6e6 CLS 2 RSIP

Communal Land Support (CLS) Sub-activity Registration Strategy & Implementation Plan (RSIP) 20th December 2010 Commissi...

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Communal Land Support (CLS) Sub-activity Registration Strategy & Implementation Plan (RSIP) 20th December 2010

Commissioned by the Millennium Challenge Account Namibia with funding from the Millennium Challenge Corporation

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CBRLM CBO CLB CLRA CLS CSIP DCP dGPS GPS GTZ IS LDR MCA-N MCC M&E MLR MRLGHRD NCA NCLAS NPCS RA RIA RLP RLH RLPR RO RPRP RSIP RT TA TSIP

Community Based Rangeland and Livestock Management Community Based Organization Communal Land Board Communal Land Reform Act Communal Land Support Communication Strategy and Implementation Plan Data Collection Plan Differential GPS Global Positioning System Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)- International Services Land Dispute Register Millennium Challenge Account Namibia Millennium Challenge Corporation Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Lands and Resettlement Ministry of Regional, Local Government & Housing and Rural Development Northern Communal Area Northern Communal Land Administration System National Planning Commission Secretariat Registration Area Rangeland Intervention Area Relevant Land Parcel Relevant Land Holding Relevant Land Parcel Report Registration Officer Rural Poverty Reduction Programme Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan Registration Team Traditional Authority Training Strategy and Implementation Plan

Note:  In this report the term “Registration” is used in two different ways: In the strict sense of pure registration, not including “verification” or “investigation”, and in the broad sense including “verification” or “investigation” as a name for the process as a whole (in the absence of another term). In the latter sense it is used in “Registration Area” (RA), “Registration Team” (RT) and “Registration Officer” (RO).  The use of masculine pronouns includes the feminine throughout this report.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The CLS Project as a whole can be divided into three parts: Assessment, Planning and Implementation. Two assessments have already been finalized, namely the Relevant Land Parcel Report and the Capacity Assessment Report. The results of both assessments deliver the basis for the comprehensive planning of implementation of project activities, which is to be finalized by the end of November 2010. The integrated strategic planning consists of four complementary and mutually informing parts, reflecting the four main aspects of the project implementation, which will be successively, rolled out during 2011 and continued until the project is finalized in March 2014:    

Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan (RSIP) Communication Strategy and Implementation Plan (CSIP) Training Strategy and Implementation Plan (TSIP) Data Collection and Monitoring and Evaluation Plan (DCP)

The leading role is with the Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan, because basic decisions on objectives, methods, registration areas and the roll-out fall into its field of responsibility. Nevertheless, the CSIP, TSIP and DCP are designed to deliver substantial information to support the RSIP. The purpose of the RSIP is to develop a plan for implementation of a systematic process designed to identify and secure existing land rights in the Northern Communal Areas (NCAs) under the terms of the Communal Land Reform Act of 2002. It therefore develops the general methodology, roll-out and specific implementation plans for targeted registration areas, in order to identify, verify, register or investigate all existing land holdings in these areas. It also aims to support the development of mechanisms for the registration of group rights in order to promote the sustainable natural resource management of commonage areas for grazing, tourism and other purposes. This task will be carried out in specifically identified registration areas (RAs). For each political region of the NCA (excluding the Caprivi Region, which is not included in the project area), one registration area has been selected. The selection of registration areas focused on areas with substantial remaining commonage, preferably within the Rangeland Intervention Areas (RIAs) of the MCA’s sister project on Community Based Rangeland and Livestock Management (CBRLM). Most of the selected registration areas include conservancies and community forests, and they are generally situated in areas of low to medium density of land parcels, with substantial commonage worthy and susceptible of being preserved. The systematic implementation requires regional offices and extensive field work in the RAs, carried out by registration teams who will facilitate the registration process as a whole, in close collaboration with and in support of the Communal Land Boards, the Traditional Authorities (TAs) and the Ministry of Lands and Resettlement (MLR). The process will start with a public outreach campaign and the mobilization of the villagers, TAs and other stakeholders in the targeted communities (as described in the CSIP), accompanied by training sessions for the TAs, CLBs and MLR staff (as described in the TSIP), before the registration process itself begins. The registration process will comprise verification of land parcels, mainly by use of orthophotos, supported by field survey as appropriate, and followed by registration through the CLBs or further investigation in problematic cases, involving MLR.

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Whereas the process of individual land right registration was applied in different areas of NCA since 2008 and meanwhile appears to be well established, focussing on the commonage will require adjusting the registration approach. At this stage the approach will be as follows: The “standard procedures” of MLR for registration of individual land rights (all parcels within a constituency or part of it regardless of size) will be applied, but embedded in a more comprehensive land management and land administration approach, taking into account all existing boundaries regardless of whether they will be registered or not. This will establish the basis for delineation of land management units (i.e. for rangeland or tourism), clarification on the mutual relation of different existing land rights and the development of methods for registration of group rights in view of securing the identified commonage areas for sustainable methods of land management. This will contribute to sustaining and supporting the livelihood of those who are dependent on the commonage, which usually includes the poorest part of the rural population.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Background to the MCA CLS Sub-Activity ............................................................................... 7 1.2. Terms of Reference for RSIP ................................................................................................... 9 1.3. Main Goal and Objectives ....................................................................................................... 9 1.4. Selection Criteria and Principles for CLS Registration Areas.................................................10 2. REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO CLS SUB-ACTIVITY TERMS OF REFERENCE .......................... 11 2.1. Land Right Registration Policies, Systems and Procedures...................................................11 2.2. Support to Verification..........................................................................................................11 2.3. Support to Registration and Investigation ............................................................................12 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 14 3.1. Main Steps in the Registration Process.................................................................................14 3.2. General Approach and Procedures .......................................................................................15 Field Work ................................................................................................................................ 15 Administrative Processing........................................................................................................ 17 3.3.

Methods of Boundary Delineation........................................................................................18 Orthophotos and GPS .............................................................................................................. 18 Differential GPS (dGPS) ............................................................................................................ 19

4.

3.4. Benchmarks for Registration.................................................................................................20 KEY ROLE PLAYERS IN THE REGISTRATION PROCESS............................................................. 21 4.1. Registration Teams ...............................................................................................................21 Composition and Qualifications of Registration Teams........................................................... 21 Main Functions of Registration Teams .................................................................................... 21 Equipment and Facilities for Registration Teams .................................................................... 22

4.2. Headmen and Key Informants ..............................................................................................22 4.3. Traditional Authorities ..........................................................................................................22 4.4. Communal Land Boards ........................................................................................................23 4.5. CLB Investigating Committees ..............................................................................................23 5. STRATEGY FOR DEALING WITH SPECIAL CASES .................................................................... 24 5.1. Commercial-, Public-, and Communal Parcels ......................................................................24 5.2. Proclaimed Local Authority Areas .........................................................................................25 Table 1: Local Authority Areas in the NCA (Source: MRLGHRD) .............................................. 25 5.3. Women and Vulnerable Groups ...........................................................................................26 POTENTIAL RISKS ................................................................................................................ 27 6.1. Boundaries of Registration Areas .........................................................................................27 6.2. Potential for Unauthorised Land Acquisition (‘Land Grabbing’) ...........................................27 6.3. Traditional Authorities ..........................................................................................................28 6.4. Large Properties of Influential People ..................................................................................28 7. DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRATION AREAS .............................................................................. 30 7.1. Reference Areas for Communal Land Right Registration .....................................................30 7.2. Selection, Statistics and Overview for CLS Registration Areas .............................................30 7.3. Registration Area 1 ‘Okongo’ - Ohangwena Region .............................................................33 7.4. Registration Area 2 “Sheya Shuushona” - Omusati Region ..................................................34 7.5. Registration Area 3 ‘Ehirovipuka’ – Kunene and Omusati Regions .....................................36 7.6. Registration Area 4 ‘Ombuga-Ekuma’ – Oshana and Oshikoto Regions ..............................37 -5Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010 6.

7.7. Registration Area 5 ‘Engodi’ - Oshikoto Region ....................................................................39 7.8. Registration Area 6 ‘Mashari’ - Kavango Region ..................................................................40 7.9. Schedule for Deployment of Registration Teams .................................................................41 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................ 42 8.1. Data Collection Plan ..............................................................................................................42 8.2. Quarterly Reports .................................................................................................................42 8.3. Monitoring Framework .........................................................................................................42 8.4. Referral of Cases to the Relevant Authorities.......................................................................42 9. EXIT STRATEGY ................................................................................................................... 43 9.1. Transfer of Functions and Registration Teams .....................................................................43 ANNEXES ANNEX 1: RSIP Strategic Planning Matrix (Logical Framework) ............................................................ 44 ANNEX 2: Model for integrated implementation of CLS core strategies in a Registration Area .......... 46 ANNEX 3: RSIP Implementation Plan 2011-2014 .................................................................................. 48 ANNEX 4: Description of Policy Review (according to CLS Terms of Reference) .................................. 51 ANNEX 5: Recognised Traditional Authority Areas (TAs) ...................................................................... 53 ANNEX 6: Regional roll-out and activity schedule ................................................................................ 55 ANNEX 7: Comments and Response table of the 20/12/2010 ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Components of the CLS Sub-Activity ....................................................................................... 8 Figure 2: Six political regions covered by the CLS Sub-Activity............................................................. 30 Figure 4: Registration Area 1 ‘Okongo’ - Ohangwena Region .............................................................. 33 Figure 5: Registration Area 2 ‘Sheya Shuushona’ - Omusati Region .................................................... 34 Figure 6: Registration Area 3 ‘Ehirovipuka’ - Kunene & Omusati Regions........................................... 36 Figure 7: Registration Area 4 ‘Ombuga-Ekuma’ – Oshana & Oshikoto Regions ................................... 37 Figure 8: Registration Area 5 ‘Engodi’ - Oshikoto Region ..................................................................... 39 Figure 9: Registration Area 6 (‘Mashari’) - Kavango Region ................................................................. 40 Figure 10: Traditional Authority Boundaries in the CLS Project Area ................................................... 53 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Proclaimed Local Authority Areas in the NCA ........................................................................ 25 Table 2: CLS Registration Areas........................................................................................................... 31

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background to the MCA CLS Sub-Activity The Millennium Challenge Account Namibia (MCA-N) Compact was signed in 2008 between the Republic of Namibia and the US Government. An amount of US$ 304.5 million has been made available to the Government of Namibia through grant funding for public investments in education, tourism and agriculture (land access and management, livestock, and indigenous natural products), supporting development in the target sectors. The goal of Namibia’s MCA Compact is to reduce poverty through economic growth in the three target sectors. To accomplish the Compact Goal of increasing income, the MCA Namibia Programme aims to achieve the following objectives:  

To increase the competence of the Namibian workforce (knowledge, skills and attitude) To increase the productivity of agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises in rural areas.

The Agriculture Project of MCA-N is primarily focused on achieving a sustainable increase in economic performance of the agriculture sector in the Northern Communal Areas (NCAs) of Namibia. Agriculture in the broadest sense is extremely important to the livelihoods of many rural based Namibians. The approach used is to synchronise the support efforts that will contribute to poverty alleviation and to improved livelihoods of beneficiaries through the different activities that are being implemented by the Agriculture Project. The Project is composed of three activities, namely Activity 1 Land Access and Management, Activity 2 Livestock Support and Activity 3 Indigenous Natural Products. The activities of the Agriculture Project are aimed at strengthening the land tenure system in the NCAs, improving rangeland management practices, strengthening animal health services, improving livestock marketing efficiency and strengthening the supply chains and marketing of indigenous natural plant products throughout Namibia. As such Activity 1 Land Access and Management is subdivided into three distinct but related sub-activities:  Sub-Activity 1 - Communal Land Support (CLS)  Sub-Activity 2 - Community-based Rangeland and Livestock Management (CBRLM)  Sub-Activity 3 - Environment and Social Assessment. The Millennium Challenge Account Namibia (MCA-N) has commissioned GTZ International Services (GTZ IS) as a facilitator of its Communal Land Support Sub-Activity (the CLS Sub-Activity). The objective of the CLS Sub-Activity is to support the development of land administration systems and increase security of tenure in the Northern Communal Areas (NCAs1). The CLS Sub-Activity specifically aims to strengthen the land rights verification and registration conducted by the Communal Land Boards (CLBs) and Traditional Authorities (TAs), managed by the Ministry of Lands and Resettlement (MLR), and to facilitate the registration of rights in certain identified areas. The CLS Sub-Activity is designed to support the agenda of MLR to implement the provisions of the Communal Land Reform Act (CLRA) of 2002, and to regularize land tenure in the NCA.

