Exam Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) If an object were collected on Mars by the rover Curiosity, it would be considered a living organism if it ________. A) had metabolic activities and maintained homeostasis B) responded to environmental stimuli C) contained DNA and reproduced D) All of the above are true.
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2) Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living things? A) They contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. B) They have adaptive traits. C) They are composed of multiple cells. D) They respond to stimuli.
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3) You are classifying an organism and trying to determine to which domain it belongs. The organism is unicellular and was isolated from a very unusual environment. This organism probably belongs in which domain? A) Bacteria B) Eukarya C) Archaea D) None of the domains above is correct.
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4) A scientist discovers an unidentified organism that is composed of multiple cells and has a membrane-bound nucleus. Of the choices listed, the most likely classification would be ________. A) fungi B) Archaea C) Bacteria D) Any of the above could be correct.
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5) Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are called ________ because they lack a nucleus and internal compartments. A) molds B) protists C) eukaryotes D) prokaryotes
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6) Which of the following types of organisms are not composed of eukaryotic cells? A) protists B) plants C) fungi D) animals
6) E) bacteria
7) Cells that possess a nucleus and a membrane system that establishes internal compartments belong in which of the following groups? A) viruses B) Archaea C) eukaryotes D) Bacteria
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8) Which of the following levels of organization would a single-celled organism be excluded from? A) tissue B) cellular C) population D) molecular
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9) How does a population differ from an ecosystem? A) A population consists of all living organisms in an area, whereas an ecosystem consists of only one species. B) An ecosystem includes a community, whereas a population does not. C) A population consists of all living organisms in the area, whereas an ecosystem consists of all living and nonliving aspects of an area. D) An ecosystem and a population are identical; they are two terms for the same concept.
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10) Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed; however, rocks are components of ________. A) the population B) the ecosystem C) an organism D) the community
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11) Humans belong to which of the following domains? A) Eukarya B) vertebrates
11) C) Bacteria
D) Archaea
12) Which statement is incorrect? A) Only living things are composed of cells. B) Only living things can grow. C) Only living things maintain homeostasis. D) Only living things contain nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
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13) A statement such as ʺIf human body temperature increases to a certain level, then critical proteins will be denaturedʺ would most likely be associated with ________. A) inductive reasoning B) a conclusion C) a hypothesis D) deductive reasoning
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14) ʺAn athlete who uses dietary supplements will perform better than one who doesnʹt.ʺ This statement would be an example of which of the following? A) hypothesis B) theory C) inductive reasoning D) clinical trial
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15) Researchers testing new drugs usually give the drug to one group of people and give placebos, ʺsugar pills,ʺ to another group. The group receiving the placebo ________. A) constitutes the experimental group B) is a backup in case some of the people getting the drug drop out of the test C) is the control group D) is needed so that the test will be repeated enough times
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16) Which process used to solve problems in science involves accumulating facts through observation until the evidence leads to a general statement about nature? A) hypothesis B) inductive reasoning C) theory D) deductive reasoning
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17) In a double-blind experiment, ________. A) participants are randomly assigned to a control or experimental group B) All of the above are true. C) the researchers are unaware of which participants are in the experimental and control groups D) the participants are unaware of whether they are in the experimental or control groups because of the use of placebos
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18) The term ________ variable refers to one of two variables involved in an experiment, in which neither variable can be isolated as having an effect. A) blind B) statistical C) confounding D) multiple
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19) During phase I clinical trials, a new drug is tested ________. A) on thousands of human volunteers B) on fewer than 100 human volunteers C) on a few hundred human volunteers D) in an animal model
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20) A study shows that people who eat fish three times a week live longer. Based on this study, which of the following can you not conclude? A) Eating fish causes longer life. B) Fish is a healthy choice of food. C) There is a correlation between eating fish in the diet and the length of life. D) All of the above can be concluded based on this study.
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21) Information literacy involves the ability to ________. A) evaluate and apply information to a problem B) recognize what you need to know C) locate relevant information D) All of the above are correct.
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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 22) A(n) ________ group is treated like an experimental group, except for the one variable being tested.
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23) An educated guess or a testable statement used to answer a question about observations is referred to as a(n) ________.
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24) Traits that enable an organism to survive and reproduce in its natural environment are called ________.
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25) ________ reasoning involves gathering facts that lead toward a logical generalized statement or conclusion.
