Faecal Sludge Treatment and Reuse in Emergencies: A Case Study from Mahalaxmi Municipality, Nepal Presenting Authors
Reetu Rajbhandari Bipin Dangol Rajendra Shrestha
Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO) Partner organizations
Overview of the Presentation • Background • Flow Diagram with capacity of each component • Present Status • Laboratory Analysis Report • Performance of Treatment Plant • Lesson Learnt • Challenges • Way Forward
Background
Devastating earthquake in April 2015 in Nepal
Faecal sludge reuse complex
People residing in campsites
Construction of treatment plant
Construction of temporary toilets in campsites
Overflowing toilets in campsites
Background
Financial support
Construction Cost and Prefabricated Component’s Cost = USD 70,600
Designed treatment capacity 6 m3/week
Land area (300m2) provided by: Saligram Orphanage
Technical support: ENPHO and CDD Society
Gravity based system
No skilled labor required for day to day operation
Flow Diagram with Capacity of each Component 4 cum 6 + 6 =12 cum
Faecal Sludge 3 cum per feed
10 cum
4 cum
10 cum
15 sqm
20*3=60 sqm
Present Status (327 days of operation)
Number of loads arrived : 80
Volume of treated water generation: 4m3/week
Volume of Biogas used: 196 m3
Number of sampling done: 3 times
Laboratory Analysis Result Parameters
pH Electrical conductivity Total Solids Volatile Solids Total Alkanity as CaCO3 Nitrogen-Ammonia Nitrate Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) Organic Dry Matter Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Potassium (K) Helminths E.coli *FT= Feeding Tank *PGF= Planted Gravel Filter
Unit µS/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
After 76 days of operation Pre- Monsoon PGF Removal FT outlet (%) 7.9 8.1 NA 11840 5280 55.41% 5554 1590 71.37% 2206 536 75.70% 4390 2615 40.43% 1240 572 53.87% 0 0 NA 107 29 72.90% 1384 612 55.78% 1384 612 55.78% 2206 536 75.70%
After 152 days of operation Monsoon PGF Removal FT outlet (%) 7.3 7.5 NA 8370 2590 69.06% 4911 1064 78.33% 2172 319 85.31% 3730 319 91.45% 896 264 70.54% 5.2 0.5 90.38% 93 19 79.57% 1003 275 72.58% 1002 274 72.65% 2172 319 85.31%
After 271 days of operation Post-Monsoon PGF Removal FT outlet (%) 7.5 8 NA 5620 4410 21.53% 4997 2522 49.53% 2154 648 69.92% 3040 2240 26.32% 770 450 41.56% 4.9 ND(
