1950 12

VOLUME

SIX

M.ip of Western Europe

Home

Holy Land

to the

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M M BEK

XCVIII

Mid-Century

MAYNARD OWEN WILLIAMS

Colon

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Map

and Builds Her Future

r

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LllusiratfcpnE

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SYDNEY CLARK

Exploring" the World of Getng Wilh 34 Illustration* 24

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Large-scale Western Europe /.

W, Wes feoff, Postman With

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CY LA TO PR

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Darius Carved History on Ageless Rock GEORGE With 14 lUutiFftTiana and Map ex

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Holy Land

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up

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Found Friendship tin 're he S ilting below ihv hallmved widL of Jerusalem, ]

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riic

Hv Mavnakb JTTS

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remain* a hu^e Lirk pui^Je o>r a land jnijHto. Pfuhably nut For di-caries wftl i

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sinytme

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aiui bet ter life?

know

sutution-t glorious paths [but Christ irnd remain, iFse

ihruugh

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thiujgli

the

by

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and paMding of hostiti? >nly two ycatsf ago If is footstep* tfttiirvT were aiiiiift obitured by the tread of tank l.rark< and the furrows: ef jeep tires. But f-M“ bimd redj of yens ChrLsthm piil^rErEi^ |mvp h'lIdwh His coarse nt Knstertfmt'i to ci^nititehi fe*t;

i

111

.1

IkrtsLhentj where the drama of the New T L'ritAtFNfiit begins with the birth uf (hciM, and that part qF Jerusalem when. the Iasi chnpterB end with HtF, enii ji \ lt\n are bfith in [he hand:, of Arab 1 fan, Na^n-Mi, wb^ Jesuit -ipem chJldJicod jml jcw in hkii]’

mtp

bnicb ns y f Jubilee, where lie perHh many miracle Two Semitic nations, h&ndciiftVd by :lti uneasy armistice, guard alley revet ei hv the tolfmvers Lit three great faiib^ page 7 j 2

StPamer^ width serve MesKindria, Egypt, mid Htiritt, the hiotnlt® capital OF Lehinoi^ liyLast l&iss Israel A ports uf Jaffa and Haifa. >r ng, h nse r.i velers ent eri ng t hrmsjz h J e iv :i' -rr^ lou d not cfnss into the Jordan-held Old

1

Set nl

in

I

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Timeworn

What was PMle^me Is slowly hm mtAerinjt from he Atab-. Jewish wnr I

I

.mid steadily

Bright

S|Wts dot the desert, lint to attain bfgbci Mandard of living for more pt-aplr* Arab and

Jew must make fir Ed-, ^row more grain, rows produce more milk, hens more slurp more wool itnrJ meal, orchards nkw fntit, an airrhudiural land mart bidustrie®, and fudus^ fr_v more markets. \ timeworn land must

'hi-KiTcia^tifte

A L

-

Bin

l

i

it

jL-rusotetn,

they flock En

wh«re

E

le

b

I'uivi

ft

iJie

dimly

Wus bom. Desert

E'cnwt in tht

tii

if.y-

£ii"-r‘

mi

roid

in Jfnisifetit

1

i

i

i

t

Harder Work For

^

Ikdilrherii arntlo

lir

HL

hand, formed

r

His eiucy inlo the city

Ity of

JeriLsaJi-ni

ked En bi-in:i and pmceeded to the btii-lllng Jordan ogpittal of \mmati (page? t

r

l«ii-

ox JiffiiiitlMn." hy Muj Flihvant KdLJv tUlilth. XiVTIOSTAL CiEflllllAFTTir MjiriA/.ltff- i> ' V*1 in Ulc 'SAtm-nM. L^oir.-n.ii'iiTr 1 lJ Ls Fraud* ("IsiiM;, Jr,, (kloftefPiil^Lispu Tctluy,' * Sctf

IMS;

l

l

,

a.Enf

Ltn3

“AtTHfritUfi

Ma|. TinoJ Olvl-ii Clnmca In Ibble

ccml«T

3Q3f.

Flfthttn

\lfi

r

tijhlr

Taindli^

by

WilEUm-. Miurh. I'HO; "Chsfft l.iintb-,' by Fmferlck Sinipkh. Lk1

The

70S

National Gwgiiiphfc Mapa-tine

TTtiliH1 fc

+

rhi:> re Getting Bilker

T

Isrntdf

Ofphjww Apprise Poultry

>•

"snipiulfillJ

Diviilrtiis

cuilivc fttVcfl* Juice with the JfW* who tmnn* ilJuS thdr h.iml-^.L tonb I* u JfW unsallsitfcdL Tlli-tf l^tttrtW ,,, r pi^pj^ u fL n< friyiTiF re*Gld p lJ» lllU jV, flnir Aviv f pj^e TJJ idjJklrni'* vUbige in Ra'auumUr norm ut S".

TWsfv

,

fftrminjj

b

n

|

(

71 j

7 .V“j|.

r

t

ALriTiK

r jirmTuiniiii'N

A

of

J 1

.

bin,

1

litiilt

oVvFPtfebl in Lhe oil Sdtfcs

Amman

i?

ft

fftftit

growing diy.

hud 6QLwO residents Today ft boftSts more than 150.000 olid in onnthiif flw year* hopes lo tttto the half* m i] tii n mark. ago

years

Five

it

i

\Iud-i*,dJcd VilldtfF to

Tn imn

-

I

uxcai

line

whu knew

wall t'd is.

Tfi-ulri-n

vJ Hag* r

Modern City

2Q yeans ftfflts a* a wotsdea* wheeled wf h ii

t

courying through its mtruw 5tr^eL>t A Amman i- a great suipril*. On the

faei^hL- fine Iiutth'*

and titeellwL shoals

hw

arisen.

New ing

drtfjK, lifting, find

hammer spadmJ' t&W

apartment

Lire

The

stoneman' 's dins ,fltpaugb'.ULi t]i£ day.

up dJ nver the dly.

ir-K-

Against

w?tb the air^onditiatrerf

gotire-

In

the

;ind

shepherd in flowing- roln.toirniriii mi -hair ciwn, lading his sheep

kei

rpiiyj

?!6)*

these desert men who come heir flock r are the ro^tem in town wiih \\ itS* diintf.nt "I tJie Cioud Shepherd. uul them* millions os' acres of ?£mibamn |jitM"| w-iiiJrf he waMe, Where rainfall is less than Light inches^ a The shepherd, im year [cuo.iul life

To

Chrit(UtJ>

I

i

i

a thuiiBarrd tan live off

vt^ bis proved

that he, at least*

he UtmL In uic countrywide I saw fcradflo dispkrfvtx plow tag camels ami trucka speeding along, the i

splendid new highways. 3 bus driver honked lo riatf-iniJvtag caravan.

From

so™

j

*

flourishing

Sec H Arab

l^M

N.sT^J'-ll

r

(rum Battle Creek, Michigan,

strolls,

intT-|nr-.i-in biblical

owned In refuiwtfs from HnJfa and Jaffa, one can buy J?htr - from Tray tnffee fiwl ScotliunA,- and cum Slakes Stott*#

modern backdrop

this

1

WT.

In sharp conua^t,

dear the mad of a

'Amman

6uyrra4

CmutAyujiC

tbif

I

rode

down 1.H

Lib.

to ia

Dflcefttlptf,

Itnmc

tfi

the

Tidy

T

anJ

^ iriiKJ

MoiEjul-

THjm

dlampi

Cnm

it

Gentk

Sa Fflflftielintd IWi

7

I

I

»v

F\Vo Objuiuri l

rn |iliv I

E'itiilrj-n ntii'T

akili^

I

*

r-

IT1

ll

-

i

>9

r.

fy-plio^d Shirt*

pcptalkr ^urujit^ iSnib dtiUlrpn is Ais c* SllI Uzl icJufit fljmip seui Jerinha 1 r Hsb *maiiin tlrigi her rtBspriu^ wSHy-iiffly. Slutrr rtki, |JOti£hl ,r fifttW, ttW* tfext, rcnailm tjwpi* 'LL - T ir ,iji|,iH i: Ln 14 fcflnV vkc Tjphii* and djpinhttia injections *Imj j.rt given* Cifc

riii

ten!

:•

:

,

,i.Fr

is^n

j

.

TVrf*'

f 1

55

rp

;

M..

fp

-

Mnov-i 4

1

LEBANON EiCAndttion* f.n

p*t *T

P

iV.j

;?t

:

j ui*yqq

Mr

-.

*E\Qu^hm

N*J|L|ri

if *

SYRIAi.

' I

flLwilfltD.'

/

.

*

,*

fljfft'i.

jp- ift.

I

lee

I

a

(j

FJ K n u si n rvJ-’

r.tpi +

I

i

i

CanJ# wii a

^jn^rMdtdlm

—

<2-

^

mm

*f*

hfr-.i-ilT-lltll

Tlnh

h

$

t

UFti

£J tt/£s4*r

J rn.

f

!

Jf

! I

Af. j

I-Vpr *

I

-»i

ErRt?m rfo*

if

|

l-in uirecii--

^

^L K

Piivrs

Btitsn

-

Ajx.ift

z

/**

-±u-

ry.T*

L/ •,

±

-c

^ .

_

^c

v*

.

j&fujftjrjn Jfdlurm

Jaffa -Tel Aviv/}*

*,

Rlf/WD

S

I*

—

i,

1

Jl

TuyihZtTvyibc ?v\zbh S IShs-rh I’rn 4bi*biu.StSh*
c;ST

^„

F>

Ian Jordan

v f

*

r

ma*

/

£s5-iif

H

4

•PhifadcJphjdJ

Jj

•Ataman

"u

*./>

1

* fiaJwi'of -

,

^^ui;

- ,f

lf

,

“fr*?

I D1*l

i

.

