Internal
HSDPA Principles and configuration BSC6810V200R011
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Main features RAN5.0 HSDPA Phase 1
RAN5.1 HSDPA Phase 2
RAN6 HSDPA Phase 3
RAN10
Max rate 1.8Mbps/user
Max rate 3.6Mbps/user
Max rate 7.2Mbps/user
Max rate 14.4Mbps/user
Max user no. 16/cell Basic admission control
Max user no. 64/cell CAC/LDR/Schedule based on GBR RNC controlled dynamic code allocation
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HSDPA over Iur NodeB-controlled dynamic code allocation
SRB over HSPA
Multi RAB（1CS + 2PS)
VOIP over HSPA
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Upon completion of this course, you will be
able to: Relevant principles of HSDPA Features of HSDPA Relevant data configuration of HSDPA
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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin
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Introduction Higher downlink peak transmission rate: up to 14.4 Mbit/s More efficient downlink codes and power utilization: for macro
cell coverage, the capacity is 50% higher; for micro cell coverage, the capacity is 200%–300% or higher
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Realization of the HSDPA UTRAN side:
MAC-hs and HSDPA physical layer processing HS-DSCH FP between the SRNC, CRNC, and NodeB for user plane data transmission CN side:
PS domain needs to support higher rate of service assignment and user plane transmission and switching DTCH
DTCH
DCCH
MAC-d
DCCH
MAC-d
MAC-hs
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH FP
HS-DSCH FP
PHY
PHY
TNL
TNL
UE
Uu
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NodeB
Iub
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CRNC/SRNC
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MAC_hs MAC-d flows MAC-hs
Scheduling/Priority handling Priority Queue distribution
Priority Queue
Priority Queue
Priority Queue distribution
Priority Queue
Priority Queue
MAC – Control
HARQ entity
TFRC selection
Associated Uplink Signalling
HS-DSCH
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Associated Downlink Signalling
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MAC_hs Flow Control:
This function is intended to limit layer 2 signalling latency and reduce discarded and retransmitted data as a result of HS-DSCH congestion. Flow control is provided independently by MAC-d flow for a given MAC-hs entity. Scheduling/Priority Handling:
This function manages HS-DSCH resources between HARQ entities and data flows according to their priority. Based on status reports from associated uplink signalling either new transmission or retransmission is determined. Further it determines the Queue ID and TSN for each new MAC-hs PDU being serviced. A new transmission can be initiated instead of a pending retransmission at any time to support the priority handling. HARQ:
One HARQ entity handles the hybrid ARQ functionality for one user. One HARQ entity is capable of supporting multiple instances (HARQ process) of stop and wait HARQ protocols. There shall be one HARQ process per HS-DSCH per TTI. TFRC selection:
Selection of an appropriate transport format and resource for the data to be transmitted on HS-DSCH HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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HSDPA Physical Channel HS-PDSCH: High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
The HS-PDSCH is used to carry downlink service data. The spreading factor of the HS-PDSCH can be 16 only. Each cell can provide at most 15 HS-PDSCHs whose codes must be continuous.