1

In the context of the MCA CLS Sub-Activity the NCAs include Kunene North, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto North, Ohangwena and Kavango, but not Caprivi.

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To achieve the stated objective, the Terms of Reference state two key tasks for the CLS Sub-Activity as follows: 1. The provision of support to the 6 regional CLBs, the 15 recognized TAs and other village headmen and chiefs in the NCAs to support their capacity to adjudicate, allocate and administer formal land rights and to resolve conflicts that may arise. This will include a broadly targeted communications campaign, the provision of training, material support, and the development and implementation of detailed operating systems and procedures for the operations of the CLBs, designed to underpin their land administration functions in respect to the award of leaseholds for tourism and grazing rights. 2. The implementation of a systematic process designed to identify de facto land holdings and fences which, under the terms of the Act require applications for their verification and registration to be lodged before March 2012. The activity will focus on identifying, in a comprehensive manner, all land parcels regardless of their size, including those that have been enclosed with a fence, and on assisting the CLBs to adjudicate the validity of these in terms of the Act, in each of the respective areas. The CLS Sub-Activity is comprised of two phases with a total of six components. Some of the components will be implemented concurrently and others will be sequential; the outcome of some of the initial components will have an impact on the nature and scale of subsequent components (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Components of the CLS Sub-Activity (Source: Own Compilation)

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1.2. Terms of Reference for RSIP The Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan (RSIP) is a deliverable under Component 1 – Assessment and Identification, of the CLS Terms of Reference. The RSIP is described as follows in Section 2.3.3.2 of the CLS Terms of Reference: “Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan” The Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan shall propose a plan, including a methodology, detailed timeline, broken down by region, for implementation of Components 4 and 5 in each of the regions. The Strategy and Implementation Plan shall take into account the findings of the “Relevant Land Parcel Report” in each region, as well as local circumstances such as grazing practices, rangeland conditions, and relations among traditional communities and TAs. The Strategy and Implementation Plan shall identify any circumstances in each region that might create complications or implementation risks, and shall propose measures to mitigate these risks. It is likely that in many cases parcels smaller than 20 hectares may be interspersed with the parcels of 20 hectares and above. The smaller parcels are not the focus of the CLS Subactivity, but the plan should make provision for formalization of customary rights to smaller parcels to the extent they are located in areas of high concentration of large parcels, and the smaller parcels shall be included in the verification, registration and investigation processes to be undertaken in Components 4 and 5. Proceeding to implementation of the verification and registration of land parcels in each region shall be conditional upon MCA Namibia and MLR approval of the Strategy and Implementation Plan for that region.

1.3. Main Goal and Objectives Under the CLS Project objective to support the development of land administration systems and increase security of land tenure in the NCA, the main goal of the Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan (RSIP) is to develop a plan for implementation of a systematic process designed to identify and secure existing land rights which, under the terms of the Communal Land Reform Act of 2002, require applications for their registration. The RSIP develops the general methodology, roll-out and specific implementation plans for targeted Registration Areas as being selected together with the MLR for the six Regions of the NCA, in order to identify, verify, register or investigate all existing land holdings in these areas. It also aims to support the development of mechanisms for the registration of group rights in order to promote the sustainable natural resource management of commonage areas for grazing, tourism and other purposes. This process is planned as an integral part of the ongoing program of the MLR on registration of communal land, and at the same time it will provide support to the CLBs and TAs to adjudicate, verify, and register land rights in terms of the CLRA. The RSIP is part of an integrated strategy depicting all necessary activities in pursuance of this goal in a comprehensive manner. It is supported by three simultaneously developed complementary strategies/plans of the CLS Project. The Communication Strategy and Implementation Plan (CSIP) covers the campaigns and other measures needed to inform and mobilise the land holders and other stakeholders; the Training Strategy and Implementation Plan (TSIP) covers all capacity building measures for support and development of the concerned Communal Land Boards and Traditional Authorities. The Data Collection Plan provides the basis for data processing and sharing with MLR and MCA for monitoring and evaluation purposes. In pursuance of its main goal the RSIP can be structured by specific objectives in the following way: -9Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

  



Verify and, to the maximum extent possible, register, all land holdings within the registration areas, regardless of their size or use Identify and define remaining commonage areas through the systematic verification of all land parcels within the registration areas Support the development of a GIS based land information system capable of storing and updating information related to the parcels, land uses and land rights identified in the registration areas, in order to contribute to more effective and efficient land management and administration in communal areas Support related MCA-N activities with regard to land tenure issues, i.e. CBRLM Sub-Activity, Indigenous Natural Products Activity, and Conservancy Support Sub-Activity

These objectives are further specified through outputs to be achieved and activities (initiatives) to be carried out as formulated in the Strategic Planning Matrix (logical framework) in Annex 1. These activities summarize sub-activities which are located on the technical level of the planned implementation process as described and explained mainly in Sections 3 – 8.

1.4. Selection Criteria and Principles for CLS Registration Areas The following selection criteria were discussed and agreed upon with MLR, MCA and CBRLM representatives: The CLS Project will focus on areas with substantial remaining commonage, preferably but not purely within CBRLM Rangeland Intervention Areas (RIAs), and therefore on areas with low to medium density of land parcels, where measures of preservation appear promising.

Secondary selection criteria are:  Occurrence of existing or planned Conservancies and Community Forests, many of which are included in the CBRLM RIAs  Suitability as test area for the development of new administration and registration methods for improved communal natural resource management  Areas where improved land use management is required  Level of commitment by TAs and other stakeholders (conflict areas with limited chance of resolution to be avoided)  Compliance with Government plans on land use changes and coordination with the ongoing registration programme of MLR The following principles for the selection were applied:  Every region to be covered within the entire CLS Project lifespan  At least one registration area per region  Specific strategy for every registration area  Additional registration areas might be defined at a later stage According to these criteria and principles, and based on the local knowledge of people involved in the consultation process, six Registration Areas (RAs) were selected. They are depicted on maps and briefly described in Section 7.

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2. REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO CLS SUB-ACTIVITY TERMS OF REFERENCE This section describes the process of land right verification, registration and investigation, as per the CLS Terms of Reference.

2.1. Land Right Registration Policies, Systems and Procedures The CLS Sub-Activity will use procedures and forms adopted during the EU Rural Poverty Reduction Programme (RPRP) sponsored pilot customary registration exercise (Olukonda) and subsequently conducted registration activities of MLR, incorporating lessons learned and best practices. The further development of detailed systems and procedures for the verification, adjudication and registration of land rights in the NCAs, will be developed as part of Component 2 of the CLS-Project and delivered to MCA on 31 August 2011 (Deliverable No. 15). This will include a review and analysis of the Operational Manual and other procedures used by CLBs, TAs and the MLR, for the application, verification and registration of land rights in the NCA. The development of systems and procedures for quality management in the registration process will also be part of this activity. The actual registration activities will inform this process revealing necessary changes in the procedures to be addressed. The Policy Review, due on 31 May 2011, will also have a definite influence on the registration processes and procedures. It reviews the relevant policies and legislation in order to facilitate smooth implementation of the verification, registration and investigation activities and ensure maximum impact from related MCA investments. An important aspect of the Policy Review will be recommendations on proposed mechanisms for granting secure land rights to groups, such as local communities or conservancies, in order to allow them to manage defined areas for different purposes like grazing or tourism. A detailed description of the Policy Review is provided in Annex 4. The development and refinement of systems and procedures will be an ongoing process, with the CLS team working with the MLR and other relevant stakeholders, to adopt pragmatic and efficient approaches that will allow the MLR to move forward on registering all parcels in the NCAs within established deadlines and with resources that are anticipated to be available.

2.2. Support to Verification This project component will involve the systematic consideration of applications for rights over communal land by the CLBs in accordance with the Communal Land Reform Act. It will include public outreach activities targeted to the specific communities in which the verification process will be undertaken with the goal of maximizing submission of applications and public participation in the verification process. The specific methods of public outreach will be defined in the Communication Strategy and Implementation Plan (CSIP), and may include radio announcements and messages after church services to maximize participation. Verification will include a process of community consultation that will assist in the identification of claimants to rights over communal land in each CLB’s jurisdiction, and will provide members of the community with the opportunity to submit feedback regarding applications. The objective of this component is to produce a detailed and publicly verified set of applications, maps, and reports listing communal land rights and the identity of the holders of these rights. This information must be comprehensive and detailed enough to allow the CLBs to decide on applications for land rights that have been verified. CLBs will also use this information to identify parcels for which applications have not been submitted, disputes have arisen, or additional - 11 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

information is required. These cases will be referred to the investigating committees formed in accordance with Section 37 of the Act. The CLS team will support the verification process, working in close collaboration with the TAs, CLBs and the MLR. In effect, the CLS team will act as the support staff of the TAs, CLBs and the MLR while organizing the verification process and producing the materials necessary to allow the relevant authorities to make the final decision regarding registration or referral to the investigating committees. The CLS team will execute the following tasks in collaboration and coordination with village headmen, chiefs, TAs, CLBs and the MLR:    

    

Form registration teams to carry out public outreach in the specific communities in which the verification process will be conducted and to implement the public verification process Coordinate communication and public outreach between this activity and other MCA-N CLS team’s activities that might be focusing on the same rural communities, specifically including the CBRLM Sub-activity; Communicate to residents the specific dates, times and places during which verification procedures will be conducted in their areas, and the participation that will be required of them; Solicit and facilitate the completion of applications from claimants for relevant land parcels. To the greatest extent possible, applications will be completed on the spot, with assistance from the implementation teams, preferably in the presence of the village headman, chief or TA to provide immediate verification; Produce lists of land holdings and maps based on applications received and the verification conducted in the field; Publicly display these lists and maps in a convenient public location for a certain period of time sufficiently long to allow additional public comment Develop and implement a mechanism whereby the public may submit counterclaims or objections during the public display period; Refer the final applications, lists, maps and complaints to the CLBs for consideration and registration, according to Component 5; Refer cases in which applications are not submitted, conflicts arises, or additional information is required, to the CLBs and the MLR for onward referral to the investigating committee in accordance with Section 37 of the Act.

2.3. Support to Registration and Investigation Under this component, the CLBs will conduct the formal review and adjudication of the applications obtained and verified by the CLS team and referred to the CLB during Component 4. In addition, this component will include the mobilization of investigating committees under the CLBs in accordance with Section 37 of the Act, in each of the CLB areas. These investigating committees will complete remaining applications for leaseholds or customary rights and investigate disputes as directed by the corresponding CLB. The objective of this component will be for the CLBs to either approve or deny the applications obtained as a result of Component 4 and to register and issue customary land right or leasehold certificates , as appropriate. In addition, the investigating committees will furnish the CLBs with reports concerning disputes and cases where applications could not be obtained. The CLS team will provide support to the CLBs and investigating committees as needed, particularly facilitating the issuance of customary land right and leasehold certificates for approved registrations, although the CLBs and the investigating committees will have the primary statutory responsibility for registering rights or conducting investigations under the Act. The CLS team will continuously monitor the performance of the CLBs and investigating committees as per the developed ‘Monitoring - 12 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Framework’, and will assist the CLBs to identify and address any factors preventing them from achieving their performance targets. The CLBs will register, issue and distribute land right or leasehold certificates, as appropriate, to land holders, for approved applications in accordance with their Operational Manual and approved procedures. They will notify applicants whose applications are denied in accordance with the requirements of the Act. As necessary, investigating committees will investigate situations in which applications have not been submitted, disputes have arisen, or additional information is required. The activities of the investigating committees will be conducted in accordance with Section 37 of the Act and supporting regulations and guidelines. The CLS team’s tasks under this component consist of the following: 







 