»*

,

*»

;

.-•

erupaiem>,

f

-..* ,

,

ar «f|

d

'

*

’i

pWrfn/on

*

'£r2|teM, BE^ JSfte«/ n\ _ „ Jj

,

ej AfeW.w

/ .Af*«snrtr*uTr.v L

* A" :Y.\ r „T,|| In 4WM

J u , ,r r*'^L

....

lUKkOtft

Administered rn

l

!:

r

1

f L'fci

j

*Crder4

..

Jffiys* *

(GrrUfe

i

r

i

e „„ r

h^udm

v

m

.

i, A n*

’r-rai/l

,

,tf

fHa

iKfeai 1

13

V/

'

a

Acj/l/iJtrin

jf

/ftfJfJiArirt

TS

/...,V

Administered t>Yy!

KAjpj

Yuhh

y

^hi-T^rf J

Paltt’-i

rn

h

Tlrnkcn Tp.

I^raiirl,

Jikrdflti,

|

i?t

Tannch.-.

1|

1

I ^RE srR-J tlid

Pii?ktt(

t

p

Virf.** r

f|

f^ypi

I

jig

rfii:

3

mri lL

Pitict-S

AlJ

:

llmnc K

the

r.

i

*

i |

jnhin

[i-

tile

w h ich effwd

being a frn uincjfrd Arab PaUNiint (

Jndmi

whtii

ifef

d

1

1

-

in

year) tmiaed aver, urn! totted into Jerirho, five miles farther on Amiin, *ji when Mark AnLnrty gave El In Bui Cteopotm, Jr r Echo i* 3 winter resuri hist win ret the isiwri covered with four sevens! witrU-r Ifl 264 indites (if 5*Hjw 1 in* Our hi hr lowers! lawn* on the earthTs y m rVptil this

,

r

1

1

Mirfaer.

ft

litifs

it.

40

lirtuw

f«0t

Only 13 miles Irani Jenisalem^ below the Holy it y,

leVi-L

feet

ft Is

C

Mlsvtj

hl

lhtL

in

Kta|di>rrtt

Hidv

.

i.

n

,

.,

711

ccnjcitrvmcn

Hr

churuii.

1

n

Moslem-

his

1

ddm

tni^hl

the

The

near h>

his prayers

mn^que whi^h ijimmernnrate^ hb ^oud deed shines di.iwn on Clirbiuiii pQgrii^s. s-tood iherr, a Sudanese |HilhJerniin t In SuFl-spnkeu AimIik:, fthtnl Allah’s blessing on my evening. tramped home listen mil' to thu stilt

I

I

sound of

fct.

clippers of the

ht'elless

veiled

upon me-

l"hc spell of JeriLsalirtri wji^

ihr Jerusiiieru -oukti he lights Eti>rl nf ffittp Etml forge, iht rh h pnw of | 4 onmgen^ and tomritoes t he peddTm: rie? und the street warning of ihr mtih'ieeri!, ihe sipelj of jjdces, rnnt In hi ml phfin

1

h

1

I

i

World”

he

i

I

Vbnve ibe town mwers be Mount nl Tempii.itiuii. where the Devil let! Jesus and shewed nntn Him all ihr kingdoms of the world show Him I’ncbty Satan t-^uti fLiihr 4:5 1 only human nii*tiry and suffering, Bdmv, the land is denied with liitmsamk of l Lids and tJuiusnncb of feigned Arab ref tiger Fhese bonse]e.*> mi=n '.vuim n. and children, uim i?ed hit^el two years ago and cannot reI

freih-boked br&td.

fec* ant!

nit

r

m

tlinn

until thr

En ihrif h'l-isi^

huddle together

h

settled,

despair and

IheTr

Id

i- -tie

await

But

soUl 4

I**

this,

b

t^o +

City.

I

,

in

s

more tn the Hulv

nfifn^l

1

day*

Inc

r

die AtfUffhmi CnTuny

Teft

f

el-:

some

sights of postwar jernsakm d mfllinry i-om.iy aluftg Knblua fttwut A nl:« ["ires wvn r»n iinhui Jrwi .r. lt: n it- 1" Hivrbtatffih Hof^iha] inside the \r:ih Unrs,, to liike in

:

Once a tnpjMh

1

ruail trami: staf» Lun^ eobilghi

admit the Jew* anrl chsuge the fkHlrtmi cmird at thr tkisal-dowfi hosf>itJb1. to

their fate.

quenched from tbr Mime fnunrain which Elisha jmeAenrij with salt If Kings. 2 I9-Z2 but not their thirst for home, iTiG pliirhi nf these hometess smite b the s,iddi"Sl m .ill the I Inly Land today. At \in cs -Sul ran camp (pages 70ft, 727 r, dose in "where 'he wntls irimr ambling down before ThuEr

thirst

(

\ P

t

JoahiLi

>

trumpet*

many A rail

nu> mt\

Irj

encountered the

l

refugee-

ihrni w'uiikl starve

Bed Gross

Wn>

I

If

in >ee

at

Mewt

nf

VS

ho

wercii't

it

hrlrl

unit

but wbni

is r

A

them skttd history compared with These restless, despairrare of

O man*? own h rsme V re rif ing Arab* the woriidv tiriclufist fimblnms ud.iv With y, heavy heart skirted my climb to She city of jrrthuilm ffiagc 1

1

I

m

Mamiuc

in .irrEvfnp.

I

fur

t

wipjt

)i

u.tr s

U*

first

j

fd let -1

!

1

strullr'd

Fic

Vijierii.iin

me

through the

warmly. -laid-

wy

within

I

I

1

1

h

Whi n Si^phrnnios invited Oirtn^ Eii join him in prater In ihe Scpulcbtr, then the Church nf 'ius^raiirine the fatttr begued in be estusnl On it k \ plained lull, n be fScL

\\’nr

'J

1

I

-low rd

f'alrstinc

An^eolugieal .Mubut ha* Nil Eu hope Since PuJrstiuc

which b stDl up m. re of new finds page 7Zr.j broken up, new ifbaSnvrrit-^ ^ill i^li hi her in Jewish nr Arab iniL-ruin. mtess Vr-ib Chrisdiiiu. -Lj:d Jjsw tm unite ,tO keep the ^plertrlid l

iMUii

i-

I

i\

eat ibllshjneu i

.1 j

\w

B^CMtae aetoj

cloard.

hi

v&sily

Eit>

Arab

jts

Maun! Scopus

empty.

n,

tt-rriti -iv,

nr

lahfffftinri^

aj^il

1

m

tdrb +

1

l

:

i

the riwasm'rms

mudem

ibr

IrOrtfcaUy +

Jdirfitri

itnptis nte

<

Arab

Colteite

be

ihe Juwbh o.utii in of JerusaJetc arid ijlj. longer functNJTis. From rlic ^ burnt of Ubvi^ trmkctl ifnwn an the walled c Ly t Lratheil tt rn n iuh t in

I

Then

he hfeturlc walls nf tin- Old Cily to Christendom 4 hnlif^E du\ tbc Church nf ffoty Sepuldiri thi Pbp tiny m\r I" thr e-Hirtyurd w«h "tied \bnve me towered the ntiiLire! of the Mosque nf 5tdna Cidiph Omai, i>i wb‘fn the Puiriaruh ^^iluiniio- >ntmitferrd Jentsalcm a. nv 6J7 ftiiris

l

i

Cued

Cubuiy when* aid Frimris greeted That evening

LrhI

fob

1

\rrrther great institutinq on

ralk nf history

V

*>f

Laafelng up ip .Mount hctipiis It uni the north wall nf hi Oh City you can see the HiMrke-

relief,

'

I

Vicirmti

h-

wej'jl

I

i

1 1

-

,

l:

i

1

descended a alerp paih n> where Je>u>

M

’

l’

Jh

1 1

- jI- r-|

|

|!

'

r,-i

1

1

1

;

1

llO

ie

climbed In the Tcrtiple Area, sought olii Hit Wailing Wall ol the Jew> said ihr other Jinlicp Ultife of the

City,.

VV;ilTt*d

To

me. few- s^jote have the quiet dignity of the Moble Sancluaiy the FTnram e^li Shnrff

—

fpuu^ 72fiC his

Temple

It

:uid

was hrTe thru sJiJumimi 1^1 ill Hcfud th±i on! when? fry is

T"he peatrful

tisutfht

C hrtsliflii jin niii-i'.

s

5h

in

^ Q^iijjn

y

Vatph-hii.

rh».'

til

'

mn-qui-s trpeat Canu" untiN mr, jiEI yr

tht

J MI

1

I

311 ."

iL'nir fey

Nr bun

the thill

M^caxilvi:^

uJuchA.

IJi

'

-,.

r

ortjabfT.

d

ai

''

1944; ami

hy Jiilm

Fl,

Cuiotiiid Dmwii !h^ U WtwtinK I Ki rmhcr, 1 t4n '

Jur-

.