When a cell provides 15 HS-PDSCHs, the maximum rate reaches 14.4 Mbit/s. The HS-PDSCH adopts the QPSK or 16QAM modulation mode
In RAN11 supporting HSPA+, 64QAM/MIMO is supported
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HSDPA Physical Channel HS-SCCH: High Speed Shared Control Channel
The HS-SCCH carries downlink control information. It is used to notify the UE of the information about the HS-PDSCH, including modulation mode, size of a transmission block, version redundant information, UE ID and HS-PDSCH channel code. HS-SCCH is aligned with the PCCPCH in timing and keeps fixed time offset with the HS-PDSCH. Its spreading factor is fixed as 128 and QPSK is the only modulation mode. The number of HS-SCCHs (128 at most) and the channel codes in the cell are decided by RNC, which notifies NodeB through the NBAP signaling message. The UE can detect one to four HS-SCCHs specified by the NodeB at one time
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HSDPA Physical Channel HS-DPCCH: High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel
The HS-DPCCH is used to carry the uplink feedback information related to the downlink HS-PDSCH, including ACK/NACK and CQI. The spreading factor of the HS-DPCCH is fixed as 256. T slot = 2560 chips
2Tslot = 5120 chips
HARQ-ACK
CQI
One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
Subframe #0
Subframe #i
Subframe #4
One radio frame Tf = 10 ms
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SRB over HSPA F-DPCH The F-DPCH carries control information generated at layer 1 (TPC
commands). It is a special case of the downlink DPCCH. The following figure shows the frame structure of the F-DPCH. Each frame of length 10 ms is split into 15 slots, each of length timeslot
= 2560 chips, corresponding to one power-control period. 512 chips (Tx OFF)
TPC NTPC bits
(Tx OFF)
Tslot = 2560 chips
Slot #0
Slot #1
Slot #i
Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Figure 12B: Frame structure for F-DPCH
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SRB over HSPA F-DPCH Through time division multiplexing of one SF256 F-DPCH channel
code by multiple UEs, the channel code resources and power resources of a cell can be saved, and the system capacity can be improved. Each UE occupies only one symbol in each slot to carry the TPC
command. The Pilot domain and TFCI are removed. P-CCPCH frame TPC
offset（256chip） UE1 0
TPC TPC
TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC
TPC
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TPC
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UE2
1
UE3
2
UE4
3
UE5
4
UE6
5
UE7
6
UE8
7
UE9
8
UE10
9
HSDPA Channel Mapping HS-DSCH: High Speed Downlink Shared Channel Traffic classes supported by the HS-DSCH Traffic classes
Streaming
Interactive Background
Description The switch [PS_STREAMING_ON_HSDPA_SWITCH] decides the streaming service on the HS-DSCH. When the switch is on, the streaming service is mapped to the HSDSCH. When the switch is off, the streaming service is mapped to the DPCH. The generic term for these two services is BE service. The BE services are mapped to the HS-DSCH whenever possible.
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: HspaSwitch=PS_STREAMING_ON_E_DCH_SWITCH1&PS_STREAMING_ON_HSDPA_SWITCH-1; SET FRC: UlStrThsOnHsupa=D32, UlBeTraffThsOnHsupa=D64;
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HS-DSCH Mapping to HSDPA channel
F-DPCH
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HSPDA Physical Channel Timing Relationship
10 ms
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0
P-CCPCH
Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2)=1
3 slots = 2 ms
HS-SCCH Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4 3 slots = 2 ms
Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
HS-PDSCH 2 slots
15 slots = 10 ms
Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot
DPCH
DPCH
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HSDPA Key Technology 2 ms TTI Link adaptation through HARQ AMC in the physical layer Mac-hs scheduling
HSDPA flow control
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HSDPA Key Technology 2 ms TTI
Faster data scheduling Faster data transmission Shorter delay
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HSDPA Key Technology HARQ Technology:
the HARQ is combination of the Forward Error Correction (FEC) and ARQ Coding combination
Description
Comparison
Chase Combining
Retransmit the same bit set
Increment Redundancy
Retransmit different bit sets
The second mode is better in that the combination of the retransmitted bit set and the former bit set raises the redundant data and the possibility of recovery from errors at the air interface.
Every HSDPA user has an HARQ entity on both the UE and NodeB sides, each having up to six HARQ processes. HS-SC
HS-SC HS-PDS
HS-PDS
HARQ process 1
12ms or more HS-SC
HS-SC
HS-PDS
HS-PDS
HARQ process 2
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12ms or more
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HSDPA Key Technology AMC Technology:
The UE reports the CQI to the NodeB through the HS-DPCCH and the NodeB selects coding rate and modulation mode according to the radio environment indicated by the CQI The condition of the radio environment Good ( The UE is near the NodeB) Poor (The UE is at the boarder of the cell or there is a sever attenuation)
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Modulation and rate High order modulation (for example, 16QAM/64QAM)
Result
High peak rate
High coding rate Low order modulation (for example, QPSK)
High communication quality
Low coding rate
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HSDPA Key Technology HSDPA Scheduling Algorithm : Algorithm
Description
Max C/I
Allocates resources to the UE with the best channel conditions at each TTI, maximizing the cell throughput.