Based on the lists of verified and unverified cases produced from Component 4, the CLS-team will develop a “Monitoring Framework” to monitor the review and adjudication of applications for each CLB area. This framework will enable the monitoring of progress by both the CLBs in adjudicating applications for verified cases and the investigating committees in their investigations of unverified cases. Adoption of the monitoring framework will include agreements on appropriate targets for each of these institutions during the implementation of this component. The CLS team will be responsible for providing support to the CLBs and investigating committees and reporting on progress against these targets. For “verified cases,” the CLS team will assist the CLBs in producing the appropriate documentation to formalize the land right, either a certificate of customary rights, or a leasehold certificate, and in distributing documentation to landholders. The CLS team will also assist the CLBs in entering verification and registration information in a registry to be maintained by the CLBs. Finally, the CLS team will support the CLBs and MLR to enter this information into a spatial database or Geographic Information System, consistent with existing MLR procedures as well as the recommendations made in the “Procedures, Operations and System” Report. For “unverified cases,” the CLBs will direct the relevant investigating committees to conduct investigations into particular land holdings in accordance with the terms of the Act. The CLSteam, working with relevant support staff from the MLR, will provide technical assistance to the CLBs to assist them to analyse the verification reports from Component 4 and make appropriate directions to the investigating committees. The CLS team will also provide technical assistance to the investigating committees in the conducting of the investigations. As “unverified cases” are resolved, the CLS team will assist the CLBs in the production and distribution of documentation and registration, as described in the previous bullet point. The investigating committees must act in strict accordance with the terms of the Act. The investigations will, in most circumstances, result in either a direction to the relevant land holder to submit an application to the CLB for consideration within a particular time period, or in the submission of a report by the investigating committee to the CLB. In cases in which land holders refuse to submit applications or to otherwise comply with the Act, investigating committees will refer the cases to the relevant authorities on the basis that an offence has been committed in terms of section 37(6) of the Act. Relevant authorities might include the police, or Land Tribunals, to the extent they are given power to hear matters related to communal lands. The CLS team will provide technical and secretariat support to the investigating committees in their fulfilment of these obligations. The CLS team will assist the investigating committees to present applications or reports to the CLBs as the investigations are completed and will assist the CLBs to take appropriate action. The CLS team, working with the investigating committees, will compile quarterly interim reports to the CLBs, detailing progress against the agreed monitoring framework. - 13 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

3. METHODOLOGY 3.1. Main Steps in the Registration Process The verification and registration process will be systematic (or following the “area approach” as used in the Relevant Land Parcel Report), as it will aim to verify and register all land rights within a certain registration area. The main steps in this process, which is followed by MLR as well, will be as follows:                  

Recruit registration teams Prepare ortho-images for relevant registration areas Orient and train registration teams (including on-the-job training) Fieldwork planning and organisation Communication and training campaigns, preparing residents and headmen for the verification campaign Acquisition of existing land right and parcel data (e.g. National Planning Commission Secretariat (NPCS) household data, water & electricity servitude data, proclaimed roads and local authority areas) Collection of all existing applications from TA Fieldwork by verification teams (generally per village), receiving new applications, adjudicate and verify all rights where possible, mapping of land parcels and commercial areas which cannot be registered. Referral of disputes to CLB investigating committee Office work (digitising and data capturing) Printing of Land Right Certificates and Village Maps Sending village maps and lists of land rights back to the headman or TA, for public display for at least 7 days, for the community to inspect, verify and/or comment on. Applications requiring approval by the Minister, are referred to the MLR Approval by CLB Issue of certificates by CLB, through TA, to residents Record- and data management by CLS-teams, MLR, CLBs, TAs and headmen Quality Management Monitoring and Evaluation

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3.2. General Approach and Procedures Field Work 

The registration will be systematic, focussing on all land parcels within a specific registration area.



The registration will be done village by village, i.e. one village will be completed, before moving on to the next, although various teams may be working simultaneously in different villages.



Information about village headmen, including approximate coordinates of their homesteads, and the quantity and distribution of homesteads falling under their jurisdiction, will be obtained from the NPCS, prior to targeting a specific RA. This information will be supplemented with and verified by information obtained from the TAs about the headmen.



The boundaries of all land parcels will be mapped, and information on their use and ownership recorded, subject to the following: -

The project will not involve itself in the registration of commercial, community and public service properties (i.e. they will be verified, but not necessarily registered).

-

Only the outer boundaries of commercial centres containing clusters of small businesses will be mapped, and these areas will be documented as ‘commercial centres’. Headmen and communities should be informed about this during the training and communication campaigns, to prevent creation of false expectations with regard to the registration of parcels in these areas. The CLS team will forward information on these ‘commercial centres’ to the MLR, who will be responsible for the registration of the individual commercial parcels.



Before commencing verification in an area, all available land right information should be obtained for that area, e.g. location of Namwater and Nampower infrastructure, boundaries of proclaimed local authority areas (towns, villages & settlements), proclaimed roads, registered leases, etc. These rights should be printed on the field maps (orthophotos) and loaded onto the GPS mapping devices, to facilitate adjudication in the field. It is estimated that the acquisition and capturing of all this data can be done in about one month for an individual registration area, done by the Cadastral Advisor.



A communication campaign will prepare and inform community members in advance (first about a month, then about 10 days, and finally about 2-3 days before the arrival of the verification team in a specific area), about the specific dates, times and places during which verification will be conducted in their area, and the participation that will be required from them. This will allow them to prepare in advance for the arrival of the RT, as well as providing short notice confirming the arrival of the team during the next day or two.



About one month before registration starts (slightly before the start of the communication campaign), training of the headmen and secretaries of that area will commence, as described in the Training Strategy and Implementation Plan (TSIP).



The involved headmen will be provided with orthophotos for their areas, during the training event. NPCS household data, which indicates the headman under which each household falls, will be used to estimate the jurisdiction area of each headman. This will be done for areas with a relatively high density of parcels (around villages), as it will substantially increase the productivity of CLS fieldwork in these areas. Residents and headmen will already be acquainted with the maps, and provisional adjudication could commence before the RT arrives at a village. For areas with a low density of parcels (few parcels over wide areas, far from any villages), the preparatory production of village maps appears necessary only in specific cases. - 15 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010



By the time the RT arrives at a village, the local headman and residents should be well informed and prepared for their arrival.



The TAs and headmen should arrange as many applications as possible before the RT arrives, and the communities should be encouraged to submit as many as possible. The communication and training campaigns will play a crucial role in this regard.



The RT will collect application forms from the TA and headmen, but will also assist community members to submit new applications.



The role of the headman is important. The headman or key informant from the village concerned must always join the registration team, in order to have good accessibility to the village residents, and to help with adjudication and settlement of disputes.



In some cases (especially during 2011) there will be more than one RT in a village. In these cases the headman should arrange for additional key informants to accompany each RT.



First the village headman’s homestead will be visited and verified, whereafter the RT will proceed with other parcels, spiralling away from the village headman’s homestead.



At each homestead the first step is to explain the purpose of the land registration process and methodology. In most cases, this explanation can be done to several homesteads at the same time, as it can be expected that residents will gather around the RT during the adjudication and verification process.



The names of the spouse(s) will also be registered on the application form. The communication campaign will play an important role in this regard, by informing residents (especially women) about this issue. The headman and/or key informants will be involved to confirm the spouse’s details (including confirmation when no spouse is mentioned). The public verification process will also contribute to the confirmation of this information, as the spouses’ details will also be displayed for public comments.



Parcel numbers will be indicated on the printed orthophoto maps and application forms. If the parcels are too small, then the parcel numbers will be indicated by arrow or a separate map will be made.



Parcels which cannot be registered, or for which no applications have been received, will also be mapped. Special forms will be completed for these parcels, to record parcel ownership (if available) and use. These cases will be forwarded to the investigating committees as ‘unverified cases’, for further investigation.



Disputes must first be discussed between the RT and the parties concerned. If no agreement can be reached, the dispute has to be reported to the traditional leader or the secretary of the CLB, who will also attempt to facilitate resolution of the case. They will be prepared for those cases during the initial training (see above). If no agreement is possible, then the case will be referred to the CLB investigating committee.



Disputed parcels, as well as any other unverified parcels, will be indicated on the orthophotos with a different colour.



Evaluation Meeting: After a number of villages have been verified, an evaluation meeting together with the responsible CLB should take place with the headmen (or his representatives). The following can be discussed: -

Finalise verification with key informant(s) and headman. Discuss methodology and any alterations that might be made to increase efficiency and effectiveness. - 16 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

-

-

Discuss disputes, and suggestions for resolving them. Describe the process ahead, i.e. data capturing, referral of some applications to the MLR for approval by the Minister, publication of the village map where it can be inspected by the community, consideration and approval of the applications by the TA and CLB, return of certificates and community map to the village and community members (through the TA). Maintenance procedures (i.e. geometric and/or ownership changes in registered parcels, processing of new applications). Describe the implications and responsibilities with regard to formal registration of land rights. Discuss level of satisfaction of the headman, and suggestions for improvement of the system.

Administrative Processing 

A RT will typically spend one week in the field, moving from village to village, whereafter they will return to the regional office for about a week.



Digitising and data capturing will take place in the regional office, by the RT, using the MLR’s NCLAS facilities.



The RTs will print provisional certificates and prepare village maps and lists of verified owners at the regional office. The CLS team will acquire an A0 plotter, which will be available at the regional offices, to facilitate printing of field and village maps.



After village maps have been printed, they will be taken back (by the RT) to the villages, TA office, or other suitable places. The communication campaign will inform residents when this happens. The village map and lists of verified owners, including spouses’ details, will be publicly displayed at a convenient location in the village or TA office, for a period of at least 7 days, to allow for additional public comments.



A mechanism will be developed and implemented whereby the public may submit counterclaims or objections during the public display period. This mechanism will be in place, when the first maps for RA 1 (Okongo, Ohangwena) are displayed.



Only after the above public display of the village map and register, can the applications, lists and maps be submitted to CLB for consideration and registration.



The CLB will approve or reject the certificates, keep copies of them, and distribute them to the residents, through the TA and headmen.



Cases for which no applications were submitted or additional information are required (‘unverified cases’), as well as disputed cases, will be referred to the CLBs for onward referral to the investigating committee in accordance with Section 37 of the Act.



The investigation of ‘unverified cases’ will, in most cases, result in either a direction to the relevant land holder to submit an application to the CLB for consideration within a particular time period, or in the submission of a report by the investigating committee to the CLB. In cases where the land holder refuses to submit an application or to otherwise comply with the Act, the investigating committee will refer the cases to the relevant authorities on the bases that an offence has been committed in terms of Section 37(6) of the Act.

- 17 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

3.3. Methods of Boundary Delineation Orthophotos and GPS The fastest and cheapest method of identifying and digitizing land parcel boundaries is the use of orthophotos. For the NCA orthophotos are available digitally as geo-referenced 10x10km tiles, with a ground pixel resolution of about 1 metre, which leads to an absolute accuracy of 2-3 meters (for details see the “Relevant Land Parcel Report”). They were acquired during end of 2007 - beginning of 2008, so it is expected that some new parcels will not be visible on the orthophotos. Any parcel which cannot be identified on the orthophotos will be surveyed by GPS, and the approximate position be drafted on the orthophotos. The GPS coordinates will be recorded in the GPS device, for digitizing these parcels in Arc GIS. The GPS system, which is appropriate for all parcels which are not too small (see below), and which is currently in use by the MLR, consists of hand-held GPS devices. Suitable ones without additional functions (e.g. for navigation) have an accuracy of about 5-10m and cost about N$ 500 - N$ 2 000 each. More sophisticated and expensive devices are WAAS (‘Wide Area Augmentation Service’) enabled, which can improve the accuracy to about 3 metres, but this system is not available in Namibia. To register the bulk of the land parcels not being visible on the orthophotos, the RTs will use simple and robust hand-held GPS devices, as they are used by the MLR. They will be applied in the field together with laptops for data capturing. Alternatively, the combination GPS/laptop can be replaced by the use of a mobile mapping device, which combines the functions of GPS and laptop. During the Relevant Land Parcel Assessment the Trimble GeoXT was tested successfully (see as well the description in the Data Collection Plan). Whether its use for the project and consequently the MLR can be recommended under sustainability aspects, is subject to testing under practical registration conditions. For this purpose the project will rent GeoXT devices from the Polytechnic of Namibia in 2011. For the registration of small parcels the accuracy of hand held GPSs is not sufficient. The critical value for the parcel size, which is too small to be mapped with a hand-held GPS, lies, depending on a variety of circumstances, between half and a quarter of one ha. Smaller parcels request for applying GPS devices with higher accuracy. Though the expected number of small parcels in this respect will be rather small in the selected RAs, the project has to make provisions for deployment of mapping options delivering sufficient accuracy. In this situation the following procedure will be applied: The RTs will test two different systems in the field during the first months of the registration process: The “Trimble Geo XT” and the “Omnistar VBS”, the latter being a type of differential GPS (dGPS), both of which are easily available for rental from the Polytechnic of Namibia. It is expected that the Trimble GeoXT can deliver sufficient accuracy for parcel sizes down to 0,1 ha, depending on circumstances which are to be determined during the test phase. For very small parcels the Omnistar dGPS will be applied and the conditions, the critical value of parcel size, etc. will be tested together with the Trimble device in RA1-Okongo until August 2011. The reporting on results of the test phase in terms of refinement of methodologies, guidelines, technical instructions, technical specifications and standards of accuracy for GPS surveys will be part of the ‘Systems, Operations and Procedures Review’, which is scheduled for the period up to August 2011. - 18 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

After August, the final decision on deployment of a certain GPS system will be done and the selected devices procured. If the Omnistar dGPS is found to be inappropriate, alternative dGPS systems should be explored. The following section gives a brief overlook of the range of possible options, in this regard.