1

firtH J*

JjJ

H G«me

With

l]fie1li

rJjyltiMi,

tlfrfjlK

irtiil

Sppt Gb‘,

Oolite

y-tjunp

po^lr per J circa

Mnsit pnpuliir

1

rest"

beliriTM

ill

n?r

t.i'li'n,

{Matthew 11:28). fall

CLei

aifeejj beside

£*

fly] fag

thrir

Bfchft-w

ami

I

J

tft\k

will

S

hr-

L^niija^T

li.j«

41

m] ihs AFChlfrUil hciElBB out

o iitiquu) dance Ldnre Hit rimer audience at it damn, tbr burn ti Tt*nu* ml.) fUncnJ s‘ fu.tm

uivc

Tf some- tired

the prayer

In

i:iihr p

Vaailurs

admission,. but

[u_v

Llnill

Jerusalem F^rivnI

Israeli Simfcmti SImiiii at a

//a Ttfadi

bltJc-a nij

labour and arc heavy

you

(F ic

Hilrr

k*3 £fcJi#

p:

in

.irk

fl

ifcic

?e MVtttfttltH

there

Is

no

commerce in the area from which Jesus ‘‘‘cast uni all them that cl ami bought in tht trm| ile (Malt hew 2 1 12 ) * Sk 1 wn$ su rfifiscd fci see people coming from the Gulden Gate rarryitif! fn->d. i went fair a look. Wlini I found was a JQlh-i;:t*nbiry erJin uf •

>

>1

'

Alkh

it i3

s

mflL

‘

f

J

“Hfmsf

nf Pcpycr**

the center of the Sanctuary Stands (he nMfimfkeM Dome of the Rock. whose Laree^ d» rip-gray dorne- is probably the rtwwt grarfTri

ftd

m

world (pL*e 7£S). The beauty of rriuwplr fs even ry me remarkable wlirji

this

one

(In

1

considfira thul Ehe ori.Emii1

Dome

ivite birilt

end of The 7th century, w The rock tnitss dn wheels it stands Is said In be ilie stone from which lHo Prophet Mu-hammed a^vendwT Tn heaven ms his ivtngefl sreefE, 4-1 Ihi'.tk; but (niLK before the 7| h century had been reveredThe mosque i.alio called Musqiqe of Oidiir) stands Eli a masterpiece of Moslem arthlLri> lure. N-esi to Mecca; s Kuulta and Medina’s mnflqHfc it Is the edifice most reared by Mosli'in^, Jordan's Kinu Abdullah (page 745) 4t \hc

i

i

r

comes tu it to prophesied and Jesu often

Indeed, ns Isaiah desired, ihc Temple area M a " house uE prayer li>r all pcuphr. :

frn±

bKome

i

1

pray.

Isaiah -s j*bcd raJi:

m

Red

rminry"!

hemp

"i

time

>

hath

-

1

Gross rrikf mllons wi*rc

lU^rril rot ed.

hrblrnas activity in Jerusalem h rivaled only at Easter, Then Lh-e Visitor could easily do nothing Inrl go to duirrh ail *fa\ for nearly (wri th# JaWsfi Passover and the Easter of the Wi.man thtibn] ic.5 arn fim -,hn the Easter edebra lions of the Greek t

Whm

i

( ,

begin,

hi

'

*

.

.1

,

IQitQ

A

i

n LcniaiUr,

el

i

the Gatliolk'.

EiLiUvs srere ceh'l^l^d un die Pil^rfiiitt IT-iH'

:j

Mi idem

i

A y ^intarts and Orthodox

ri

1

>

has-,

Siivinitr

The first bi^ event nx Holy Week Tjlm MimEay pmc^an (iiftgc 713)

is

the

fr^m

Bcthphityv tu Jttcisdkm. alirtig the route Siy |j whit'h Jtsu= mfe irttp Jerusalpjn ,ind a vrn, jcrcal muiEstmle spread their garnwsiL< in thi‘ -

* •Crc

lh

1 drf*

'1 Lfl

HH

fTTI

rtH

^

I

fc

I

I

t Knfinithir I^Mtraniibiir

71.1

Honidcpi \rabs Tube Refuse Whrr^ Ruin mi GhJiiHurs Hue led :\mimani bUL

ciiLk’d

new

FtufoiVlpW*

buij'jEEiir-

iru

wIil-h

tip jJL iitoffiid,

in

Year*

wa* IjiiHe Nn spcrfEdcs tilt jibct curruLf thfgyjli wMtJi wild biusc:

J.OOQ-'tfal ihrsurr

KcfupnH* *\ttp

1 J8 UI 1

IUjiuji.I ii*i.m HJiFlifttiv

_\j|a

in LSir ruin tE-iLi> ljiIl

-l*-!

*|i-

.mi'n

.

-

The

714

way*

He

1

mid

cried*

Vni'iiial

tumcili In fMfltlhi’W 2 l:ti ftjj: ttinE

,

name

flic

Geographic

Blessed is p? of ihr Lurd<

.

>

! * t - r'iLii-1 rrlfsurii tbr rout*, I Joined a group of .Roman Catholics as lliey gathered in the \\r matched GVCf garden of TJetbph.ige. J

3

i

.in

:.%

i

ii

-ij

d

i

t

i

injfs, ilu m_-and-

lA^sr

i

ceded

li-jj.

|

post

Gelh'-em&iil;,

Sn-ph^n

ilimiigb St

i

!

U

tl-eiily i

e

in the

ccmrEynrd of St. Aniie's,

there was g rustling. l rinrir juhti fronds os

Women uthcr

s

i

A

had sghiled Jesus. JtM ridden in on a ilmikry. long

me

we

-ui-

.

as-

Stid-

began

wnnijnji,

pi

.-

i

had

Thdfitf furmiml

represented the Sjwfuur, uL'n-riminfii spec tacks and carry firi-i in refused to fedieve iL ini* a nun lira" t hen i learned the facts..

A

from Wisconsin hud fnlltn borne and broken hi* tee;. Never-

atbioEic priest

<

on the

tut ai

theless.,

hr

Year

lliilv

to

rgtfiisecl

abandon

I'ilizrimagc.

Hut

has plains for

Iinn-mv-

id?

wuttfd prevent him from marching in She hug pmcrssiyia aver the Mount of Olives* Quite se rsflb iy, he rented a donkey sod was more

surprised al the gnrthig lir rffirtvcd than, Htiyonv in the proa-ssiom Thus* a short-lived ^sf-rifi w,i& horn. On Maundy ‘fliursday the Greek and Ii

m

fun e Armenian clergymen don tHfrff m&H vr^iwm- tod put on the best show erf Holy Week, be Wflshitig^fdhp^Fetrl ceremdny* to commemorate the L&si Shipper. The

Greek? hold their awe-inspiring jefvlce courtyard her

in

r

t

In

wild ecstasy. The fire Is >ym|joIk. tml 'ujiia believe it sotTir Grteki, ArmcniiniSp aticf I

eume^

ffi'-m

hi jven.

Sturdy youths snatch lhe the

r>*

various

Th'^u^ntb

candles.

fire

and

fight their

with

diaptil^

lights!

nravh forth candJus Will the exdtoUenl

irf

un ifirir own hi- s mi'l ui burring wux -icid n[ the crowd, [he cerraicmy ends In tumiih which s« mie cull bedlam a shorjeued fneiti of

to recent I

-

slu- lire

.

l

r

s

the won! B^thteheiOj

TlHtWI i>mii

E

F an It?

IcfB Id

>i

the

Church of

nirirning

:c

tin

H

dv

under a gaily elt* urated iciit 4h3i the roof of St, Helenas. C Impel* the Abys^ stnLms i);iroflr In the heal of rofm-(om5

jo the

St-pul-

7 ill,

hirlmm

Time

in S[»

rowds

Jotnev

k to the l iiihrwitness the cutorhil

In iIh .tfteriiiHsn, 1

flut

deal of St,, James to \rnHTiinn ritual, Against s backdrop of rl fcrring audits cbuirh&Y* in gukl^mbroidCTixl damask robes Itfglit tu rb.int in high

,

Brilght^ycf!

the handsel me blue satin curtain hiding Lhe altar parts, and a caret oily irxecutecl drama unfolds, \mld (he dufflBllng glitter of

Tbro

silver, rilh T

ami bttx2dc T each of the priest,

rrpre^'iit Christ's Disciples, goes before

hr kneeling Patriarch fo have his, feel vmshftd f wiped., mid amairiteii -iririi ii[| (pegr 7 7 i. t

E

Carifctilftr

fliiga

ail

hiilf-rnast

quietly

aEi-

nouncc Good Friday, when reverent pilgrims rOraCe the Way of the Cross from Pflair A Judgment -esn to CaK'fliy.. Easter Saturiia} heralds ^nr- of hr most spectacular u-tenuj-nLL of Huly Week [hnl of rlie Holy l-ire. r

*

1

.mivs

prou'dly slrui

wile, in 1 3i rr body of Christ,

f|]j£

i\\i'5

away

1

Huly

in thv

Iradfrlocml

Then

he qulei

i.

j t

smmd

E|.Mcr

ui

gliiiL ii

ihr

for

^rarrli

the

their

liesitSt-

bishop with his Jcwijed onihrella and

drums

of

f-N't -it

^ cuds

v

On

Easter Sunday I climaxed ihr alnirjst eud]e,s? Hcneflgjofi cd Huly \\ rrk i?ererni mits gtteadiog a ITotffftmt ?cr\ice beneaih purpJe jitifas IfceJ outsidr Lh G-irMcti Tunrib. Ii-,

i

Somehow of ar

niain? lhe Ef^ieutanir bnrial place nmi snidini

this sjpqi

iincEi'iit

meanthp and

simplicitj

Lhe

to

mi anon

id

Christ's dfiiih,

nf an Arab Lc^icumaire. T luokwf down itilit Israel from the Old City walls near Zion Gate. Official* Oflv day* w=iih the petrfik.

fian

pmmlsrtj

mi-

had

cmrcL

every liplp, except that of hthhing this SO-yard gap of nn rn“Eti - liiiid fi^tw-cen jurdiin i!nr| Israel. If Vt

liad

.i:-hjLigti.'ii

the fnfottnillifm

I

yut

have had tn devour arid

Hfjirul

F»

voices.

niirhl T

Th.'il

In

i

Who

1

mia

I

i

.

oncknl

a

ii

I

3

jk

slaSj

insisted hi

i

Within

rhij-iel

=*

way

a

sembled

;itnl

lurk

rliu

bidt - ihr niugh-stoEKH] in mb of lirE?t, (Jr two sides of il are small windows from which file hurst- mjl i-- ^nd thr crowd*

CJnte (page 7-3 4)

s

to Si, Anne's Cniiven t, the rfuJ of thi hut, dqity walk

w ;u

*.

I

Dlivetf

Under a high dumv uf the Hu! > Si'pulrher. marble

H

IVirluy

r

.