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26) A community and its physical environment are often referred to as a(n) ________.
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27) A(n) ________ is all of the species in an ecosystem that can interact in a geographic area.
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28) All individuals of a species that can interbreed in an area are called a(n) ________.
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29) A(n) ________ is a group of similar cells that perform the same function.
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30) A(n) ________ is a substance that appears to be identical to a drug being tested but has no known effect on the condition being studied.
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31) ________ is the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
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32) A(n) ________ involves drug testing on humans.
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33) The smallest functional unit of life is known as a(n) ________.
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34) The domain Eukarya has ________ kingdoms.
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MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. A) Theory 35) A nondrug substance made to look like a real drug.
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B) Homeostasis 36) The collection of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell. 37) A testable explanation for an observation. 38) A well-supported explanation for a particular scientific phenomenon. 39) A document that lists all potential negative effects of participation in a study. 40) These examine patterns within populations to find a correlation between a variable and its suspected effects.
36) C) Informed consent agreement D) Adaptive trait
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E) Ecosystem 38) F) Critical thinking G) Epidemiologic studies
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H) Placebo I) Hypothesis
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J) Metabolism
41) The process of evaluating evidence and its source carefully before drawing conclusions.
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42) Specific areas in which certain living organisms interact with their environment.
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43) The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
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44) A genetic trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
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ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 45) Explain how the destruction of the original tropical forests will affect the development of new medicines. 46) List and briefly explain the organization of life, beginning at the molecular level and continuing through the biosphere. 47) How can you test the following statement using the scientific methodology? ʺExam performance improves as the amount of sleep obtained the night before an exam increases.ʺ
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 48) My primary health care provider can be ________. A) a doctor, a nurse practitioner, or a physician assistant B) only an MD C) a health insurance company D) only a physician
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49) As a patient, you should ________. A) never ask questions B) develop health literacy C) accept all the decisions that medical professionals make D) not have a primary health care provider
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50) Your younger brother has cut himself with a rusty knife he found in the garden. The wound is not life threatening, but it is deep enough that it makes you concerned. You would ________. A) make an appointment with his physician B) take him to a DO C) take him to an ER D) make an appointment with his primary health care provider
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51) How do inpatients differ from outpatients? A) Inpatients are admitted to a hospital for at least one night. B) Inpatients have an infectious disease. C) Inpatients have internal pain, whereas outpatients have outside wounds. D) Inpatients cannot wait for a doctor patiently.
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52) When you chose your physician, it is important that ________. A) he or she be both an MD and a DO B) he or she have email and phone access 24/7 C) you feel comfortable with his or her style D) he or she work in a big hospital and not in private care
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53) You can receive public information about your physician from ________. A) the Federation of State Medical Boards B) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration C) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention D) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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54) If you are not satisfied with your physician, ________. A) you are allowed to find another one who better suits your needs B) your insurance company requires you to stay with him or her C) it is too late to find a new one, since you signed a contract D) you should go to the ER with every symptom
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55) For your first meeting with your physician, you should ________. A) prepare a list of medical questions and concerns B) make an extensive web search about your symptoms and bring printouts to your meeting C) bring prescribed medications only; your vitamins or over-the-counter pills do not matter D) always go alone, since confidential information is being discussed
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56) You can ask your doctor ________. A) whether your weight or blood pressure is in a healthy range B) what to do if you do not receive your test results C) whether your new medication will interact with any dietary supplements you are taking D) All of the above are true.
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57) It is your responsibility to ________. A) find a doctor you feel comfortable talking to B) read the label every time you open a new medication C) follow up if test results do not arrive D) All of the above are true.
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58) Your doctor recommends that you undergo a major surgery. You should ________. A) ignore his or her recommendation B) immediately make an appointment for the surgery C) seek a second opinion from another doctor D) visit the ER
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59) Your health care agent cannot ________. A) be an employee of the health care provider unless he or she is a member of your family B) be younger than 12 but older that 18 years old C) make health care decisions for you D) be any other person but your physician
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60) When you need to go to a hospital for a surgery, you should ________. A) relax and try to avoid asking questions B) go to a hospital that is known to have success in treating your medical condition C) pick the nearest hospital for convenience D) trust the nurses and doctors there, because medical errors in hospitals are very rare
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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 61) A(n) ________ can act as your legal representative and has the right to make health care decisions for you if your doctor decides you are unable to make them yourself.