Differential GPS (dGPS) dGPS devices provide survey accuracies ranging from sub-metre to sub-centimetre. For centimetre accuracy (carrier phase survey grade GPS), the cost and survey methodology would not be justifiable for this project, considering that the vast majority of parcels will be mapped from orthophotos, at an accuracy of about 2 metres. Sub-metre dGPS is available in either real-time (providing real-time sub-metre positioning) or post processing (providing 5-15m field positioning, which can be improved to sub-metre through post processing of recorded GPS data). 



For real-time sub-metre GPS positioning, a second GPS base station is required to transmit realtime corrections to the roving GPS receiver. Base stations can either be ‘local’, requiring radio connection between base and rover receivers, or ‘global/virtual’. For ‘global’ or ‘virtual’ base stations (‘Wide Area dGPS’), the differential correction is sent to the roving GPS receiver by satellite broadcast, providing real-time sub-metre positioning without the need for a local base station. These systems (e.g. ‘Omnistar VBS’ system), cost about N$ 60 000 per unit, and require a signal subscription fee of about N$ 16 000 per year. Various options for post processing GPS are available. All post processing options require permanent base stations, and post processing of raw GPS data after the field work. The following cost and logistical implications should be considered: o Permanent base stations: At least one base station is required (preferably two), which should not be more than 300km from the roving receivers. A base receiver costs around N$ 100 000; besides this the biggest expenditure will be the setting up of the base stations, at a cost of at about N$ 35 000 each (N$ 25 000 for a dedicated PC, software and cabling, and at least N$ 10 000 for a control survey to fix the coordinates of the base station). o Roving receivers: Various options for roving receivers are available. These receivers are similar to the base receivers (typically cost about N$ 60 000 to N$ 100 000 each). Alternatively, Trimble GeoXT mapping devices could be used. These devices cost about N$ 40 000 each, and can record raw GPS data, which can later be post processed to sub-metre accuracy. o Logistics: Apart from the costs of setting up base stations, another major disadvantage of post processing GPS, is the logistics, time and risks involved in post processing of surveyed data. With real time GPS, the final coordinates are available in the field, and can even be captured on GIS in the field. With post processing, the rover and base data have to be processed (together) on return of the RTs from the field. Each regional office should therefore have a base station (ideally), or the base data can be obtained in other ways (e.g. by internet or physically collected, both of which have significant cost implications). o Risk: A considerable risk with post processing systems is the possible loss of base data. For example, if an RT has collected GPS data during a field trip, and on return they realise that something went wrong with the base station (e.g. power interruption or any other technical problem), all the surveyed data will be worthless, as the rover data needs to be processed with the recorded base data (recording of base and rover data must be simultaneous). The base station could be designed to minimise this risk (e.g. UPS and generators as backup for power failures, duel pc’s and GPS receivers as backup for hard- or software failure), but this will never completely eliminate the risk. - 19 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

3.4. Benchmarks for Registration During the Olukonda project, about 1 700 parcels were verified, and about 1 000 registered, in slightly more than three months. This is equivalent to a verification rate of about 25 parcels per day, of which about 60% were registered during this same period. Approximately 10% of the parcels verified were bigger than 20 hectares (requiring approval by the Minister), while only five disputes were encountered. Three of the five disputes were settled during this period. The MLR teams have since verified more than 20 000 parcels, and have gained considerable experience since the Olukonda Pilot Project. In densely populated areas the MLR teams typically verify about 50 parcels per day (on average), but in sparsely populated areas this figure goes down to about 20 parcels per day. For the CLS Project, the following should be considered:  



The CLS teams will generally work in areas of low density of parcels, and the verification rate can therefore be expected to be less than that achieved by the MLR team in densely populated areas. During the first phase of the CLS registration process, policy and procedural review and system development is to be considered, rather than just verification of parcels. One of the main goals will be to identify bottlenecks in the registration process, especially with regard to the registration of parcels of 20 hectares and bigger and of leases of 10 years or longer, and/or larger than 50 hectares, and to formulate recommendations that will alleviate the bottlenecks as part of the policy review component of the project. The project will also aim at developing a system whereby natural resource management units can be successfully registered. During the final phase of the CLS Project (towards the end of 2013) the focus will be on handing over of systems, procedures and equipment, aiming to ensure the sustainability of the system beyond the CLS Project, though sustainability will be a key consideration throughout the CLS project from the beginning.

For these reasons the rate of land parcel registration might be considerably lower than what appears in the experienced based figures of MLR. It should be left to a later stage to come up with experienced based figures for the CLS project. Rates of land parcel registration will be used to help inform the refinement of methodologies and procedures so as to arrive at rates that will allow for the coverage of the NCAs in a reasonable period of time with anticipate resources.

- 20 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

4. KEY ROLE PLAYERS IN THE REGISTRATION PROCESS 4.1. Registration Teams Composition and Qualifications of Registration Teams Each registration team (RT) will comprise of three members. The composition and qualifications of the team members will be as follows: General Qualification of Registration Team Members  At least one must have a valid driving license.  At least one team member, including the team leader, must speak the local language, and should be trained in the field of adjudication and dispute resolution.  At least one team member should be proficient with the use of differential GPS equipment and GIS software.  All members must be able to interpret orthophotos, use map scales and calculate parcel areas.  All members must have a thorough knowledge and understanding of the CLRA and regulations, and should be trained in the field of land registration and administration (a formal qualification or training in the fields of land registration or surveying, or related, is highly recommended). Registration Team Leader: The leader of the RT will be a key success factor in this project. The team leader should have the following qualities, additional to the above mentioned:    

Assertiveness Ability to settle disputes and conflict when necessary Thorough knowledge of local customs, and proficiency in the local language Maturity, with strong leadership qualities

Main Functions of Registration Teams Fieldwork:  Planning and organisation of field trips (including purchasing of supplies, preparation of data and verification material)  Communication and liaison with rest of the CLS team , MLR, CLB, TA, headmen and community members  Collection of all existing applications from the TA, and assistance with completion of new applications  Verification of land rights (by orthophotos and/or GPS)  Settling of disputes where necessary Office Work:  Digitize and capture data into NCLAS  Checking of data  Creating certificates (printed in colour on A4)  Creating village maps (printed on A0, at CLS/MLR offices in Oshakati)  Forwarding village maps to the TA, for public display (in a public place, available for inspection by all community members) for comments and verification by the community for a minimum period of 7 days  Refer to the MLR all applications requiring approval by the Minister - 21 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

  

Forwarding certificates to the CLB for approval, as well as disputed and unverified cases for investigation by investigation committee Quality control Backup and manage data (digital and analogue data management)

Note: Quality control and data security procedures and systems need to be developed as part of the procedure and system development component of the CLS Project.

Equipment and Facilities for Registration Teams Fieldwork:  4x4 car (in difficult areas, e.g. with deep sand, two 4x4 cars are needed for safety reasons) camping equipment, folding tables, stationary, orthophotos, maps (A1 size), application forms  Laptop for data capturing with NCLAS database  GPS or mobile mapping devise (see section 3.3 RSIP and section 3.2.1 CLS Data Collection Plan)  Other GPS equipment to be determined until August 2011 Office Work in the regions:  2 PC and 2 desktop computers with ArcGIS software and NCLAS database  Other software to be determined  Broadband internet e.g. for email, planning of fieldwork on Google Earth  A4 colour laser jet printer  External hard drives for data backup  Photocopy machine Note: The CLS Project will acquire one A0 plotter. A1 orthophoto maps and A0 village maps will be printed at the regional offices.

4.2. Headmen and Key Informants The role of the headmen is of key importance in the land registration process. The main role of the headmen with regard to the RSIP, are as follows:       

Act as communication link between the CLS team and the community. Inform and prepare the community about the registration process. Supply application forms to the community, assist them with the completion of the applications, and receive the completed application forms as far as possible. Accompany the RT, and/or assign key informants to the RT, in order to have good accessibility to the village residents, and to help with adjudication and settlements of disputes. Return documentation to the community, e.g. approved certificates, letters from CLB, etc. Keep village map and register of parcels, and provide the community with ownership information where possible. Assist with the settling of disputes.

4.3. Traditional Authorities The main role of the TAs with respect to the RSIP, are as follows:  Ratification of land right applications  Settling of disputes  Investigation of unverified cases referred to them by the CLB investigating committee 

Record management (e.g. of verified, approved, rejected and disputed applications) - 22 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

 

Publicly display village maps and parcel lists (received from the RT) at a convenient public location for a certain period of time sufficiently long to allow additional public comment Forwarding approved land right certificates to the headmen, for distribution to the relevant land right holders.

4.4. Communal Land Boards The main functions of the CLB with respect to the RSIP, are the following:  Consideration and approval or rejection of land right applications (approval of certificates)  Referral of certain applications to the MLR, where the Minister’s approval is required  Referral of unverified or disputed cases to the investigating committees  Record management

4.5. CLB Investigating Committees The main role of the CLB investigating committees, are the following:  Investigate situations in which applications have not been submitted, disputes have arisen, or additional information is required  Furnish the CLBs with reports concerning disputes and cases where applications could not be obtained The activities of the investigating committees will be conducted in accordance with Section 37 of the Act and supporting regulations and guidelines. The main role of the investigating committees is to investigate and advise the CLBs on unverified parcels or unresolved disputes, rather than settling general disputes. Disputes and investigations will generally be the responsibility of the relevant chief or traditional authority, and only cases that cannot be resolved by them, will be investigated by the investigating committees. The investigating committee will refer all unverified cases to the relevant TA, who will conduct investigations and process applications where possible. All case which cannot be resolved by the TA will investigated by the investigating committees.

Under Component 2 of the Project, the CLS team will assist the MLR in the development of criteria defining the desired competencies, qualification and experience for investigating committee members. It is recommended that the Minister of Lands and Resettlement establish one investigating committees for each CLB, as soon as possible after the above mentioned criteria has been developed.

- 23 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

5. STRATEGY FOR DEALING WITH SPECIAL CASES 5.1. Commercial-, Public-, and Communal Parcels Interspersed with the residential and farm land parcels that form the focus of CLS registration, are a great variety of parcels used for public, communal and commercial purposes. The major types of these parcels are: 





Land used for public services such as government schools, health facilities, police stations, border posts, frontier zones between Angola and Namibia, agricultural schemes, resettlement and rehabilitation farms/areas, road and railway reserves, quarantine farms and veterinary crush pens, etc. Land used for community purposes such as cemeteries, community and traditional authority events and meetings, conservancy and community forest offices and facilities, churches, sports grounds, non-government development projects (such as Rössing at Okashana and DAPP near Outapi) etc. Included here are cattle posts where herders from different families share small circumscribed areas in which they have wells, kraals and huts. However, some cattle posts may turn out to be individually owned, in which case they can be mapped, documented and registered as residential and farming units. Commercial properties such as cuca and other shops, telecommunication towers, private schools, brick-making and building sand enterprises, tourism facilities etc.