Fieen

my

would

'Amnmn, Damascus

tu

Cyprus be rare reaching

in J.srael T lieluw

i

vloa

this

,,

--pen

uy^-,

Jewiab friends In New Vntk hud un?eil me to attend the ^coufl annlvuriary of tsraeb celebrated this year on April There was no c, ,ulri get bock into Arah l«riv rliikt y Jhai u>ty. Bul a national holiday, fur which ihr Wandering Jew had w^j i:
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tii

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u

1

i

Hulv Lind Her stray

731

typical at so uutiiy in Israel. Wiiilii War FI chev peniffd bitu what

\ftb-r

fa

nc*

was then PdtstitXt from Eu rape's gbtitpv, Hiilrr- Immir camjis; jlimI tliE! tllitpba rd pmsGOBt ramps. V\ hcn the State nr btad Wfw [lr^niatmed. Thou.HLinrls riiiiit i.anic finm 57 lountrie? in four turners nf the earth. Thcv Lame From

Ttw vv.srijnr iVr iiver a year and a feflSf. The ^N^rnmettT of the yuiing tin Hun i^ Fund ionina snu^iibly, Lhmigh rationing aiul price

funutriev with large Jewish populations, like So uib Afnm mid the l“iiited States, lliey a ko cainc frmu plnctrs like Croesi lutid,, Java.

controls urc in effect.

;nii

jlteM fas

Pi',

hn]fp|:l\

i«

\

miliUry h unte

hiiK

pnr uli' moved dtiWil Jaffa K",id tu lirdrpendehce Oay t Legally, Tsoi'l U suit at peace with any of tbc-fspvwt AraJi conni rfe* It f might Tn fi i

i

Wm

I

1^49 (page 757

Vet

i,

i

brim

ihtrtt hits

i

>

I

™

Bui

at

me

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l-'rlettfU

%

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t li

nf thr uusseefty

s^y!c^

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Sit

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ML

:r.

Tne:i1.

i

rank nrsnee juice.

War Id War M

luring

1

£a#

I

i

aba n hi

rril

linis

oranges piled deep In the groves iftHtiH Petah Thirty travelers drank Tiqv-i, near EVI Aviv synthetic \\wk itr \m\Att -• lit. Oriniic* wm* everywhere. Hitt umngc jultc was cxiKtidvt

](

In nne of the two

nit

.

Information

new Stair ftotn n.uivj Joe iMvb, the

,i

an

R®- a

m

Ihjblu:

Yew York

nr*

diownum BDlv

uinl

I-r.u'l

*

F"I,lJi

-f

donated to the

-;

j

,

t

rnlttiti-

Office

In

Ht-i'fsliehii

covered Ian with

[

1

New /-MUml and now

ij f

liTiieSi.

1

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.

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—i

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Uni

r^i n !s.

j

'i

1 .

best

the

arjd

rlii'i t

would be mure

-ipe-

Several

fuorL

of

w:l^ drujijin^

ns r ter

get

fmtis

fur trie

l

adult

hilitriMi

stakes its bright future nn its ynruh ]i i hr young jHJofiSe wlib Urn.ghs the wuir And in the children's villages and settlement Scti'n>ls ycftmpttrFi are being trained fur tlw -r.L-'J

and f-rr peace* 1 mis rt-jiHiidvd of wfelt an old ralihl nnce -:iirlt Thr Wviffri is Hived nnJy by the I'lreath

fu tun-

,y

At a

I

Oiuiii

'1

i

mi i-^ilierr,

he cbilcfrrn grow up iti n t'lietty IVri iri;j rhiM hiy ;irf Im'ed and I

They limn > UW toand *h\ tfiost of thufr own work in the md gardens wilfi a minimum rrf adult 1

that iliey gjflhtrr

diojus

licdoog/

^upervmon.

A5 we it]i£

left,

nqahaJti

Them v|3I;iui

her iMiup near by, Dnv^Ls and I rtnfjped ftir a drink ol milk, served by a huxotn ntrl girl with spoirklin^ white teeth. thought to my^eEl naive .wl Hnsp«n1nd, him

They

willi pathshl a Kent ion.

il

l

we pickl'd up twin Frcpch whn vverc leaving (Jrtim

LiiuWiifr

liOLiix*,

dn miss rny

M

i

1

youn^tt?n$ enrolled In the rl Yon ore looking itl Israels must School, preamp rop," he ssillI. Like a new urove of Orange trees, I Just youngsters are aivep the nittaT Shtmghtful and lhi-\ ;irr dm^hed | md pmIftVisg cure

'

T

our fur

gttPiip uF

I

<

in

,!

uf Hdionl iNfUIrcn."

hr Valfav of Hlah. where David is hmIH In have -didst Cionatb, i- u nesi amp, crowded with immipruTii? from Cochin,, Bombay, and Rangoon. I hdkeil with a ftO-ycjir-irtd jWMd) dressed in a Mother Hubbard arid wflh hi -r bare fees in wooden dogs. Sjir was., wiiiting hi-r Uirn Lis lint* to draw wa c:er from he Will. A lady hi KanpcH>n she [> now a tent dweller In

-i

1

|

I

mvd Valley

Crop

riH?i j.iuv

.

rat ions ^ju. (here

t

E

fir>i

of Israeli triumphs. i^i'Li iit^

Sttwj

stop w:^ w< Onim. Ll children s village nn the lush Tlain nf ^hamn Thene an scares of tbesft MHtttanent5 ip Isniel + most uF thtro orpba napes |uet!s 70fi-. 723. 7-t6) At Otiim n t r.n rt pt in r]ly poiuicrl in- a

Our

i

In n r

hs own

Nils

Tin mnet day Ito-k and

dal

:t

t

braelV

cold dewy hnflle nf and warm So ’•due orange jjttk e. heap and reire.diiiiE, si'Ermj. out i

Each

ml.

*

tell.

lee.

Th*' laud h tux Jinaltrd anil lun For l " $n ‘tawtrterbiiii :t% in large-scale jinaifam, olff-timc Alatduilmti, suggsafs grafL With my dftidem ttlhtt of ft -h 1 ti r-tiii lly is

\

I

to

waft

it

St£

-f.irl

I

r

and

intdllgepl

I

C!I

1

funnd the

I

polity nnd the fooif as delirlnti* sir when Ffamed friends there in 193L J*

r

we

there. ,

liuE

theit

riu jitiTE’ntii

Left

pihnip

^pcakin

,k

go

Would greet

the llowery childrcft's

cuddled

tjirtu clnst, to

bidu her tears. |-

vp^rndipiL?

*

^rrttuSe

Or^vt'K

F

l

“probably hio led a sibeltifr«l •VtM Fitly ^be had escaped

la

fed

>

Russia

frurn

t

;

tuadr ier Wiiy tkrtntgh I'nlimrl and ^tuvAkia So Italy, t'lnlj.ukul i>n an illegal «

v.

i-

has

i

ll

upturerrJ

home.

ami sem

m

f’yprwH.

Before Wocld IVar 1, to till* are#,* f saw Arab atu| jewi^b Lirwge ynHirrimputing in friot lip oii equal te rms. La cr wlien /{nnH fumfe pnutvd in Jewish groves pushed tinrth "n the Fertile plain and down luward the southern dteert, Thk yeur wulcted by dithntatc syuiiyir^

“Jns-

i^.c

«-Ij ij

Xow

«

?hc

1

Md

l.-l

p

i

I

.

N

.

Til 1_

p

Afl

lmilJ

hall

Sticistf Aftrl

brLumr

iri

Arab

tL-uMmuk ti

“vtilft

T'hun nf Sharon nntf the I tain of Lsdraelrui ai$ iterfeblhg as toewi lieFott-. A 3 jrpwpn i, Israel '< adults ntv fiicrlfteltig n

in.fi.sri-

jimle

line-

(Jim

We

tp

niisp of yinmgttetsfc,

am!

to

pm-

fertility uf the fields.

vrtiuMn

l

T«m Am^rkaia

FdoibaLl i

a

1

cum tons ip Welcome

ptrScnfll

(.ii)llcj|c

.-Smb itlniau. JmiMiLcTn rttmriRH virtiattf naknawit.

|kj[jiibr

the

.

Kuhldiya

Yaiiller Leap* fur His

pin v

syslrm3

fc

Arab

arrived In Nazareth, lbe lmpes!

hrbitLm Arabs sirnde pilgrims thrtwjgh Ite town wJji-re Jesu^ grt :-i-l= up Arab guides are orjja nixed untile?

town

in

where

Israel,

i

I

remembered one

labor Iuvhl E from rhy years

,

11411

He

.

ni

the guttle*

vlnI that things

There hit

-s

Wnr

?DjOOQ Anita u

irTnered in Amelina, *11.11 ’ hi ftevdop the has pf.ni red in ttilhh w- "I Lind. The Esp-nri -Import Bank in Washing-

eninn wait.

ton limned 5^5,000,000 fur the purchase rtf agricuEturid quiptH;nt and fb 5 .QQO.O 00 far

Jofeph# carpenter shop, and the wherv Jems had laugh! ami where hr sully

World Jewry,

|arj*ely

»

and

works

fnililEc

I'

cf.uvmu;mi

;itiuri>

The

British Treasury' also released the equivalent 5JU.OQQ.QOD for the purchase nf HriTtth if

in Israel.

still

v Us ted

I

muM

of

sIujtti

H lurch

tile

Admitted, "N‘u prophet country akt 4,24). 1

suanr

1

Christian!*

she

nf

Annum

h accepted

ialiuii.

own

in hi*

1

i

Suf?erhiial*w.i>

[

ndfci.fi.

round

quoits.

Sin e import* exceed exports by

puziu

r

(

one, continued a^Mfiui r from aIh oai. is neccs^ sory if the bugr number i)f jcwthln immigrants ^rt lit lie Jmuserl Mini pill In wsirtt Biit as Li avis and i drove north in spring lira!-, in ince :md (eld T.sniel was n smiling I

|

Liml. In ttyei

I

grain

Nighi Found ns Lit Miinlla., nMrtherTutHBrt town in Israel, mi the Lebanon frontier. Outf]<‘i7side roy window a section uf the new r vi-'i.tkf Lniii>- Ar sfcbin pipe liaei Lrom tn 1

1

-

e

\

-

r

;i!ii.j

Srrlniq

l

nne

1

;

I

imbed

: .