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62) Doctors who pass an examination designed and administered by the specialty board are referred to as ________.
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63) At least 44,000 people die each year in the United States as a result of medical errors in hospitals. This number is ________ than number of deaths from car accidents every year.
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ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
64) Look at the label above. What is the name of your primary health care provider? 65) Look at the label above. What is the maximum time you should keep this medication? 66) You are a very healthy 23-year-old. You complete a health care proxy and name your 19-year-old brother as your health care agent. Can he be legally your health care agent? What will be his responsibilities? 67) A particular virus consists of only DNA and proteins. Viruses attach to the surface of a host cell and inject the viral DNA into the host. The host cell then copies the viral DNA and makes new viruses. Eventually, the host cell is killed, and the new viruses are released. These new viruses search for new hosts to continue the cycle. Identify and apply at least three characteristics of life to justify whether a virus is a living thing. 68) It is notoriously difficult to perform unbiased studies when human subjects are used. When governmental agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are trying to determine the validity of scientific claims, they very closely examine the methods used in the experiments. What are the three phases of clinical trial, and which one(s) must a drug pass in order to be sold in U.S. markets? 69) Lately, many claims concerning the health benefits of green tea have appeared in the news. Suppose you read a claim that says drinking green tea causes weight loss. The information provided states that participants were weighed at the beginning of the study, were then asked to drink 2 cups of green tea every day for 6 weeks, and finally were weighed at the end of the study. Participants who drank the tea for 6 weeks seemed to have lost some weight by the end of the study, so the researchers concluded that green tea is helpful for weight loss. This study has some obvious holes in it. Explain three things that could be done to improve the design of this study. Do not assume any information other that what has been provided.
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Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1
1) D 2) C 3) C 4) A 5) D 6) E 7) C 8) A 9) B 10) B 11) A 12) B 13) D 14) A 15) C 16) B 17) B 18) C 19) B 20) A 21) D 22) control 23) hypothesis 24) adaptive traits 25) Inductive 26) ecosystem 27) community 28) population 29) tissue 30) placebo 31) Homeostasis 32) clinical trial 33) cell 34) four 35) H 36) J 37) I 38) A 39) C 40) G 41) F 42) E 43) B 44) D 45) More than 25% of the prescription medicines in the United States contain chemicals that came from medically important plants. Important medicines, such as aspirin and digitalis, were discovered in plants that had been used as folk remedies. The majority of plant species are in tropical forests. Deforestation will result in the loss of many plant species, and humanity will have no way of knowing what potential new medicines are being destroyed.
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Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED1
46) Molecules exist in the cell, which is the basic unit of life, and cells can be arranged to form tissues, which in turn can form organs. Organs can be arranged into organ systems that carry out a particular physiological function. Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems make up an individual organism. A group of individuals of the same species in a given area form a population. Many populations in an ecosystem make up a community, and all living organisms and abiotic factors that support life on Earth form the biosphere. 47) The students should formulate a hypothesis, design an experiment that tests their hypothesis, have a control group, explain how they will collect data, and explain how they will analyze their data. 48) A 49) B 50) C 51) A 52) C 53) A 54) A 55) A 56) D 57) D 58) C 59) A 60) B 61) health care agent 62) board certified 63) lower 64) Dr. C. Jones 65) 3 years. The prescription fill date is 6/23/09, but the medication should not be used after 6/23/12; therefore, the medication has a 3-year shelf life. 66) Any person at least 18 years old can serve as your health care agent. Your agent, acting as your legal representative, will have the right to make health care decisions for you if your doctor decides you are unable to make them yourself. Such decisions include whether to have medical tests and treatments and when to start and stop treatments. 67) Whether a virus is a living thing is debatable. Students may argue that a virus is not alive because it does not reproduce on its own, it is not made of cells, etc. However, a student may argue in the other direction based on his or her interpretation of the characteristics of life. For example, the student might answer that viruses do reproduce by coercing their host cells into copying their contents. 68) Phase I tests whether the drug is safe for humans, determines the effective dosage range, and identifies side effects Phase II tests whether the drug works for its intended purpose. Phase III tests how the drug compares to already existing, available treatments. A drug needs to pass all three phases to be approved by the FDA. 69) The student can suggest that a control group be used and/or that placebos be used. Also, the study could be double blind.
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