With the exception of clusters of commercial parcels for reasons described below, it is proposed that the boundaries of all these parcels be mapped and documented. This will allow the boundaries of residential and farm parcels to be mapped in relation to neighbouring non-residential parcels, thus avoiding possible future boundary disputes and the need for field teams to again visit target areas to map the non-residential parcels. Furthermore, information on the non-residential parcels will form an integral part of the Land Information Systems that the CLS is supporting. The verification of these parcels will follow the same procedures as those used to map residential and farm parcels in the field. People responsible for the non-residential properties and local residents will thus identify relevant boundaries on the orthophotos which will then be drawn on to the photographs. Other boundaries that are not visible on the photographs will be mapped using GPS devices, and the boundaries will then be drawn onto the copies of the orthophotos to be returned to the target areas for inspection and approval. Most commercial centres (locally known as uundingosho) consist of small businesses, many of which are less than 20-50 square metres in size. The precise boundaries between the individual business parcels are not marked by fences or other visible marks, and are thus not visible on aerial photographs or even on the ground. Mapping the individual boundaries of these tiny properties would thus require the time-consuming use of expensive differential GPS. In addition, the significant additional work and costs incurred by mapping all these business parcels would have to be off-set by reducing the effort on residential and farm land documentation and registration. The main objectives of the CLS Project would thus change and the area registered for residential and farming purposes would be reduced. As a compromise, only the outer boundaries of these commercial centres will be mapped and they will be documented as ‘commercial centres’. The majority of these centres are easy to identify and their outer boundaries can be mapped and verified with the assistance of local headmen and residents. A regular feedback hereon to MCA-N and MLR will be provided. - 24 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

5.2. Proclaimed Local Authority Areas There are currently 32 local authority areas in the NCA, comprising of proclaimed ‘towns’ and ‘settlement areas’. These towns and settlement areas fall under the jurisdiction of town councils and regional councils, respectively. They are listed in Table 1 below.

TOWNS

SETTLEMENT AREAS

KAVANGO Rundu Nkurenkuru (including Kahenge)

KUNENE Opuwo

Divundu Ndiyona

Fransfontein Okangwati Sesfontein

OHANGWENA Eenhana Helao Nafidi (including Oshikango, Engela-Omafo, Ohangwena, Onhuno) Okongo Omungwelume Ongenga

OMUSATI Okahao Oshikuku Outapi Ruacana

OSHANA Ondangwa Ongwediva Oshakati

OSHIKOTO Omuthiya

Ogongo Okalongo Onesi Tsandi

Eheke Uukwangula

Onayena Onethindi Onyuulaye Oshigambo Oshivelo

Table 1: Local Authority Areas in the NCA (Source: MRLGHRD)

Land parcels that are situated within these areas are outside the jurisdiction of the CLBs, and can therefore be considered outside the scope of the CLS Project. However, communal parcels encroaching into local authority areas should ideally be surveyed and reported to the MLR and MRLGHRD. This will be done for parcels overlapping the communal and local authority areas, but not for parcels which are completely within these areas. Dealing with parcels within local authority areas, is considered outside the scope of the CLS Project. During the Olukonda Pilot Project, the main problem in these areas was that it was not always clear, during fieldwork, whether certain parcels fall within the local authority area or not. The CLS teams will deal with this problem by uploading proclaimed boundaries of the local authority areas onto their GPS mapping devices, when working in the vicinity of any of these areas. This will allow them to determine (in the field) whether a particular parcel falls within the local authority or CLB area. Parcels which are completely within the local authority area will not be surveyed or verified, while those overlapping the local authority boundary will be surveyed and verified. For the latter case, where parcels fall partly within local authority boundaries, the parcels will be treated as ‘quasi disputes’, i.e. they will be mapped and verified, but entered into the Land Dispute Register (LDR), and referred to the MLR for appropriate action.

- 25 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

5.3. Women and Vulnerable Groups The Communal Land Reform Act is gender neutral in terms of registration of land rights. Under customary law, however, men tend to apply for customary rights upon marriage and to be considered as the rights holders. Moreover, the Act does not explicitly provide for the registration of rights jointly in the name of both the husband and wife, so the husband’s name tends to appear on the registration application form. The Regulations supporting implementation of the Act, however, require that the name of the applicant’s spouse also appear on the form, although this does not always occur in practice. Also in practice, some TAs believe that applications can only be signed by male heads of household; if husbands are not present, their wives cannot sign. Where land is registered in the name of a married woman, she needs the consent of her husband to sign the application form, whereas single women can sign the forms on their own. Under the policy, systems and procedures review, the CLS team will analyze current application of the Act and will recommend measures to be incorporated in its verification and registration procedures, as well as in the operations manual and forms, to ensure that women and other vulnerable groups are not disadvantaged by the verification and registration work under this project. This will be done before March 2011, to allow for these measures to be incorporated into training activities and implemented upon the launch of the CLS registration campaign in the March 2011. In addition to the above, the following general measures are proposed to ensure that women and vulnerable groups are considered during the CLS registration process: 

The names of spouses will be registered on the application forms. The communication campaign will play an important role in this regard, by informing residents (especially women) about this issue. The headman and/or key informants will be involved to confirm the spouse’s details (including confirmation when no spouse is mentioned). The public verification process will also contribute to the confirmation of this information, as the spouses’ details will also be displayed for public comments.



Considering the particular vulnerability of the San to abuse, all concerned with land registration will need to be particularly vigilant to their rights. The training and communication campaigns will pay special attention to the rights of San people by making clear that all local residents have equivalent rights, irrespective of their affiliation to one or another traditional authority.



Likewise, the communication and training campaigns will pay special attention to the rights of women, making it clear to everyone and at all stages that women have the same rights as men to register land. This will be important for the training and communication campaigns, but also for all the registration teams whenever they begin work in a new area.



More specifically, is the need for registration teams, TAs and CLBs to be especially vigilant at all stages of the adjudication and registration process, to identify any circumstances where San people or women are being denied their proper rights.

- 26 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

6. POTENTIAL RISKS Mapping, verifying land rights and applying for registration by the CLS Project is expected to proceed smoothly in most areas. This is because the project will benefit from the considerable experience and familiarity with processes that have been accumulated over the past several years, especially by staff of the MLR. However, a variety of problems will be encountered by the CLS Project. Some that can be anticipated are discussed below, but others will arise and certain problems will be manifested in different permutations and levels of severity. Since it is now impossible to plan responses or mitigation ahead of time for all problems, it will be most important to have CLS and RT team members who can respond to unforeseen situations in a competent, sensible and confident manner. Approaches and methods will also have to be adapted according to circumstances, and the project will have to count on the support of MLR staff and members of the CLBs in dealing with special challenges.

6.1. Boundaries of Registration Areas The targeted registration areas of the CLS Project generally fall within boundaries that are legally gazetted or at least follow clear landmarks such as roads, rivers and cut-lines. However, many of these boundaries will bisect areas or discrete villages belonging to one community and/or under the jurisdiction of one local headman. Considerable confusion and discontent may then arise if the RTs confine their verification work to those areas that fall only within the designated RAs. For example, the straight lines that form many of the constituency boundaries are not marked or known in the field, and many local residents will not know if they live in one constituency or another. The exclusion of some residents because they live on the ‘wrong’ side of a boundary that cannot be seen may cause considerable resentment. In addition, the mapping of properties will have to done in relation to the borders of all other properties that are immediately adjacent, irrespective of whether they are in the designated RA or not. Every effort will be made to ensure that boundaries of RAs are adjusted so that all residents of a particular constituency or administrative grouping are included.

6.2. Potential for Unauthorised Land Acquisition (‘Land Grabbing’) There is the risk that people may use the opportunity provided by land registration to expand their land holdings beyond what might occur under normal circumstances. This could happen in a number of ways: by land holders rapidly securing rights to additional land from local headmen, by land holders indicating larger boundaries to the Registration Team (RT), especially when GPS surveys along the property boundaries are required, and by applying for additional parcels from the TA in the name of relatives that do not have customary land, etc. This risk has existed ever since the Communal Land Reform Act and its Regulations were promulgated, and it is therefore not a particular product of CLS activities. Nevertheless, the project should be mindful of the risk and it should be careful not to raise expectations or the idea that people might use registration to expand their properties. This is particularly important for Communication and Training Programmes, where special care is needed to guard against inappropriate information being disseminated and misused. Particular care will be taken by the RTs to prevent encroachment into commonage.

- 27 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

The Registration Teams, TAs and CLBs must also be watchful to identify any abuses, and to deal with them forcefully, if necessary by refusing to verify and register any parcels which are deemed to have been expanded inappropriately.

6.3. Traditional Authorities A number of problems have already arisen as a result of traditional authorities withholding support for land registration, for example among the five TAs in Kavango and others in Kunene. In addition, it may be found that the TA in the proposed RA3 (Kunene Region) is still not officially recognised by the time that the project begins registration work there (by early 2012). Difficulties may also be encountered where boundaries between TAs are disputed, causing residents to be unsure or unwilling to commit their applications for customary rights to one or the other TA. It has already been decided that the project will respect the objections of TAs in Kavango by not going ahead with registration activities in the near future. The same decision may have to be made in Kunene if TAs are unrecognised or uncooperative, and if legal provisions have not been made by the MLR to allow for the recognition of customary land rights in areas where the government does not recognise the TAs. Problems associated with TA boundary disputes will have to be addressed case-by-case, according to local circumstances and opportunities for the problems to be solved. As a general rule though, the following strategy is proposed for dealing with these cases:   

Verification of parcels will be done regardless of whether the relevant TA is recognised or not. An application which has been ratified by an unrecognised headman or TA, will be referred to the CLB as a disputed case. The same will apply when there is a dispute or uncertainty about the TA of a certain parcel - the application will be accepted and verified if possible, but will be referred to the CLB as a disputed case. The MLR should be proactive in this regard, and address the issue of unrecognised TAs with immediate effect, especially for the proposed CLS registration areas. Possible solutions would be to develop legal provisions to allow for recognition of customary rights in areas of unrecognised TAs, or to provide for the recognition of these TAs by the time the CLS intervention commences in these areas.

6.4. Large Properties of Influential People The project may encounter various problems in verifying and helping to register large farms that have been acquired informally or illegally. For example, local residents living in areas around those properties may dispute their legality and/or boundary positions. TAs may likewise refuse to recognise the legitimacy of the land claims. However, such protests will often be difficult to support because the people who lay claim to the large farms are usually influential civil servants, business people or politicians. In addition, precedents have been set by the MLR recognising the legality of claims to large farms in Kavango.2

2

This was done by proclaiming areas that had been claimed as large farms as “Designated Farming Areas for Small-Scale Farms”, which then gave the MLR the legal basis to issue leaseholds (some up to 99 years) to the claimants.

- 28 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Under these circumstances, the CLS Project and RA teams will simply have to refer the disputes to the MLR, CLB and investigating committees. A further impediment associated with the larger properties of influential people is the fact that most of these land owners live far from their farms. Even though every effort will be made through the Communication Programme to request the presence of all land holders, many of the people owning large farms will simply be absent when the RTs conduct their field work. One solution will be to allow local informants to verify the boundaries of the large properties, and then request that the actual owners later visit the local MLR offices to complete and sign the applications. Nevertheless, the boundaries of these parcels remain subject to the public verification process.

- 29 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

7. DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRATION AREAS 7.1. Reference Areas for Communal Land Right Registration The main reference areas for the CLS Project within the Northern Communal Area are the six Communal Land Board Areas that mainly refer to six political regions in Northern Namibia as depicted in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Six political regions covered by the CLS Sub-Activity

The MLR currently conducts their registration campaigns per constituency within each of these Regions. Although the CLS team considered constituency boundaries for planning of registration areas, the actual selection of CLS registration areas (RAs) is based on the criteria described in the following section.

7.2. Selection, Statistics and Overview for CLS Registration Areas The CLS Project will focus on areas with substantial remaining commonage, preferably but not purely within CBRLM Rangeland Intervention Areas (RIAs), and therefore on areas with low to medium density of land parcels, where measures of preservation appear promising.