Round Robin
Allocates resources to the UE with the longest waiting time, Users’ time fairness is guaranteed but the cell throughput is low.
Proportional Fair (PF)
Allocates resources to the UE according to the radio condition and the achieved data rate. The higher the CQI is, the more the opportunity of the user being scheduled. The lower the achieved data rate is, the more the user can be scheduled. The PF scheduling algorithm is a trade-off between the fairness and the cell throughput.
EPF
Guarantees the GBR requirement of the streaming service and the BE service. The GBR of BE service is configured by RNC LMT and NodeB LMT, which means that if the BE service achieve the GBR, the BE user is satisfied.
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HSDPA Key Technology HSDPA Scheduling Algorithm :
MML Commands: NodeB Side SET MACHSPARA: SM=EPF;; SET MACHSSPIPARA:; RNC side SET USERPRIORITY SET SCHEDULEPRIOMAP:; SET USERGBR:;
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HSDPA Flow Control HS-DSCH Capacity Request
The HS-DSCH Capacity Request procedure provides means for the CRNC to request HS-DSCH capacity by indicating the user buffer size in the CRNC for a given priority level
bit7
bit 0
Number of Octets
SRNC
Node B
Spare bits 7-4 CAPACITY REQUEST
CmCH-PI
User Buffer Size User Buffer Size (cont) Spare Extension
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1 1 Payload 1 0-32
HSDPA Flow Control HS-DSCH Capacity Allocation procedure
It may be generated either in response to a HS-DSCH Capacity Request or at any other time 0
7 Spare bits 7-4
CmCH-PI
Maximum MAC-d PDU Length SRNC
Node B
Maximum MAC-d PDU Length (cont)
CAPACITY ALLOCATION
HS-DSCH Credits
HS-DSCH Credits (cont) HS-DSCH Interval HS-DSCH Repetition Period Spare Extension
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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10 Flow control is implemented in both RNC and NodeB
On the NodeB, use adaptive flow control and traffic shaping to avoid congestion on the Iub interface. On the RNC, use VP shaping and backpressure to avoid congestion on the Iub interface.
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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10 Flow control in NodeB
Bandwidth allocation for UE queues
− A NodeB allocates the bandwidth on the Iub interface for each MAC-hs queue according to the buffering status of the queue and the rate on the Uu interface. − If the queue lacks data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is higher than the rate on the Uu interface. − If the queue contains sufficient data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is close to the rate on the Uu interface. − If the queue contains excessive data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is lower than the rate on the Uu interface.