L

?rwp

I

.

i|

n:

wut ihr timpty Ttendi* Cl rise by wii5 lHm -lsirh f-lpe., t rated with Sar and ready for burinL A few tfay& taler only n long heap nf earth indicated tha! here mi wmini iuun Upw niung a hidden highway. In

?[inl

M

Brownu driers. Heavy- handed reaper** and machines

peat shiny sheds L'iUlle

l^iwed

h-sd

full

tty

lire

hints cackled-

dropped rlnir heavy l:mle# nf fodder with n Nazareth hearty ibuH \d We tlhtlbcd lowar saw bow Zionist funds had added valiEe to E

I

the fruitful plain*

We

skirled thv

Lcbtoun border

^imE at ot?e

the Mt^ltmtrptari .iml Ltie Sej n[ O.iEjEi-r 50 -uniJl H J»r i;imL We adfcfl on ihf members of it iutw cnmniimEty an ":i!'l

-t-r

berth ,

S

w

m 1

Fn LitborEltij?}

jfiJ in

I'it'M,

New

Yurt, Athrfis, brackish water and tvppln^ KWlTO farm:]. like

i

fa fried

uetd tif

M-rt-J-mr

*

.iilriiltiLLl,

ft*

-h

(tfrli

W4UT.

PiTnfcUsn

Ihe pinch

Is

I

FwJGcr

;

low

Gvl

S3 ^rc

i.vp*

Wr|ef

iki'uteM great tEort te pqtifyiifia

l(

TflAllluU: n(udMlJ>

FUlF+i

iu

rwrn— rt™

Jirrt

IcH waief^j [low

thr^ujiti

an op^FSFnejLlur eliiinnd, E

;

Sa ji Sitting ibis new sctilemiafit riffni! frrn3i bleak hillside, \ remembered the nothing "ii remark of one ZJonEil several yvArj ago. af,kd Iuav tiling wert gel nttT little by little and *tWeD t he refitied, f

*

burned doughnut, hung, like! f[re^m#ied Christmas tree,

eiploslftTft still

on

it

S

'

they bull i tbr Wof-iTwortb EuDdmgWe mulfjfrd down tvNalmriya. with its vast uni jin lv d it ret* h >1 w h itti Med ittrran ea ft iiniL Ilete the Jews Lire building a b?bz. beach ree

i

|

pase

7 4tj>_

Heading

Lilith,

sort

(

we entered

ing while aJxhilefiurc in

ftglfa,

3r«

glisten-

sham cootniM

with

one of the largest md must important ports mi the Mediterranean. Sunu- Israelis repaid Tel Aviv Lbr ity of he present. jeruidem, despite r.hoJte as uipiijit. best known for ii? pa -t. Bui Haifa i

lie

I

ill

r/

i

The

sanl

city

tea

.

it.-,

3

iis

la

the

chy of

the future, anil

Forward to the day when it?

its

it will

profile look

mi^hine both

ancient Phoenician pari, we ni the 15thinspected ihe impressive rt-miLTy Castle of the Pilgrims but were rudely shaken back into mi idem tittles, A neaf-by gorge was converted into a burial ground f it Brflfch. war materiel. Vehicles were pushed uff the road until they digged ihe

AtMt, an

rw

i

valley.

A

lire

Fnnm Suburb

in Mttjropnh*

Noisy and ejUTpedc Tel Aviv, IsratTs first capital* tame into being iihmil 40 years ago when s^nat Jews started building a garden sett lemon T on the Sands of ibe Ifflffltttr r tt PWi nijisTde the Arab ju.u ity of Jaila. Today it sprawls wEili offices and apartment m.-

l

houses representing all kinds of architecture. U:i .indite „nni.isphi--\ teitretts btrjtlc In The sidewalks fvr^rl lieiuHiftd ^stde pmmeiiiftlft awiinn with gay, cure fret! pepplg ;( page .i

7^

t

1.

The} are

-

fjurpr 15 Eni^!> confident

Thuy

that the fsshting Li ovet* that thc\ lave arrived, ami Ltiat the it little natinn i= secure. feel

Ivl

c'lsmupciJitiui center, Aviv is from aU over the world,

JVtiple

many

pnur into its confines ready to mike a hum# ut iheir own, \ ^\ Aviv is doing n tfrfongtics,

predetesgors. \=

;j

tossed

i'nLn

the ;dr

by an

Wkb[t

job of turning them into cttiztTis aEniurt overnight In l®avl Unr hecome..tidirii ns stum ns he annoOftL’ts his intemlyfi of staying there. ThL-v cmwtled dty of *00,000 h ill (growing clay by day, s? ihe juridi. oJ the Jews and the hiring my irsveh despair of many Ztoitfels. <

1

)

I

Su

I

wf

Hhrnihi^i

bsdpf

|i

Ift

Urttovtl

diowl

Ti

wn

11 Krfnf

-tttti

I'

vaitoffc.

illwf

k > ilii

|i aiwj 1 .

1 11 •

Intipvr

^

hi^n

I

l *rm«

Uruizli

IlUFwriiri

jm

uE Inpfi

AiuHof

ami

u&

i-iia

Cmtri

Wur—ttiu

nnsn$jf

p

utiitetfic

•

in ijirriiil

SijiIjk

il

hirnL \Viitdiloivvr

I'niii

hr

I \bv

4

intu

! >

life

p.Lil

J

iu\w

iiJ judiiii;

|mir.prv

(Vwef

JuiJj!*),

\\

A

tiie

Hm'rkJ

i. !

os LouJ

ffityliniftf-n

hue

l li 1

i

Sliofet

tlA

•Sn

K!

“** 3 b-a

=

3— —

Ll

-=

17^

e-=

"

-

** _2 .

=s

js

^

ti

-~3 _

p — 71

_

£

-VH

r*

/ 1 j Bl

•

,

. «f

'

t />

j F

! 1

Ii |y|J

— L

;

ta nn Ins

Thls bnta'cd es«ftc«riJve Miftilrinr fihtitnp

uhd

n^UlU^-

im

lju

Ifii'y

Eori'c

r

“the barkhrmi of tmr work he ufkultUfAl 1

brifcvtiS that

sod

okust

vrael

I

M

d

i>

si

r'

5 hiivv n hi > me

r

,

ail er

in thf tutfopeiin

nianazEnes chips*

and

j

i

i

\viv.

i.L-li'l

i-!:

u

\i

r

-.

i.uu*

-I

h

of Eiif"t!-i', find in this city those amenities In which iliry were

the best h'u

Many Id

dviliziiiifjiis

ajei‘iistomerf

in

Paris,

B vx Jin,

Hudupritt,

3

Vienna,

arrived,

fur-!

t

rcfreshmiuitMt patJitd

my

rv..*t>ihimz.

fcm 'triver s;i ul It's Times Square p

1

C’oflEy Island all in one;

ran

in}'}

Hi- studied rnitiit Si

friend id mine, Ayhtf I\il3abiilu In Beirui he tore he went 1" the ;i

To-

ciunpln^Msd^ratlan.

;Mr--

Wraet, although he can find a snituhk place to live and dislike? the "kuy moni.-y pari lc#d t port dsmrJe^tioo Tshith uiie must pay to refit an upirffncni. Ii* lease an aparnwnr. one must [Lay up

dny he

is

happy "

»ir

m

irnd

pretzels.

Ttl \viv hai

n early

manner. tife t^wsfMipcrs

well

as

and

\Vlmsi.

is

1/jOQ year?- Rut ns in tlinn ttili -f ibi-ni m\w live hi three itj? ius KaStfl, Jerusalem, anil J

Gii'iIll.

i

the BBi'lt ami the ndtstatidliig imrjcrtuogrjiphy, Trial tjurl tir/uf pf president Chaim Weixmaim.

He

h-1

cif

..urried

I

Si-'i*

iIil:

Ufu^I on The Syrian stete rrS tta late. Ib JJI3 mrmbcn and rclurn ufil) by ‘AntcT Ufllil ihry -runjilcte n n\m rund

thin tiErtp

guidebooks

Israel, inaieukd nf

In

Actuh

Jewish Farmers Ship rqpiutoc*

Suiting Tinir in 'Ein

in

"'I

—

1

:

l

|£\ k-rylhifift

Seruc

fill

led nitn On-e f’ky

an txcd&rt

opera iLml sevtital ltd miL The Isfnd F'bllharusually On;ht*if:s faM wuu high praise fr&ra

There

monk

H

K

mfe

rotpviiiky 1 h inner

Button Symphony

l>

ndm tar

Md

nf the

Maestro

Htamjrf, who Wih It:- ffrfit ttllldUCltTf The seajkm fur hr Ism el 'hi [harIn L^7. monic Is pi'i il^hly the lon^i^t of any cirdaeilra L many in till" world the emEre year* with 4 as h vc concerts a week. A> Sv h^ikaTores jndfeaie a hmb taste 3n read tup mutter and do brisk busing, Cafes, Al-tUh

I

I

—

Td

I

*

.OOP In kt> manffy T Tij ljiiy Kaapartmenl in a fnodem* ei^np^raiive juildinp; costs about $-1

1

a Tooin,

"You kmiw whal make- mi

tn

i*lad

lie

here?" Asher asked. "We've u YcmeniU* si rv a nt girl whf h e-.ivl'J T hn hinks Israel lELikis It tiKik gcind to me, Wfii-tj Lhi Unvs d^dnred rheir intjerieni lance They numbered perhaps on Msy l4-i> fjSO tt)QO fn a LI E\ile&i itu-. Tiniiy i here are w v oner a m El li on in UraeL and new immlgt'imts are arriving faster than the land is being tamed. '

1

i

[

i

j

.

1

s

P

I

9

I

1

irr

Ark Jsrsidt

I

ThT* war vrlrnin eniufiill

ali^uy

A* ia

si

o-f mru-.EL

vciiu

fcavt aul vkI

Stitl ihcrt' fa a

Hb

nil*

nwnitwr Aral/

dimed

tt*

Shttrfi arstl

4

lliil lirl

D nutfci

hr Muiy^ti

Loukoul

I

nMiniijih

devekipi

-

MijikT

pqpuhiifiin

F-

nver

ul.

iji

Jewish

itiuf

AtjIi

a of

J

p!:inr.

have

erf tidied

little

I

Itr

if

.