Secondary selection criteria are:  Occurrence of existing or planned Conservancies and Community Forests, many of which are included in the CBRLM RIAs  Suitability as test area for the development of new administration and registration methods for improved communal natural resource management  Areas where improved land use management is required  Level of commitment by TAs and other stakeholders (conflict areas with limited chance of resolution to be avoided)  Compliance with Government plans on land use changes and coordination with the ongoing registration programme of MLR

The selection criteria were applied to the GIS data sets mentioned below, to select and define at least one registration area per region. The following GIS data layers supported the selection process: - 30 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

      

Data from the Relevant Land Parcel Report CBLRM Rangeland Intervention Areas (RIAs) Conservancies and Community Forests Distribution of dwelling units (residential, business and other), as obtained from the National Planning Commission Secretariat (NPCS), giving an indication of the distribution of land parcels in a particular area Topographic features which may serve as boundaries for the RAs, such as roads and rivers Administrative boundaries, e.g. regional, constituency, traditional authority, local authority Communal villages and location of headmen homesteads

Agreement was reached on the following registration areas:

RA No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Region Ohangwena Omusati Kunene & Omusati Oshana & Oshikoto Oshikoto Kavango

Estimated No. of parcels 2.000 1.200 600 4.800 800 650

Total area (ha) 345.000 1.150.000 321.000 463.000 277.000 83.800

10.050

2.639.800

Total

SmallLarge holder state Properties properties (ha) (ha) 76.000 20.000 46.000 32.000 5.800 0 144.000 0 39.000 0 10.200 4.300 321.000

56.300

Large private Remaining farms Commonage (ha) (ha) 3.300 245.700 104.000 968.000 25.000 290.200 6.000 313.000 95.000 143.000 0 69.300 233.300

2.029.200

Table 2: CLS Registration Areas

The number of parcels is based on counts of households visible in aerial photographs taken about 3 years ago. The numbers will therefore be somewhat higher when field work begins in each RA, probably having increased at an annual growth rate of about 2%. Areas estimated as commonage were taken as those further than 500 metres from any household, and they thus do not include small areas of ‘commonage’ between adjacent properties etc. The estimates thus focus on expanses of land that are indeed open and from which resources are used ‘communally’. Likewise, areas belonging to small holders are estimated as those within 500 metres of homesteads. The figures given in the table above are based on the best information now available, and thus provide reasonable guidance for planning purposes. However, it must be accepted that many of these figures will change because better information will become available just before the RT teams begin work in each RA. Changes in land occupation will also occur over the next few years. Based on these figures, just over 2 million hectares of commonage should be identified, which represents approximately 77% of land within all the six RAs.

- 31 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Figure 3: Overview of CLS Registration Areas RA1 – RA6 (Source: Own Compilation)

The registration areas are described in more detail in the next section.

- 32 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

7.3. Registration Area 1 ‘Okongo’ - Ohangwena Region

Figure 4: Registration Area 1 ‘Okongo’ - Ohangwena Region (Source: Own Compilation) Much of the proposed registration area (RA) consists of the Okongo Conservancy, which was gazetted in August 2009. The Okongo Community Forest, which was legally registered early in 2005, overlaps the eastern half of the conservancy, while the Okongo quarantine farm is also in this eastern area. The Rangeland Intervention Areas (RIA) Number 23 (Ombudiya) and 24 (OmufituWekuta) have been established in this RA by the MCA-CBRLM project. South of the conservancy is a zone in which the Ministry of Lands & Resettlement have surveyed 24 farms, each of which covers 2,500 hectares. By no means It can be expected that these farms will be allocated in their present form since there are already some large farms in the area that were fenced off or acquired informally during the 1990s. Moreover, large numbers of small-holders of residential and farm plots live in the area proposed for the 24 surveyed farms; they would be displaced if the farms were to be allocated to individual owners, requesting for huge amounts of compensation payments. MLR staffs in Eenhana indicated that there are about 200 such small-holders in this area. A firm decision on this matter by MLR cannot be expected, although we can be confident that the 24 farms will not be developed. Under these circumstances and once the field teams have collected all the application forms, clear recommendations could be made to the MLR that the customary rights of residents be respected and that the idea of allocating 24 farms be abandoned. Almost all small-holder plots in the RA are located close to circular pans that formed during much wetter periods thousands of years ago. The margins of the pans provide the only soils suited to crops in the area, and all fields and houses are thus clustered around the pans. Extensive areas of commonage woodland cover the zones between the villages and pans. - 33 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Most livestock grazing in the area belong to residents. The animals typically leave their kraals or pens each morning, spend the day grazing and browsing in the commonages around the pans and villages, and then return in the late afternoon to drink and be penned overnight. The whole area is locally known as Omauni, and also provides some seasonal grazing for cattle belonging to Uukwanyama farmers who live elsewhere. These are tended by herdsmen that accompany the cattle. They and those of local residents often graze across the border in Angola. About 71% of the area is commonage. The southern boundary of this registration area is the border between the Ohangwena and Oshikoto regions. Most of the RA is under the control of the Uukwanyama Traditional Authority, but control over a zone along the southern margins of the RA is contested between the Uukwanyama and Ndonga TAs. Methods to circumvent complications arising from this dispute may have to be found if local leaders object to applications being processed through TA channels which they deem to be wrong. The registration of individual small-holder properties should be easy in most cases because the boundaries of most properties are clearly visible on the aerial photographs. There will be about 3 000 such properties in the RA.

7.4. Registration Area 2 “Sheya Shuushona” - Omusati Region

Figure 5: Registration Area 2 ‘Sheya Shuushona’ - Omusati Region (Source: Own Compilation) RA2 falls entirely in the Omusati region and covers part of the Ruacana, Tsandi and Okahao constituencies. Much of the RA covers the entire areas of the Uukwaluudhi and Sheya Shuushona - 34 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

conservancies. The Uukwaluudhi Community Forest is also included because it shares the same borders as its namesake conservancy. Outside these conservation areas, the western boundary of the RA runs along the main road between Kamanjab and Ruacana. A well-marked cut-line forms the short eastern boundary between Uukwaluudhi and Sheya conservancy. At least 84% of the RA is expected to be commonage, which is largely used for cattle grazing. Most of the animals belong to residents in local villages, while others are herded at cattle posts that are remote from the villages. Both conservancies have programmes to develop tourism, and increase wildlife numbers by protecting animals and some re-introductions. In the south-western corner of Sheya Shuushona are Ngandjela Pans 1 and 2, as well as Otjivalunda Pan 1. These are important sources of salt which people have harvested over the centuries for domestic use and trade. In addition, the pans have reserves of several minerals – trona, thenardite and burkeite – in which the mining industry has shown interest. Approximately 2 000 homesteads will be found in the area, most of which are clustered in villages. In addition to the many cattle posts, there is the Omatambo-Maowe quarantine farm and 13 large private farms, some of which exceed 10 thousand hectares. The farms generally lie in the southern zone of the RA, just north of the Etosha fence. The Ongandjera TA has objected strongly to the presence of these farms and has, at least once, sent written instructions demanding that their owners dismantle the fences that enclose their farms. To our knowledge, the presence of these farms remains a problem which is unlikely to be resolved in the near future. The RTs should map the boundaries of the farms, as well as those of the Omatambo-Maowe quarantine farm, but the CLS project should not involve itself in attempting to have the farms registered since this will lead to considerable dispute. Most cattle posts, which usually consist of several kraals, small huts and wells, are owned and used by a number of families. Cattle from these families are thus jointly managed and herded around the cattle posts. It is expected that property rights over cattle posts (as leaseholds or customary land rights provided for in the Communal Land Act of 2003) will not be accorded to any individual. Principally, there is an alternative option for registration as a group right, but it appears premature at this stage. However, some people who own very large herds of cattle that are managed separately from other herds of other people may insist on registering cattle posts that they have established. Such cattle posts may then have to be mapped and registered to cover the small areas that immediately surround the posts. But this option has to be carefully considered and included in the “policy review”. The RA falls within the Uukwaluudhi and Ongandjera traditional authority areas. As far as is known, there are no boundary disputes between these two TAs. For present planning, the RA has been kept within recognized boundaries. However, it would be logical to extend registration activities later on to the area between Sheya Shuushona and RA4 (Ombuga/Ekuma Registration Area) to include the large expanse of commonage grazing between the two RAs (see Figure 5).

- 35 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

7.5. Registration Area 3 ‘Ehirovipuka’ – Kunene and Omusati Regions

Figure 6: Registration Area 3 ‘Ehirovipuka’ - Kunene & Omusati Regions (Source: Own Compilation) This RA consists largely of the Ehirovipuka Conservancy, which was legally registered in January 2001 and covers an area of 1 980 square kilometres. To its north lies the western area of the proposed Orupupa conservancy (1 234 square kilometres) which has yet to be gazetted. About one third of this RA now falls in the Omusati Region (Ruacana Constituency), while the remaining two-thirds are in the Kunene Region. However, the whole RA is in what used to be pre-independence Kaokoveld and, as a result, the RA is under the control of Herero traditional authorities, and it needs to be ascertained which of the authorities that control all or some of the RA are recognized, and which are not recognized by the government. Decisions on how to proceed with registration in this area can be made when more information is available about TAs and their precise boundaries, when the policy review is complete and when the CLS project has gained more experience from registration work in other areas. A process is to be developed where issues like this can be resolved among MLR, MCA-Namibia and GTZ-IS. A clear plan has to be on hand before the registration process will be started. A further aspect to be checked just before the registration process begins will be the status of claims to several large farms in the area, as well as plans by the MLR to establish a number of (large) smallscale farms in the north-west of the RA. Twenty-nine properties have been mapped and verified, and are included in the database held at the MLR in Windhoek. It is not known how many of these have been registered. It is also not known how many more properties that have been mapped have yet to be included in the database. Again, - 36 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

updated information on these aspects will have to be obtained prior to the RTs beginning their field work. The main land uses in the RA are livestock and wildlife farming, and tourism. The RA has been proposed as two Rangeland Intervention Areas by the MCA-CBRLM project, respectively called Orupupa and Ehirovipuka.

7.6. Registration Area 4 ‘Ombuga-Ekuma’ – Oshana and Oshikoto Regions

Figure 7: Registration Area 4 ‘Ombuga-Ekuma’ – Oshana & Oshikoto Regions (Source: Own Compilation) This large RA has been planned to cover most of the saline grasslands used extensively for cattle grazing. The western and central grasslands in the RA are locally called the ombuga, while the Omadhiya Lakes and the Ekuma River are important features within the RA. The whole RA borders on the northern fence of Etosha National Park. For purposes of ensuring that the RA operates within recognised and gazetted boundaries, it was proposed that the RA covers the entire extent of the Uuvadhiya and Okatyali constituencies in the Oshana Region as well as the Omuntele Constituency in Oshikoto. A drawback to aligning the RA with the three constituencies is the necessary inclusion of several thousand small-holder properties in the northern areas of Uuvadhiya (about 950 households) and Okatyali (approximately 600 homes) and eastern areas of Omuntele (about 3,100 homes). However, MLR staff have already mapped and verified a significant number of these properties. For example, about 250 properties are now included in the MLR database in Windhoek. How many more - 37 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

have, and will have been done by the time the CLS Project begins its registration activities in the RA will then have to be determined. This will allow the CLS Project to complement and support the ongoing field work of MLR staff in Oshana and Oshikoto. The extensive saline grasslands as well as some large areas of mopane shrub-land provide important grazing grounds for large numbers of cattle. Hundreds of cattle posts have been established where the animals are penned at night. The cattle also usually drink from water drawn out of deep handdug wells (eendungu) near the cattle posts. After good summer rains and water flows down the oshana drainage lines, local pans and the Omadhiya Lakes hold water which the cattle use as well. One part of the RA has been proposed as a community forest, but this has not been legally registered as yet. The Oshiku Shithilonde East RIA (Rangeland Intervention Area) which has been earmarked by the MCA-CBRLM project is included in this RA. Commonage areas make up about 67% of the RA. The western area of the RA is under the jurisdiction of the Kwambi TA while the Ndonga TA holds sway in the eastern area. As far as is known, there are no significant boundary disputes between the two TAs. Most cattle posts, which usually consist of several kraals, small huts and wells, are owned and used by a number of families. Cattle from these families are thus jointly managed and herded around the cattle posts. It is expected that property rights over cattle posts (as leaseholds or customary land rights provided for in the Communal Land Act of 2003) will not be accorded to any individual. Principally, there is an alternative option for registration as a group right, but it appears premature at this stage. However, some people who own very large herds of cattle that are managed separately from other herds of other people may insist on registering cattle posts that they have established. Such cattle posts may then have to be mapped and registered to cover the small areas that immediately surround the posts. But this option has to be carefully considered and included in the “policy review”, a situation which appears very similar to that of Sheya Shuushona (see 7.4).