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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10 Flow control in NodeB
Traffic shaping on Iub interface
− During bandwidth allocation, guaranteed bit rate (GBR) UEs are preferred. Then, the remaining bandwidth is allocated according to the UE priority, that is, SPI weight proportionally − When there is a severe lack of bandwidth, and the bandwidth cannot meet requirements of all the GBR UEs, the GBR UEs with high priority are preferred
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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10 Flow control in NodeB
Adaptive flow control on Iub interface
− If the frame loss rate in the HS-DSCH is beyond the threshold, or the jitter of the HS-DSCH frames within a period of time exceeds the delay threshold, the bandwidth for the HSDPA service on the Iub interface is reduced. − If the frame loss rate in the HS-DSCH is lower than the threshold, or the jitter of the HS-DSCH frames within a period of time is lower than the delay threshold, the bandwidth for the HSDPA service on the Iub interface is increased
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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10 Flow control in NodeB
MML Commands:
− SET HSDPAFLOWCTRLPARA: SWITCH=BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE
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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10 Flow control in RNC
VP shaping and backpressure
− Flow control and backpressure based on RLC retransmission rate − VP backpressure on virtual port in RNC of V210 and V110 − MML commands: ▪ SET PORTFLOWCTRLSWITCH ▪ ADD VP
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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin
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HSDPA resource allocation CRNC
Node B PHYSICAL SHARED CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION REQUEST
PHYSICAL SHARED CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE
IE/Group Name
Presence
HS-PDSCH and HSSCCH Total Power
O
HS-PDSCH and HSSCCH Scrambling Code
Range
DL Scrambling Code 9.2.2.13
O
HS-PDSCH FDD Code Information HS-SCCH FDD Code Information
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IE Type and Reference Maximum Transmission Power9.2.1.40
0..1
9.2.2.18F
0..1
9.2.2.18G
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Semantics Description Maximum transmission power.to be allowed for HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH codes Scrambling code on which HSPDSCH and HS-SCCH is transmitted. 0= Primary scrambling code of the cell 1…15 = Secondary scrambling code
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User HSDPA channel setup HSDPA channel setup procedure is the same as DCH setup，only the
signaling contains IE for HSDPA channel。 UE
UTRAN RADIO BEARER SETUP
RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE
CRNC
Node B
RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE
RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY
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HSDPA channel setup signaling examples (over Iur) Node B
UE
Drift RNC
Serving RNC 1. RL Reconfig Prepare
RNSAP
RNSAP
2. RL Reconfig Prepare NBAP
NBAP 3. RL Reconfig Ready
NBAP
NBAP 4. RL Reconfig Ready RNSAP
RNSAP
5. RL Reconfig Commit
RNSAP
RNSAP
6. RL Reconfig Commit NBAP
NBAP
ALCAP Iub Trans. Bearer Setup
ALCAP Iur Trans. Bearer Setup
7. DCCH: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration RRC
RRC 8. DCCH: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
RRC
RRC 10. HS-DSCH Capacity Request HS-DSCH-FP
9. HS-DSCH Capacity Request HS-DSCH-FP
11. HS-DSCH Capacity Alloc HS-DSCH-FP
HS-DSCH FP
12. HS-DSCH Capacity Alloc. HS-DSCH-FP
HS-DSCH-FP
13. Data transfer
15. Shared control channel MAC-hs
MAC-hs
16. Data transfer
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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin
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HSDPA Power Allocation In v1.8
The MML command is:ADD CELLHSDPA: HspaPower=430; The power allocated for HSPA channels cannot exceed the value of HspaPower, the downlink channel includes the HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, E-AGCH, E-RGCH and E-HICHl. In V2.10
The MML command is ADD CELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Manual, HspaPower=0, CodeAdjForHsdpaSwitch=ON;;
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HSDPA Power Allocation HSDPA Dynamic Power Resources Allocation