M-

1

i:

—

3

Stok

¥r

To

“Israel

!

—

1

I

|

1

:

nil"

itojlj

was

\

ii -ii

p

rulitij?,

^ uiti^lmid’

n

As

Ion#;

-tnywltere wajiis nf

must

lit"

tlu-y

e^t jiIj« 3 L.^hi-irl^

Jewish hnicdaiul. diHit

ijhC

mil nvirly to receive

lIjil!

"ami* w£* comr

1

j

?he

nrwBut some t/ndife stoutly defend the

ymiiiLT

&tTTl sio

comer?-.

,

her

fvm

T.rr.vl

when

nnlimitctl irnmiaTutEim |>rNcy

unly 520,000 acres wmr under l «1(Tvi linn ewi January I, 9^0So how liig a thJpLiUtkm can Israel afisarh? Wqlf^tieTg, writ in r in WFZO fir E»t. T, /.yj-ijg Annies thm j nmjotlty of ibe trorttpi jrws should sditlc in Israel an average of 0 In criiL" h m rr- jt-w full iv&ff-i Ivui eajwrt had ii n Idea nf immoral rori Lhcti ivocili help Llie nvw natEnfi. Sufcl he" "E msh ihar nnt percent T of the Jews In the L nited Slater a men 50,000 nf tilt in -devoted to heir icn|iie and witting to wurk fur iu Ideubk wmld c«ve to Lsrad, I iMisk they'd be Happy here/ !•'

Ihh l-

i

1‘Hhifrs

f-.Fipur"

ifiark.

'".i

1he

ill

“Bill

mass immkjr*[ii ms vwij ipetatiiin M#gic r.irpet/' which wthgfid in 410,1300 Jevjrs Itop Vetnrti. the tiny kingdom in the si ni hw r^t portion of the Arabian Peninsula. ami friirn ^mthtrii yaurli ArabiaAt the begin hi tig *«f the dperattno p 140 Yi-menur Jews? dehydraiwl imm tlwir d^vrltiTad tr^fc from ^an a *<• \drti, weighed in to fill a r(> Mffitt spei'i

3

j

Syriii

1

-

Km

ftlliiaallt£.l>]

nun Hurdur

tniifcrrii

Jfore tim. 700,000 Arabs left the LliuI ind only adO.QOD Jews have cppic- in* Of itiese* : TO arrived m 1 $9. Ball nf them were from Euhijjc, n third imm Asia, a stith fttiin \m;iml 1,558 from ihp .Vmt’rjrn^. Trnin 1949 w;i^ thm- i.irrn ,j what C haim WL'i^mimrt bnd hoped for In 94 7 ,

3^r^Li“[ ^

P.

i

new axtui are esmslMtly tjdn^

Thrii^h

Si.

aostencnt in north llaLlks* ftnaytiij .lU.jLinht Uiiki-I Its tHtt I^IchIhf war. Sitrce |r» 1^ arm tarF teblmB ivbulIii rm tbi alert

d!

mpowr short .i^e,

ifi^rnrifhfi

the

lafimii.

I

uijrii. If usH'

ft

1

jay, "as a slfigle

\o txirnt- here,,

perabft

Is cqlusirtt

jew iht

ad-

we shall have fft Ecii fn out ptifpcn^. * PreaMmt Wdimann saya In hb brnsk The

mi n am

1

c,

1

l

Jewish f f:/i] j] t would nr^’er produce t :tlicr ihv mniM-y nr ihe r in-i _ry requind in nrdeu' to bttifd ti|i a w^idftnd ttnti make tt hahtmiile. nnr^

1

tli

at land

wre P

i

ItMsne/

1

.

1050

hi

land

thjit

the Jewish RroiiblEi of

!s

[spd

Jewish rorovcy ssd cucrgjr tmve reclaimed swamp and dtsert, and be rail ion's long-ranEC plans *huw knapmaftv^r foreij^iL I

hi Ri'fvvvnt the Wnznujnn [nsiimtr nf Scithft t-ftcr, .erne nf Live finest ; exarch vimtrrs Middle avt. ls attacking two ba*i'.: (xrabknu nf world- wide flupotlgnc e -proi^ks substitutes I

—

usual

fn r

and

purifying

the

o(

wPLtisr.

salt

was a

Llehuvoi

to

river

l]

bluckrfrveti

sealer, a rhcrkerl skirt astd mannish bools*. A*- wr charged
rlmjirfy

i

H

in

*iifl, rrr M^itrui,

r|

wjpfunn* then

hi

a lull

pleading "1^1 Kic*- of Slimmer ? he picked up mcmvcnlism and niareif "in whli

11

.j

hi

i

"'r-ini

I

,i

“Toreador" ieuig She v*5 nidv 1^ and a half years old, She esca peri r- m R u^ia to Af ghat B* mil ay S} ie sfaeti a hi s t Tthr an an rl Lhtvn to Inine three years in the Isiue] Armv and In the T At jb- Jew kb war she doubled m jeep and fhr

i

1

i

I

.

-

1

Ht

nnd tpMenalcs

Cl mtroD^d.

VChen the British withdrew, mandate ?ainrses were rli^conLinried, but the Health hrpurtmeut tarrifctJ 013 with loyal hearts and Hat pnckMbiNiLiu Njlitrins now art- a enure

—

fraction til WLirkcr^ gul

whul

loci ore

Aral

,

i ft u‘

*

t

nr^ ai u

|

lowered cdh sitk r j

Wiih

1

Musa

I*r.

t

[

uj Q -

pb&

to tbejr n[

the

wultld

ats/,ens

t-t:

y

1

1

arid

relief

-irsr!

mttxs tt ri

and stkScit^

ifieir belts

riicmhnnds- nf rxifuset^

down

drove

t

Lawn of Bethlehem, whttfe

td

l3te

lull

U

h:dh(Wedi urn their People qIE over thf worltl will tluiiHjiiE- at (lirhtnMdnie biwunl thelum.h i)f the Nativity ipa^e 726k built over the Blrfti

I

j

i

¥

i

the

was hot

pbf»> pop* pop"* had svvvti wmindd in her ri^bt

and then

arm and

Ji^lis

was born and

laid

4

in a fnEthger.

From

this

we motored

nf piTcnn jE

--cpup

mih

s«

renter

iiejltli

pil^riinajie,

At the dtv ; Arab {vuRPta were

to Hebron,

LUkilrrfnil

Tin; inni hers, lucking ni>ur' Ldtfnenl [hetnwdves hnvt Ifttle milk (or their Mines, But [hey luok like Madonnas their f:ia-> III with mot her love. They smiled len* w^'tgl^sd.

Ikutiii

!

I

on their ni'-.vl > u n bjlffij just as did nearly i,QD0 ytiits ago. ilerly

Wise Meii

1

figbEiiLa

where

radlfinmii ^iir

I

U

fiitil,

drive fn where

E'd

i

l

1

jmtL-bhif

.

.

I*

Shr

Con-

^htiulik

>

JgWW

fir?L

mnther

a

Without them the health standards

Sdimttet^ havr rfentntistruied on nit itiditit* t rial "ComniWi: k.i 1 scale that vegetable proteins con he fu~i transformmi its to wrve in phi a* of mcEih And a pffiit [plant In RehovuL is dread} de-alring brjelcbl] wmrr by dtemkal

mean?. )ly

1

w'tre fsedaied

-iificsfies

ing in

Meat

Vegetable Protein? Serve

could have her bub) tag inns

-

,

«

This National Geographic: Mmum-'

7SS

i

‘

my

•:,«!

1

Si

Mary

Pol In# ibe Stnr

ill

ready to

i.nra-ra

inlet

one worn sin dropped her

pfip-tTj^nph®

sottu:*

veil.

There was whiirp^rinu among her aimpojnjans, and iiBain fLh- showed her face, a^kvd n mirst V kpom whai the * Thiit if Ji friend nf tie duct^r wants a pklutt ajiy mfjlber should be proud.' Si in tin m where tbe ^ ivc- ijf JewE^h jKiirtarichh lie huriM. Moskfii 'itieti bra veil nJt uf grid it ude " f.'hrisiiaii doc tori ]dy In l

a bullet

her

in

titody puisfe

iti

richt

She hopes lo

knee.

New York,

Sin-

|

icaj&s

Arabic*

Russian, French, Ei^IkHi and Hebrew. .Au(f when 1 Look a seal in bet cab, T wondered whether we would have iri talk in Her name h Sckehcrizadr; .-.in ].:!.sujne' What a story she could tell} l'erripui,

Pi

As

f

mr

l

Lvjrlfi

nnV

I

in

Christian

Arab

iesns nnd

1

I

t Ei:

refugee,

n-:iw

Hie lir
directs

me up

mined health work in lie

W'as

1

to date, on

I

.

14-

wSi

1

ttivc rhvir livc^

t«>

arrvinjif rheir

fellow

men

and

of Ihree faiths. turned: back to

we

.lemsalfin,

|hilc

rlucbmed tbr- fields, bum ISelhh liens inu T the new mad h hllb. and bng. But it passes L’lose b> the field win rc shepherds watched \hrir flocks a Cbristnuihlmie, whenangeL sang uE pea^e no earth and good will Toward men and where Three \\ ise Men as shltib iws

l

wbt

nien Mill

lie

t'udet the BritHh miiivduLe irin liriur in ral^itlnc was pfetiy wdl -'KialiSMsiI* sitice few Hncpatients could aifnrd to pay anything. ti'if- served fnt a salary, ajvd thr pikktst mntliiT

,

i

A>:

past two frontier bliKkedi road Into Iordan. I

left Israel rand

.