- 38 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

7.7. Registration Area 5 ‘Engodi’ - Oshikoto Region

Figure 8: Registration Area 5 ‘Engodi’ - Oshikoto Region (Source: Own Compilation) The registration area lies immediately south of the Okongo RA, and covers a zone lying between large numbers of small-holder residential and farm plots in the west and the many informally (socalled ‘illegally’) acquired large farms north of the Mangetti farms and west of the Kavango Region border. A major purpose in focusing registration activities in this area is to secure commonage grazing for local small-holder farmers who do not have access to the kind of significant off-farm incomes available to ‘owners’ of the large informally fenced-off farms. Most local homesteads and their small enclosures are also clustered around pans or inter-dune valleys where the soils are more conducive to crop growth than in the intervening Kalahari Sands. The area is also one of very few in Owambo that offers space to people wishing to establish new small residential and farm plots. This is because some unoccupied pans and inter-dune valleys where fresh water may also be obtained from shallow wells. Almost no such opportunities remain elsewhere in the North because the soils are either poor and/or water is not available. The boundaries of the RA as now proposed would lead to the verification of about 800 properties belonging to small-holders and perhaps 10-20 large ‘illegal’ farms (the term ‘illegal” was used ever since influential people started acquiring massive farms, and the government has pronounced these farms and/or fencing as being illegal several times). Clearly, the CLS project does not want to get involved with endorsing or supporting GRN efforts to change the status of land in the area if its use or ownership is contested. However, the CLS project has to map the farms if commonage areas are to be defined. This mapping will not constitute any support to the GRN to change the status of the - 39 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

land. Quite the reverse should be the case: by mapping the farms more people will be aware of their existence and extent and the degree to which they pose a risk to customary uses of communal resources. No RIAs have been proposed in this RA.

7.8. Registration Area 6 ‘Mashari’ - Kavango Region

Figure 9: Registration Area 6 (‘Mashari’) - Kavango Region (Source: Own Compilation) This registration area lies in the eastern half of the proposed Kapinga Kamwalye conservancy. The RA extends south from the Okavango River up to the northern boundary of the area that has been allocated for (large) small-scale farms. These farms south of the RA cover at least 2 500 hectares each and have been assigned to owners, many of whom now have leaseholds of up to 99 years. Along the Okavango River and roughly south to the Rundu-Divundu tar road are large numbers of small-holder residential and farm plots. There are also several more circumscribed villages (where homes and fields are clustered) south of the Rundu-Divundu tar road, such as Baramashoni, Vikota and Fumbe. The MCA-CBRLM project has identified this area as a potential RIA. Cattle are typically penned at the homes of their owners at night, and then usually either graze along the Okavango River or in the southern ‘inland’ commonages during the day.

- 40 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Several challenges will have to be met before and during the registration process in this Kavango RA. First, the cooperation of the local traditional authority will have to be obtained. The entire RA is under the control of the Shambyu Traditional Authority, which has been slightly more sympathetic towards customary land registration than other Kavango traditional authorities. The CLS Project will also need to investigate the degree to which higher and lower levels of TA approval will be needed. By 2008 the Shambyu TA had already collected about 2,000 applications for customary land registration from all over its area of jurisdiction, whose further processing with help of CLS may provide an excellent “in-road” into Kavango. Second will be the need to establish mechanisms to map, verify and register different plots belonging to the same householder. This is because many of the homes have fields that are up to several kilometres away from their homestead areas. A third and related challenge will be the possible need to accommodate aspirations for people to register land that they have yet to occupy. This may arise in response to the apparent problem that registration would limit opportunities to clear new fields as and when people feel the need to do so. It is anticipated that field work in this RA will only begin later on, perhaps in 2013. While much current detail will be still be visible on the aerial photographs taken in 2007 and early 2008, mapping properties will then be more difficult by the time the registration process begins. This challenge may be overcome by acquiring new aerial or satellite photographs of the area. Finally, unlike other areas in which the CLS Project is functional, there is no experience and public awareness of land registration in Kavango. As a result, more effort will be needed to establish procedures and the co-operation of local land-holders.

7.9. Schedule for Deployment of Registration Teams     

During April/May to July 2011, two teams (RT1 and RT2) will be assigned to RA1 – Okongo (Ohangwena Region, based in Eenhana). In the beginning of August 2011, these two teams will split. RT1 will continue in RA1, while RT2 will proceed with RA2 – Sheya Shuushona (Omusati Region, based in Outapi). In the beginning of 2012, three new teams, RT3, RT4 and RT5, will commence fieldwork in RA3 – Ehirovipuka, RA4 – Ombuga-Ekuma and RA 5 –Engodi. RT3 will be based in Opuwo (Kunene Region), RT4 in Oshakati (Oshana Region) and RT5 in Omuthiya. The new teams will be trained and supported by the teams already working. A registration team (RT6) for the Kavango Region will only be recruited once the situation with regard to acceptance of communal land registration by TAs has improved in this region.

- 41 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 8.1. Data Collection Plan The CLS Data Collection Plan (DCP) describes the methodology and approach for collecting the data required for monitoring indicators, as well as systems for maintaining data quality, data storage and data organisation. Therefore, in accordance with the M&E plan of MCA-N, the DCP establishes a binding list of indicators together with the means of monitoring them in the Indicator Definition Table (IDT) as well as the monitoring frequency in the Indicator Tracking Table (ITT). In order to collect the data required for these indicators, a baseline will be established before the RT begins its activities in an RA. Information will be obtained from the respective CLB with regard to the number of applications received, verified and registered parcels etc. It will be assured that the necessary data will be captured by the CLB and easily being requested and fed into NCLAS by the RT.

8.2. Quarterly Reports The CLS Quarterly Progress Reports 1-15 and the Quarterly List & Maps of treated Land Parcels 1-9 will provide the data on monitoring indicators as being defined and scheduled by IDT and ITT, including their targets defined in the Monitoring Framework for Component 5 and results to date.

8.3. Monitoring Framework Based on the lists of verified and unverified cases produced from Component 4, the CLS-team will develop a “Monitoring Framework” to monitor the review and adjudication of applications for each CLB area. This framework will enable the monitoring of progress by both the CLBs in adjudicating applications for verified cases and the investigating committees in their investigations of unverified cases. The CLS-team will be responsible for providing support to the CLBs and investigating committees and reporting on progress against these targets. The monitoring framework will contain agreed targets for each CLB area in respect to the issuance of documentation and registration of “verified cases” and the conducting of further investigations and the submission of reports on these investigations to the relevant CLB for unverified cases. These targets will be adopted as agreed deliverables for each CLB area and the CLS-team will be expected to report in the quarterly progress reports against these agreed targets. The monitoring framework will also contain agreed mechanisms for measuring the progress made in cases where investigations have revealed the commission of an offence and the need for referral. The mechanisms will ensure that progress made by the investigating committees in this regard can be objectively measured.

8.4. Referral of Cases to the Relevant Authorities These referrals will be issued by the CLBs, and, as such, are desired outputs of the CLS Sub-Activity, and should be reported in the Quarterly Reports beginning from the commencement of Component 5.

- 42 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

9. EXIT STRATEGY Towards the second half of 2013 until April 2014, the CLS Project will focus on the transfer of the developed land administration systems to the MLR. At the same time the project will concentrate on refinement of the system, a smooth transfer of functions, systems and procedures, and assessment and assurance of capacity at all levels (including TAs, CLBs, investigating committees, and MLR registration teams). It is expected that by the end of 2013, most of the land registration and administration functions will have been completely transferred to the MLR, CLBs and TAs. By that time they should be well trained, and systems should be sufficiently developed to continue without the CLS Project. The only function which will still be performed by CLS teams is the verification of parcels.

9.1. Transfer of Functions and Registration Teams It is envisaged that the CLS registration teams be transferred to the MLR by the end of the CLS project, if possible. This will ensure continuity with the registration process, as these teams will have the required skills and experience, and they will be well acquainted with the systems and methodologies by then. This will also include the transfer of all facilities and equipment acquired by the CLS Project for their registration campaigns. The handover should be formal, to ensure that all stakeholders are fully informed on the transfer in functions, facilities and responsibilities at the end of the CLS Project. The intention is that the MLR maintains the commitment and momentum gained through this project, and proceeds with the land registration process as part of their normal functions.

- 43 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

ANNEX 1: RSIP Strategic Planning Matrix (Logical Framework) Objectives

Outputs

Indicators

(1) Support the development of a GIS based land information system to identify, verify and capture all existing land uses and land rights within specific registration areas, in order to contribute to more effective and efficient land management and administration in communal areas

Digital land information system containing legal (e.g. property ownership or cadastre), physical (e.g., topography, man-made features), and cultural (e.g., land use, demographics) information in a common and accurate reference framework

Number of parcels recorded in the LIS

(2) Verify and, to the maximum extent possible, register, all parcels or clusters of parcels within registration areas, regardless of their size or use

Digital database comprising of complete register of verified, registered and disputed land rights within specific registration areas

Number of parcels recorded in the LIS (verified, registered, disputed). Refer to CLS DCP.

Activities a. System development and refinement

2010

2011

2012

2013

x x x x

b. Built up and maintenance of Land Information System in the Oshakati office for internal and external use

x x x x x

x x x x x x x x

c. Data integration (GIS data, e.g. topographical, from other sources with the new NCLAS)

x x x x

x x x x

a. Recruitment and training of RTs

x x x x

x x

b. Training and Communication Campaigns (TSIP & CSIP)

x x x

x x x x x x x x

c. Deployment of RTs per RA and verification of land parcels

x x x

x x x x x x x x

d. Support of CLBs with investigation, adjudication and registration

x x

x x x x x x x x

e. Record management (as per DCP)

x x

x x x x x x x x

- 44 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

RSIP Strategic Planning Matrix (logical framework) (continued)

Objectives

Outputs

Indicators

Activities

(3) Identify and define remaining commonage areas through the systematic verification of all land parcels within a specific registration area

Well defined (spatially) commonage areas, which will facilitate improved management of these areas

Commonage areas (quantity and area) defined in the NCLAS

Tasks as for Objective (2) to define the “complement”

(4) Support related MCA-N activities with regard to land tenure issues, i.e. CBRLM Sub-Activity, Indigenous Natural Products Activity, and Conservancy Support SubActivity

Registration of groups rights on defined resource management units in the commonage, to improve management of these areas for tourism, grazing and other purposes.

Number and hectares of resource management units verified and/or registered

Identification, verification, adjudication and possible registration of group rights on parcels on the commonage Support to related MCA-N activities with regard to Land Administration as requested (CBRLM, CSP etc.)

2010

2011

2012

2013

x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

Other land administration support to be determined

- 45 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

ANNEX 2: Model for integrated implementation of CLS core strategies in a Registration Area

The various CLS sub-activity components, as set out in Figure 1, will be implemented in an integrated and complimentary manner. At the heart of the integration model is the RSIP. Implementation of the RSIP in the selected six RAs is scheduled over a three years time period. The schematic integration plan below is a rough indication of the timing of the roll-out of the RSIP and activities under other components (i.e. CSIP, TSIP, DCP - M&E plan, as well as the preparation of the Procedures, Operations and Systems, Policy “review” and Land Information System (LIS)) during the initial implementation phase in 2011. The registration teams will commence field work in May 2011. As shown in Annex 6, in the beginning of April two registration teams will be hired and trained to conduct the field work together in RA 1 from May onwards. From August onwards one of the TRs will start in RA 2. Work will be carried out with alternating one-week periods in the field and subsequently one-week data processing at the regional office. As of March 2011, some two-and-a-half months prior to the actual roll-out of the registration process in the RA, CSIP activities will commence. A two-pronged approach will be applied. Firstly, the Civic Education Campaign (CEC) will be launched, with activities to be rolled out in all target regions, and with a focus on the selected RAs. Additionally, specific communication about the registration process and the announcement of the field teams will be conducted on a RA specific level. Usually such communication activities will start up to six weeks to two months prior to the kick-off of RSIP related activities, and approximately two weeks to one month prior to the commencement of TSIP specific training activities in each RA. It is noted that the roll-out of the registration process is a step-by-step process, and certain areas in a RA will only be covered after several weeks. Therefore relevant CSIP activities in a RA will be ongoing until the RA is fully covered, and the CEC is designed to keep the overall momentum. Specific training events, with a training content that is specifically tailored to provide traditional leaders with knowledge and basic skills that are required to meaningfully take part in the verification and registration process – and enable them to implement the provisions of the CLRA in the future, are scheduled for each RA. The number of such scheduled training events depends on the number of event participants and the demographic distribution of participants in the specific RA. It is noted that several additional training events will take place for CLBs and MLR staff, which are not specifically depicted in this schematic integration model. The development of the Procedures, Operations and Systems manual will be ongoing in the first year of the project, and is based on and verified and improved through the experiences gained in the first pilot RA. In this context, a subactivity deliverable, the P. O. S report, is scheduled for 31 August 2011. Policy “review” activities are already ongoing and will continue through the sub-activity up until end of August 2011, laying the foundation for follow-up work as required and identified through the review process. Several CSIP activities are designed to support the policy “review” process and dialogues, as well as specific TSIP activities, i.e. the specific courses in selected RAs are tailored to integrate and address needs stemming from related component activities. A final draft report on the policy review is scheduled for the end of May, and public workshop must be conducted before the end of August 2011. The LIS is intimately linked to the M&E and DCP, and relevant data collection and processing activities and will run parallel to the implementation of the RSIP, CSIP, TSIP and other relevant sub-activity elements, respectively. The DCP framework was developed parallel to and in coordination with the development of the three main strategy documents and implementation plans. The final LIS monitoring framework will is due for submission by October 2011. M&E is an ongoing process; the respective results will be presented in the quarterly reports. In fact, special emphasis is put on the integrated development of all sub-activity components, with direct linkages of content and implementation planning.