Except reserving for the common channels, the rest power resources of the cell are allocated dynamically between the DPCH and HSPA DL physical channels. After allocating power to DPCH and E-HICH , EAGCH, E-RGCH, the rest power is allocated to HS-SCCH and HSPDSCH. The power allocated for HSPA cannot exceed the value of the HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, E-AGCH, E-RGCH and E-HICH Total Power. MML Commands: − ADD CELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Manual, HspaPower=0; − SET MACHSPARA: PWRMGN=10; (NodeB)
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HSDPA Codes Allocation V1.7
Static Allocation RNC controlled dynamic alloction
V1.8 and V2.10 Static allocation RNC-controlled dynamic allocation NodeB-controlled dynamic allocation
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HSDPA Codes Allocation HSDPA Codes Allocation
Static Allocation − In static allocation, the RNC reserves some codes for the HSPDSCH. The DPCH and other common channels use the rest
Code reserved for common channel
Codes available for DPCH
Codes reserved for HS-PDSCH
SF=16
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HSDPA Codes Allocation SF=256 SF=128 ┏━●C(256,0): PCPICH ┏ 0 ┫ SF=64 ┃ ┗━●C(256,1): PCCPCH ┏ 0 ┫ ┃ ┃ ┏━●C(256,2): AICH ┃ ┗ 1 ┫ SF=32 ┃ ┗━●C(256,3): PICH ┏ 0 ┫ SF=16 ┃ ┗ ●C(64,1):SCCPCH 1 ┏ 0 ┫ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┏ ●C(64,2):SCCPCH 2 ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┗ 1 ┫ SF=8 ┃ ┃ ┏━●C(128,6):HS-SCCH 1 ┏ 0 ┫ ┗ 3 ┫ SF=4 ┃ ┗━○1 ┃ ┏ 0 ┫ ┗━●C(128,7):HS-SCCH 2 ┃ ┗ ○1 ┃ ┗━○1
Static Allocation example
suppose RNC is configured with:
2 HS-SCCH 2 HS-PDSCH
┏━○2 ┃ ┃ ┃ ┗━ 3
┏ ○6 ┃ SF=16 ┃ ┏ ●C(16,14):HS-PDSCH 2 ┫ ┃ ┗ 7 ┫ ┗ ●C(16,15):HS-PDSCH 1
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● CCH ● HSDPA ○ DCH
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HSDPA Codes Allocation RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation
In the RNC-controlled dynamic allocation, the RNC adjusts the reserved HS-PDSCH codes according to the real-time usage status of the codes Configure the maximum and minimum numbers of codes available for HS-PDSCH on the RNC OMC.The codes between the two parameters are called shared codes
Code reserved for common channel
Shared codes
SF=16 Min number of codes
Max number of codes Codes available for DPCH
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Codes reserved for HS- PDSCH
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HSDPA Codes Allocation RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation
Extending the codes reserved for the HS-PDSCH − If in cell's code tree there is at least one code can be reserved and this code's SF is equal to or less than the Cell SF reserved threshold, NodeB will try to increase HS-PDSCH code number.
Code reserved for common channel +HS-SCCH
Shared codes
SF=16
RNC extends the codes reserved for HS-PDSCH
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HSDPA Codes Allocation RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation
Reducing the codes reserved for HS-PDSCH − When allocating the code resources triggered by radio link setup, the RNC will reallocate one of the shared codes reserved for HS-PDSCH to DPCH if the minimum SF among free codes is larger than the Cell SF reserved threshold.
Code reserved for common channel +HS-SCCH
Shared codes
SF=16
RNC reduces the codes reserved for HS-PDSCH
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HSDPA Codes Allocation RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation
In v1.7, the Cell SF reserved threshold is configure with command: − ADD CELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Automatic, RevSFThd=SF16;
In v1.8 and V2.10, the Cell SF reserved threshold is configure with command: − ADD CELLLDR: CellSfResThd=SF16;
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HSDPA Codes Allocation NodeB-Controlled Dynamic Allocation
NodeB-controlled dynamic allocation allows the NodeB to use the HSPDSCH codes that are statically allocated by the RNC. Besides, the NodeB can dynamically allocate the idle codes of the current cell to the HS-PDSCH channel SET MACHSPARA: DYNCODESW=OPEN; This codes allocation has better performance then RNC controlled dynamic code allocation, so it is recommended to open this function and disable the RNC controlled allocation in RAN10 and later version
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HSDPA Cell Admission Control HSDPA UE Admission control
The admission decision based on the power resources The admission decision based on the Iub transmission resources The admission decision based on the number of UEs
Only all the 3 aspects passed, then the user may be admitted.