L

in thfe

hot LuynS

shacks beside u stlD thought kd hrr. If au«! wrre Sold h\ experknee, she would be an old Indy, In Old jetiigailrrti mrt Hr, Atunir Mum, a

1

'

11

5ur jriUn

—

chi

—

falEow^fJ the Star,

and Lbc CLe L&rii|a> SUkty Tn hi

Bc.tbkdie.nl

N MH 1

T)

--

IL

trLi^-h.^i'Lccr

StuiAzisr.

UcccmbcT:, 1

lain]

1

oibi

!

Id t

Mmwevt

1

1

ii

i

rwl

Efbki

Ulkki 3.i i

ii

Em.,

\i$i

pi-r

C”iimuLiliu' ImtL-s,

Jif riipu Itin

'Nation 4 GEOSBL^itcfc IKUU-T^M^** 1

*blO

- *1.11.1

I

i

1

L

fltlh

W

"ir

h.:-,

r

e

"Where G|nl 1* J

v

L i,-

Amnuili

I

PtirkP'

U

the rmbltmi,

Tuthv li boiista tiK^rc tltttn T^OjJXW. In iLPwtbrf tmtiif in tlii- Jnnwl of r^Jimui tlmik Square. iwmrd la? clack

hurj fiO.COCi tnUfrnlj.

htiM half j million,

'Anuritin J-jijny* a

M

I

-c

j

,

IMic* QllLlub

Ml

•

Bwm fi^c yrars

IL

liupe* tu

L.

-n;

£ _— UI

E= l.

| "S

I E

J'

i

£

a

pis2 .5

:•

^

S

-j

« —

-=

H'j=

«

•

a

-:

-

^

,=

-

IT

»*

C

2 _ Z r-m

u.

“H

£

*.

si

oJ^ A ;

^

¥

d-

b1

=

Vw -

*2

A

If

* ft3 =

C.

a

t S'p ~ >4 "*3

&.

-

^_2 ” t! ii n

i~

f=

E

i.

v 'US t ~ P 5 V 1 -

-

-

/

:,:

1 n

s st

if

L

_

1 W4I1AHO

N^i,

A^hm'c KpD,OQO.

nallnn\ MiHUUm,!

in»foj ymitm C&rflufci

grown

hr

l

1

an

foru

1,

H liE^htyt

old,

Itf yrat-

tQ i.-l

i

Wait

4<)

I ?mi

onty

!| Fc^jhtspt

liu.i-rii

Aviv

TV] Avl*

Trl cncmjftlc

AtudprL'rnim’-jn

mhrn oafey,

tw*

HuU .

1 *t* «i3r PUtc-L

?4I

nfkn

A«<

md

Bfethv

Imclll Ejrflft

AviVft

.

1 nqw ^mciir.

;

Tel

l

lily

tin

Jrwiiif

Square,

i* y..Mk

atl

Lnnifcin

Nrw «n!y

lli&l

Swrttni

wurld'a

rtttl

The

Ini (HI

win

h whm Prtimtnsulcri

m-

M-U'r

-_.vl-

unvvn

Arum:

-nm Satlhfllh InCsiitrl

i totoW

l.jkr

*

A

ErtlmiAhu

7-U

rimi jMjuiv

viHllit' jfjliJIi _

>ri

i

J

! ill

mural

tbfr

a **c:rviec

ki^ite^s CHii Utrtn

Armcirian

siicEJCbl tl*n

]

Clai

Nrf«3.riBl

lyhnci

JcruMfctti'

ftiiiiaitfffiLCL'

ljan4*runfcf

Uudr curtain

i

its

u

h

IdbituiFil

IllJinik

St- .Ijiiog* tl.ithedi'rtl

church.

The pcEdi’i vuuEktl

j.nd U'iodijWii >hfiW Offrnittl

OirfHfif

iLivur.

ii

it

1

1

tfillKSJ*

m

Hititfi

LDKt Supper, Pnvtu^nt. iJ a

Oifaer *nuvtnSn:

L'.ihiliairil

in thia

[mirm*

In

l-Vml Slid

1

4

tii

f •!

* 1

;>

.

plf^oo of flie

Li

Jerusalem ihi?p htrlock h

#0, unA

MjiJtlmnnii

*4ifll

jfc'[ml.ir

h

trini^ir,

lit

jpi jrnJJ

I

4J*tn TL'HILu**

Kerhldicm Carvers.

anttar-bcnEl nrcklsirp, cress at Jctmalt-rn

the BiljJc lKmn.1

m

wilx?. uriM-fi

'

r

L

lU-ryriijE

lLIiiI-a!

!

Arab

+

\V H

S

With ^ rich

i

.

'P-

*•’='H

B^itL

Chre ftrdl ul

.

n

E

i

fiit

1

1

1

Sfll

Sil-ts

Fa!

4-

Fi

i

RjiV-r.iil

r Fiiis lane

a

Eartem .-bmp tirhwd 3 * A iL^Iag^eV

Tiub wcifllunp up

:

«n

twiu.fli1

ihephrrif

it*^d

li*

tail

»

Sheep,,.

hioru-

L)o

linked tpreftW,

became aids Impede

ftMiJfl

StTihi-R,

Times

|n m-ikiniE

^

rakiBti ihaii

K.t'iu ME'Ui

J 4 -t

<

mru

lo-

the

nib

li

Lhf

mit

L'LjLj

l

j

N

‘

L-l

Jl£A| iii±i

Uimi

i-^JGI IHIIM

lonicir't Public Stntuijllnpbi| l

Bra r k

B ns in c* s

Ucm'J.'Lt Idler writ tv z line

mriU a%ft.

*

5

I

imp

mn n J

iiutaiiii.

1

JHIlrml iay

Guw mihey

aiil

m

riiiam and jnh and perSupplied witii tanni an4 tuvenne

titling

appliiatbfu,

*A

he rcalb

In addititm in hr

iJ

in

£i

ut

i

I

|i>

pdlpwr

l

hr

l

Llnckj ul

buMlm-

ihc

VflBHfJ,

I

4

t' r sT. j!*hTI fc

W

IJn jm

1

J

hHT'

*

j

f //w*/ f

/ 1

*

Fj

V>1

j

J

1

hey

mve

m

tlidf tils lumen lime

and bother.

lYirdun"AIhIuIIilIi

iSi:*€i,fli3*

Athdaiibkh

-r

J

L

urhiinud

Emit l

\xlhti, th

I

Kjffff

\MijN

ill

Inltrvinvi ad

hum*! uf ftfrxjirtn, HvhjiJi LTiSi Lila Pis* IJuMiih Iwj thi \r-ih hl-t,

f

JAn-ur

iff

Hi*

_

.\i

ub

I

.usIlmi*.

;

Eli

Lli

nil

nuilp

^uoicL-t

]nw

Iti

MwIwibsin n-

uml iksrinmife

' 1

in

itomihlrf

WVulil

Fatim*

VV:ii

1

Ttumwork

K

thu

m P em* IrinL-E

WiF dun-uJikftd

many

hi

Jn«li

j

-Vrnb

amn

TEwnie tti

in

W

for

VhjiU

‘.if

|imiU iu-js in yuutli ^ln?

sPi=

,

wo rid: Men

hn tine [fimt

liflFi,

IsriJLif

f

a in] vminlrii

1

uf’clhcr

Now UnmlNMi

iit miihibltfl ll vyrtnui fpartt andtftlr*. tymaeisii f^rdsc in Tntfft-Tfl Svlv.

TJaiise

I

fiiv«s E: very thin Cki \-i Saotitifci Tun (Irai

\ imrmrniil

farm ^rUrntii

JiS*

i

dilute

!_imi]y

lift

Em q

V fJLihl li..m l.> lYOTfcnn; j. in*n1-. ^iht-l Ini mlriiiuim 1 an infairta bnoic jehiJ uni IE hr gttrift up wmh ]iii ianulv i

i

tnl

y

j

lew

iMMJt--

iichIlf -ujttiiraton

in tin

ivtrnine.

Thr>e dofdrrfi |iUj

at NaJ^riy.n, * 'nett frrafh rswrt.

1

4

1

.

Mid-Ce nrurv Holland THE

big air liner cirdi-«l iu [.mil on im^K-rdam * Schipbol fielil whifcflfr T JL had pi^Touidy coitu? to earth several times n j f iru at id >ini’e the wur. T pi'crotl below, trying tu gJinipsc Lin- condition of lhte field

X

I

bwm

U'hkh had ravages of

When

wfi

utimrly

dfvastarerl

by

the

r

stepped from the plane, I pmmptlv saw bow rniTceiit: if did country, the Xeihp:;li s. which we inaciwately fat] "FTiHand. In [Fit- spring id 345 wheti the wnr ended, Schiplnd was a ruin, stunningly lost to tfei w« rlrl m raws ^ irlnl iun I rfceraily onTjuqg w&s left id it except a fantastic mass of rubble J

1

I

1

'

J

|

3

p

|

1

and bomb craters. Within iwn months the

AuMiurily nf \iitnerriam mil ilv Royal Dutch A irIcnesl haul cleared the jlum. t^tablbhed a fi'iy tempomr} rmtwsys, and erected on the held a win nli'ii town of ttfSces .in d workshops! around n centra] stem called liberty St r*#i .

KLM

I

I

rum

(

SSuiiiry

Tmvit to Modern Airport

i

2

1

,

r

ii

—

1

T' "lay the

wnoden town h

a gleaming mie nf

There an luir Jtid

1

i

fiHtil,

tersely replaced

cvintrMt, and alass.