- 46 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Model of integrated CLS project implementation in a RA Weeks

January 1

2

February 3

4

5

March 6

7

8

April 9

10

11

12

May

13

14

15

16

June

17

18

19

Testing of pilot approach

20

July 22

23

24

25

26

27

Assessment of pilot approach

Preparation of communication materials Hiring of staff

Intro to RC, TAs Training

TSIP

Preparation of training materials Hiring of staff

Intro to RC, TAs Training

Airing of V&R schedule

adds

Hiring of staff

RSIP

CSIP

Civic Education Campaign

Training eventTraining 1 event 2

adds

Training of field staff

Registration field work & processing of data

Additional Training events in line with MLR schedule of V&R roll out in region 2011 - 2013

Training evetnTraining 1 event 2

Procedures, Operations & Systems Development of Manual

Testing of Manual

P, O & S report (31/08)

Policy “review” Ongoing

Final report (31/5)

Public w/shop (31/8)

Land Information System (LIS) Ongoing

Monitoring framework (31/10)

M&E and Data Collection Plan QR TBD3 31/1

QR 4 30/4

- 47 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

QR 5 31/7

ANNEX 3: RSIP Implementation Plan 2011-2014

Policy Review (PR): - Mechanism for Groups Rights - Lease Rates & Methodology - Procedures for Leaseholds - Assignment & Other Transfers of Leaseholds - Women & Other Vulnerable Groups - PR Workshop Procedures, Ops. & Systems Review: - Develop new application forms - Review Ops Manual & Procedures - Develop Survey Standards & Methodology - Refine Data Structures & Specifications - Refine Specs & Procedures for CLS Cadastre - Develop Record Management Systems - Develop Quality Management System - Develop Criteria for Investigating Committees - Develop Procedures for Complaints - Develop System for Land Right Changes Ohangwena Region (RA1)

- 48 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

2013 Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

2012 Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Activity Develop ToR for CLS field staff Acquire equipment Sign office rental agreements (all regions) Obtain household data from NPCS Obtain data from Namwater & Nampower Obtain data from MLR & MRLGRD Digitize & Integrate Data Sets Coordination/liaison with MLR General CLS Communication Campaign

Jan

2011

Set up Office & Facilities (Eenhana) Recruitment of registration team (RT1) Orientation & Training of RT1 Official Launch of CLS Registration Campaign Communication Campaign Training/Preparation of TAs Deploy RT1 & RT2 in RA1 (verification) Deploy RT1 alone in RA1 (verification) RT1 continue with new RAs RTs support CLB with disputes & registration Omusati Region (RA2) Set up Office & Facilities (Outapi) Recruitment of registration team (RT2) Orientation & Training of RT2 Communication Campaign Training/Preparation of TAs Deploy RT2 alone in RA2 (verification) RT2 continue alone with new RAs RTs support CLB with disputes & registration Kunene & Omusati Regions (RA3) Set up Office & Facilities (Opuwo) Recruitment of registration team (RT3) Orientation & Training of RT3 Communication Campaign Training/Preparation of TAs Deploy RT2 with RT3 in RA3 (verification) Deploy RT3 alone in RA3 (verification) RT3 continue alone with new RAs RTs support CLB with disputes & registration Oshana/Oshikoto Regions (RA4) Set up Office & Facilities (Omuthiya) Recruitment of registration team (RT4) Orientation & Training of RT4 Communication Campaign Training/Preparation of TAs Deploy RT1 with RT4 in RA4 (verification) Deploy RT4 alone in RA4 (verification) RTs support CLB with disputes & registration

- 49 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Oshikoto Region (RA5) Set up Office & Facilities (Omuthiya) Communication Campaign Training/Preparation of TAs Deploy RT1 in RA5 (verification) RT1 continue with new RAs RTs support CLB with disputes & registration Kavango Region (RA6) Set up Office & Facilities (Rundu) Recruitment of registration team (RT6) Orientation & Training of RT6 Communication Campaign Training/Preparation of TAs Deploy RT6 with RT2 in RA6 (verification) Deploy RT6 alone in RA6 (verification) RT6 continue alone with new RAs RTs support CLB with disputes & registration

- 50 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

ANNEX 4: Description of Policy Review (according to CLS Terms of Reference)

Policy Review Under Component 2 of the CLS-Project, the Team will develop a set of recommendation to address the policy issues listed below, along with any additional issues that the Team believe need to be resolved in order to facilitate the smooth implementation of the verification, registration and investigation process. The Policy Review will investigate the following issues:  Leasehold or other group tenure rights: The review will include consideration of mechanisms under the Communal Land Reform Act for granting secure land tenure rights to groups, such as local communities or conservancies, in order to allow them to manage the use of defined areas for grazing or tourism purposes.  Rental payable on state leaseholds: The CLS-team will perform a review of these rental values and the methodology for determining them will be identified and explained.  Processing of applications for leaseholds of over 10 years or for over 50 hectares: The CLRA currently requires Ministerial approval of any leasehold that is for longer tan 10 years, or for an area larger than 50 hectares. This will create a significant bottleneck in the CLS Sub-activity, which is focusing on long term land rights for large tracts of land. In addition, the requirement for Ministerial approval is perceived by some investors (in all sectors, including agriculture and tourism) to require to o much time and to impose unnecessary layering of approvals, considering that all leaseholds already require approval of both the CLB and TA. The review will include consideration of the elimination of the requirement for Ministerial approval, or the delegation of Ministerial authority to the CLBs, in cases in which leasehold applications have been approved by CLBs and TAs in compliance with the published procedures that include opportunities for public review and comment, as well as other safeguards against land grabs at the expense of local communities.  Processing of Leaseholds in conservancies: The current perception among investors in the tourism sector is that the process for approval of tourism leaseholds in conservancies is too cumbersome and time-consuming. The CLS-team will review and analyse these procedures and will recommend methods for streamlining the process that are consistent with the continued protection of the interest of conservancies (including the possible elimination of the requirement for Ministerial approval in the case of leases of over 10 years).  Assignments and other transfers of leaseholds: As leaseholds become more prevalent, CLBs are increasingly likely to face requests for approval of assignments and other transfers of leaseholds interests, including the mortgaging of leaseholds. The CLS-team will assist the MRL in developing policies and procedures for the processing of such requests, including criteria upon which request are to be reviews and approved, as well as procedures for recording approval transfers.  Women and other vulnerable groups: The CLRA does not proved for the registration of rights jointly in the name of both the husband and wife, so the husband’s name tends to appear on the registration application form. The CLS-team will analyse the current application of the Act and shall recommend measures to be incorporated in its verification and registration procedures, as well as in the Operations Manual and forms to ensure that women and other vulnerable groups are not disadvantaged by the verification and registration work.  20-Hectare limit: Recent studies have indicated that although most people are aware of their obligation to register their customary and leasehold rights, there is considerable confusion regarding the 20 hectare limit on customary rights, the type and definition of farmland that may be registered, and the number of parcels that can be registered by one rights holder. The Policy Review will include an analysis of the 20-hectare limit and recommendation regarding how the - 51 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

objective of the 20-hectare limit might be achieved in other ways so as to permit the elimination of the 20-hectare threshold.

- 52 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

ANNEX 5: Recognised Traditional Authority Areas (TAs)

With reference to the CLS designated regions there are a total of about 11 recognised Traditional Authority Areas that will be focussed on in the CLS Project. Undefined traditional authority areas in the North-western part of the project area do exist (see Figure 10 below). These areas show significant overlaps portraying disputed land portions. These relevant (recognised) TAs can be summarized as follows:  Gcriku TA;  Kwangali TA;  Mbunza TA;  Ombalantu TA;  Ondonga TA;  Ongandjera TA;  Oukwanyama TA;  Sambyu TA;  Uukolonkadhi TA;  Uukwaluudhi TA;  Uukwambi TA;

Figure 10: Traditional Authority Boundaries in the CLS Project Area

- 53 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

The consultant will consider the mapped Traditional Authority boundaries and related disputed areas during the registration process of relevant land holdings. TA digital data will be uploaded onto the GPS mapping devices during the field verification process.

- 54 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

ANNEX 6: Regional roll-out and activity schedule Location Oshana: Oshakati

Kavango: Rundu

Ohangwena: Eenhana

Omusati: Outapi

Oshikoto: Omuthiya

Kunene: Opuwo

Rental Agreement Rent free

Signed

Rent free

Rent free

To be signed until January 2011

To be signed until January 2011

Furnishing & Equipment Schedule Done

By January 2011 (incl. municipal & telecom services)

CLS Staff 1 GIS Operator (from March 2011 on) 3 Registration Officers 1 GIS Operator (from January 2012 on) 1 Admin Officer 1 Liaison Officer (from March 2011 on)

By January 2011 (incl. municipal & telecom services)

3 Registration Officers (from January 2012 on) 1 Admin Officer 1 Liaison Officer (from January 2011 on) 6 Registration Officers (= 2 Registration teams) (from April–July 2011 on) 1 Admin Officer 1 Liaison Officer (from January 2011 on)

By April 2011 (incl. municipal & telecom services)

3 Registration Officers (from July 2011 on) 1 Admin Officer 1 Liaison Officer (from April 2011 on)

By April 2011 (incl. municipal & telecom services)

3 Registration Officers (from January 2012 on) 1 Admin Officer 1 Liaison Officer (from April 2011 on)

By January 2011 (incl. municipal & telecom services)

3 Registration Officers (from January 2012 on)

Office Furniture Done

5 Tables & chairs 1 Cupboard 1 Credenza 2 Visitor chairs

5 Tables & chairs 1 Cupboard 1 Credenza 2 Visitor chairs

5 Tables & chairs 1 Cupboard 1 Credenza 2 Visitor chairs

5 Tables & chairs 1 Cupboard 1 Credenza 2 Visitor chairs

5 Tables & chairs 1 Cupboard 1 Credenza 2 Visitor chairs

IT Equipment 2 Desktop-Computers 2 Laptops & Charger 3 GPS 1 Mobile phone

2 Desktop-Computers 1 Printer/Fax 2 Laptops & Charger 1 GPS 1 Telephone 1 Mobile phone 2 Desktop-Computers 1 Printer/Fax 2 Laptops & Charger 1 GPS 1 Telephone 1 Mobile phone 2 Desktop-Computers 1 Printer/Fax 2 Laptops & Charger 1 GPS 1 Telephone 1 Mobile phone 2 Desktop-Computers 1 Printer/Fax 2 Laptops & Charger 1 GPS 1 Telephone 1 Mobile phone 2 Desktop-Computers 1 Printer/Fax 2 Laptops & Charger 1 GPS 1 Telephone 1 Mobile phone

- 55 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010

Transport & Camping

Start

Task

March 2011

1 car 4x4 Full camping equipment 2 cars 4x4

January 2012

April 2011

Campaigning Training Registration Campaigning Training

Full camping equipment

January 2012

Training Registration

2 cars 4x4

April 2011

Full camping equipment

(with 2 Registration teams to July 2011) July 2011 (team coming from Eenhana)

Campaigning Training Registration

1 car 4x4 Full camping equipment

Campaigning Training Registration

2 cars 4x4

April 2011

Training

Full camping equipment

January 2012

Campaigning Registration Training

2 cars 4x4

April 2011

Training

Full camping equipment

January 2012

Campaigning Training Registration

- 56 Registration Strategy and Implementation Plan –30th November 2010