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HSDPA Cell Admission Control HSDPA UE Admission control
ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: NBMCacAlgoSwitch=HSDPA_ADCTRL1&HSUPA_ADCTRL-1&HSDPA_GBP_MEAS1&HSDPA_PBR_MEAS-1; ADD CELLCAC: CellId=65533, UlOtherThd=60, DlCellTotalThd=90, HsdpaStrmPBRThd=70, HsdpaBePBRThd=30, MaxHSDSCHUserNum=64;
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HSDPA Channel Switch Channel type transition after introducing the HSDPA UE state transition
Channel switching
CELL_DCH (with HS-DSCH) CELL_DCH
HS-DSCH DCH
CELL_DCH (with HS-DSCH) CELL_FACH
HS-DSCH FACH
Channel Switching between HS-DSCH and FACH
UE will be switched from the HS-DSCH to the FACH to reduce occupation of the DPCH when the following conditions are met. − The HS-DSCH carries the BE service or the PS streaming service for the UE. − There is no data flow of any of the services for a certain length of time, which is set to BE HS-DSCH to FACH transition timer for BE service or Realtime Traff DCH to FACH transition timer for realtime service When the data flow gets more active, the UE is switched from the FACH to the HSDSCH.
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HSDPA Channel Switch Channel Switching between HS-DSCH and DCH
The switching from DCH to HS-DSCH can be triggered by mobility management, the traffic volume or the timer. While the switching from HS-DSCH to DCH can only be triggered by mobility management − Triggered by mobility management − Triggered by traffic volume When the service is suitable to be carried on HSDPA and the UE supports HSDPA but the service is actually mapped onto the DCH (for some reasons such as the UE is rejected to access a HSDPA cell by CAC Algorithm). If the activity of the H UE that performs data services increases and the RNC receives the report of the 4a event, the H UE will try to switch from DCH to HS-DSCH
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HSDPA Channel Switch Channel Switching between HS-DSCH and DCH
− Triggered by timer When the service is suitable to be carried on HSDPA and the UE supports HSDPA but the service is actually mapped onto the DCH (for some reasons such as the UE is rejected to access a HSDPA cell by CAC Algorithm), a timer is used to periodical attempt to map the service onto the HS-DSCH. Firstly, attempt to map onto HS-DSCH of the current cell, if failed, then attempt to map onto HSDSCH of the inter-frequency blind handover cell with the same coverage. This timer length is set to H Retry timer length.
− SET COIFTIMER: HRetryTimerLen=10;
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HSDPA Mobility Management A UE may have two connections with the network after introducing the HSDPA
Connection
Handover A UE can keep only one HSDPA connection with the network at a time. The HSDPA handover includes:
HSDPA connection
Intra frequency handover Inter frequency handover Inter-rat handover
DPCH
Similar to the R99 system handover, the DPCH handover includes soft handover,
connection
hard handover and inter-RAT handover.
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HSDPA Mobility Management Intra frequency handover
For HSDPA connections, HS-DSCH does not support softhandover, usually the handover is a process of serving HSDPA cell change which is triggered by 1D event report. Inter frequency handover
Generally, the hard handover and the serving HSDPA cell change take place at the same time Inter system handover
The procedure is very similar to R99 service inter-rat handover. If the compressed mode is disabled by command: SET CMCF: HsdpaCMPermissionInd=FALSE;, then the UE should fall back to DCH and then make a 3G to 2G hard handover.
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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin
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Setup HSDPA Cell
DSP LICENSE:; to check the HSDPA service is enabled. Confirm that R99 cell has been configured by LST CELL:; On the basis of R99 cell data, setup HSDPA cell:
Execute MML command: “ADD CELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Automatic, CodeAdjForHsdpaSwitch=ON; ACT CELLHSDPA:; to activate the HSDPA function
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Increase AAL2Path for HSDPA Service In RAN10 and earlier version:
ADD AAL2PATH: PAT=HSPA_NRT; ADD IPPATH: TFT=HSPA_NRT; In RAN11
ADD IPPATH: ITFT=IUB, TRANST=IP, PATHT=AFxx/BE/EF ADD AAL2PATH: AAL2PATHT=HSPA/R99/SHARE
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