning health care. Answer Mexican American: both natural biological causes and spiritual causes for illness(Trotter & Chavira, 1997). Mexican American patients may go to a Western doctor to cure a biological problem, only curanderos, or healers, can be trusted to cure spiritual problems. Beliefs include the balance of body types and energies. Many Native American tribes (especially the Navajo) strive to achieve a balance between human beings and the spiritual world (Alvord & Van Pelt, 2000). The trees, animals, earth and sky and the winds are all players in life. Beliefs include spiritual, mental and physical harmony, and harmony with nature. Add Question Here