M

Urur lhmir:!^ (ofte named "WtiIrvilfc Wright i: workshop® '

6,000 skilled

ihw

the nir ileehs of Holland and nf for dpi i^Jeraturs: a nearly-mElNon-dollur engine test stand' mid a station btrildJnj! w3*h n hand-

some resjfetraiir and roof cafe A ibwsjtncl ir'rsi-.ii can eat, and very

well,

-

|

hiphol at one tune. but these facilities an- Jil ready too small for no big days iherc Si

NimciEmt^ NJ £)PQ passengers coming and sirp

r

vtelior^, besides

2

H

QDG

tlnhig.

jit

s

tbjw

millimid

In the di’Lude id thr 1^-iCF^ it was JashioniMr Tn ffony al ml lif in ihnble early d«3ine of the prjuila ion. Sow the wnfr>% ren] and rutL\ is F,)iule the other way rimund,. Fur iL iirMTi'fl that in 5 to 20 years there will be 12 mil! Mill in ihi* costfp^d dwelling plaie. By cm mu hi:- hi hot and expense Ihi- itrittmi h adding n. Idl q( land here ami there, rak ni ii

1

|

1

i

r^mFul

but tlK^e tmall heI" cUth ms Ciimtot solve the problem^ Holliinil I- - jrfriy fatger ihnn Si and and: yet it has about tive lime* the poptilatfefli, though Mary la ml i^. one of m*Tt densely -ea,

pul&tlM .“lules. The Ccnudry^ hirth rote is three l.lme* \l% death rate. Stati^fqal File l'k«

I

pevtyncy is the higher

)u±i in

world.

E]u-

old

windmill

uh-

many

.ui

scwnly ytaj% among

itnriei

At Ktndfmbjb

Holland I wings are mow

Soiith

fn

ft=

tillered siilled.

others in HtiOAnd, liecautir of the fur greater idfectiveness of I'lrxiric pumps. A stout grecinl me in stout chi Dulrh, and J could calrh ^arecly a worrl of

wmmn

what she was saying:

welcomd

of

a

warm

Children

caught her

l.mt I

sm

Ii

one,

Old Windmslt t-tou««

more

Fnioily uf 12 1

from the same iiujIlL with blue tyv? unfl unruly 'ilruw«:Dlorer] hair «m»nl about her. There were 3D of hew youngster?.; w b the m»thfr LLiid the kilNirerdnther they were living in ihe mill by government iJTfPgatlMflit. unrl

chili lorn,

all

B

i

i

i

Members purl

me r i ‘C

nf Mil- family look me to every thefr novel windmill home, shewing

cjf

odd dwelling

the

rm

-i

chnirs,

i\

an

lies

though hr Fort tbe war the mitior» iitimijerTd duly ;lIiuhi nine million, ;aml a icnluiy

-n v-

irurthiLnirs- arid technL'i.ui-

itii

in

therein

Etn.4

T

ii i

field.

bjf

i

ftimt Frighteiiirig chutlengc cm the nation. The 10,000. OOF} mark was pased late in ]049<

hi

h

?$!'

pane

iniiip.

p

lime nf my MnU postwar H tiding.. in the spring of 1^4S Schipbid ^till .M-mirrl n :-]ia iiy Fawn, though roaring with ortlvityThen began the flow of Mar^li.tll flan ihindis uni mater Li I- in luurk ihu ton ntiy"s nwii encwmoiis energies, f t in me e dri vc nsourcef rs tsa, visii m I ay any word ihu spirit uf the Ntthtfl.tttds h a force in the? WisErrn World. To see that i- .m spirit in :ii ijericnce. And nowhere i." h hotter ej(rmpliherJ ihiin here on Scbiphol

At

lark

t

from the

Pt>rl

Her Future

Builds

Sydney

ill

I

,

1

J

|

«d s

;ind

irtiesi

ent

tome again and i

5

ladder -stairs,

too, lhai. the mill cnijhl

h

cnnirrvnh'- es,

shu

This Kjnderdijk iure on Holland

t

T

iiff

1

ill

hdvrs E

l

1

i

,

:is

mprov teed

?howe
v

wtivt

such

if

war should

due trie p«wer.

home

wils

He ^^ir rut l-

nti ,

itJostrated

n"ismg short-

age. 1

Schijihul

Ls

iiiiy

wirsftow to the world/ says

Albert Pltsttian. KTATm Founder nm\ president* But window b a two-way MiFttg, and this nnn h ns been my window to tbr JiiiLr:fi ,s

spirit

mi If ii mi |"T.S'iirs miw lr\t buhmd ihl$ window, within Lhe fmmh bo use of Holland T i'll

two obvious wwii* tn aitack h-L r chronic prnblrm of congesiinu, iTiU'My > m!Mi *a uf war. increased by Llm rtxs'L-JtlnL! Holland

hits

j

Mnc

Is

indii-i

ri.iJ

a ilvan cement,

niiii

new

thoust nds of fify liars (page 7 U TheoMtcr is bn»J - land and more land fur farming )

—

families.

AalsniitT Flimpr Huy^r*, tills iUi:Li..,n dispose* uf

n

uirb

Pfcis-h

RuttDfn. T.i^U

r

Up

n ^PiltltthlHMrd

11

Dud

annually r Eiwfr irdteiy «“Ul b.v i fUnird tailed pEsmt* und iul ihf dLis Al (he -jnlc cifif-ns. i$Liwen are carU'd in Then Unr iiJchaatm Ihoti rinju the “rhm U (" hand '!i:-L .:m:[riii fnini nr- j|hiivr-mn-rfci!t. fiffUfe, it rrodiep i buyn'i- prior* he putlin hb but End-, Ftopphhg the mdicaCnr, bii Mini sunik: Liifc-la up. £ulU el Jj^hl Lerc bhinti lei a l-IilLj; ihe -iik Is cyjqplttc. ctiiliinp

e^i

WWn

hnw

ihP last? Partners have thought oC many ways, tend, knmving that Heaven helps (hos i- who help themselves ihry have helped iJwm^ves tta Neptune's. knti nui without Incessant from it thr sea, which even now sorrtfcimaes wins back isnr

In-

a

a bit l?y tlEYfct strategy;

impeiiihnc break wbldl unighi llntod whole villages anti their prxiiten (tamta rrclhmifed fruitt the waters), he lidd his finder in the dike

ail

unlit

all Ttiirbt I

h

lira

,

.1

l-^^l.lpe;* frtfJn

ingly

Ei

course.

since ihc wwrkt

every war. one

ir

funtisherj

Mny ’i.

and

m

ir-riists

king ap:!i obligby the Americiui authoress

Puilp He tvlljs ami L u{ the lit lit: Dutch boy, a ImkWjMr's

itapes

tU'HT

ill’ll

l

-.

4

in

ffiWM Brinfof:

rrr

ITii-

work

I9'jb r at 7

51,i,

Spa

of at*

"t"

by

*

Hath ed that sea water was trickling through a Einy hob jn a dike. At this -Stpa nf

liL'v.

Iasi

1

Eci

Sk

N-vtiovat

*

Rheii|i.h

i

f 'J-Lr.’i

"

n

our youth/ rear.l- the honor the buy wJm hym-

On bndk Fell Tim)

LEthiml N-

ikiii

thr

.

1

/£f tf/faer in

is

saver!

he Dutch was unveiled Juru 7„ outside Hiaarfem (page credited

'.nirjjim.

"I Jh’livuUTl

iimcripilijji,

*Jkr Ijcjv

hack the wu ami

Against the WMlcrs

sculptress Gradii

SiiitfJiT,

The

bet A

anri relieved.

|xj nple*

Vt ar

upon

i>

who

finally

though entirely ftcrii hulI, Lifirig^hntwid with a stalttt?.

hi-i

Holland's water wilt to gam .ami retain she soil nf th e sea ii of t*n- sM-mml iiramss nf

be was

ah.

E-.

’

i

,

lJi.i]L-L .:il >

h} JiiuiL-r tSflWnrd Cl^rc,

Mi rets

i

u:

by

r

|,

I

ivii*

M mvE McFjlEI

War i

-

Kn

with

Elu

,

i

by Well,

\X,iU

J< :iiv

upon Rim, Nt^v Hucnch

m[ perpciuul 11 ag:dn*t I he water. The story of Hollands water war ill

jiii

L'jrUi

made

tlit

|

tfriElund

1

mutthy

nurJ i:siiepl

i'irhr

—

Hod

Holland, which the

lW Dulibimn mihHi

1

i

the NcthcH|ticte + is below softie of it about 17 fret bftkiW. "f

se,i

In

addition to ihfe, Lu^c |» wti mis ut Zetland, of Friesland* of G'pjninjgfcfrij iinrl lister \^in* uf 'n vim .: urt Whiff die rm :tn several -mIut :

I

w;itrr level

from sri water by Ihe liunt fO-milr j&fid ferl by fresh streams the Zuider Zee ha3 fcmeome a fresh-wairr lahe, the Ijsel mi off

t

i

r

T wn lo

in form-

l,.ifk

uf wfsotl

new [Hiklerhmd below

nf fou r va s t dr veh p men t S^O.OtKJi xii re*, are virtually .-

i

luifll

bike

wh U: h a re

.

temple led '

Another, tn rvrty ruv i-Ii-i rn >w:dtNW up the costume; _ .rc Is Lifer -hnul nf Marten £piun 7S9f, miikinz it a fttfte rise on erstensive farmlands. A ptfbltcatkm sponsored by the Hutch Gov-

(page ,

,

1

I

is^

7

6 lib

l

,

[

•'

literal truth

ilv

of

with

of th^. look m;i] i. pa^p 7*2 K It the map and tile record Mmubi all of the 'n vinces of North and Soul h Holtftfltk two uf II that now cpjnpnsc tbe [f yrrii dull lit

level,

liindhnvijri

level *

fur ibemwlvtfs,

Kingdom

.ike SI mm: at

require 4fl,fOn m-w ilwillinic uiub in h-nunc their esjwnidlng [wimLuiinn cotnjwfi lima ft* MMiFdi tuc iww iciiti’rfteW. Tl^w Iiuliws ux tuicireie block*.

Kilth >Tlir

L>u]ize$

I

.

ernment


shm

1

^0 ptrOiMt* Hi EiM*t

.

uf

surface area of tEic emu dry jia_s ham trcbirna] from thf «a-” Mote riuih half of ihe tiafc ion's LQ.OOU.tiQO people ntm lrve bclqw sea level. These areas inrfittfe ihe irrertt dties nf Anptstrlufii mid Rotterdam, whfsfe every building of liiiy &\xt tin-

Hui

1

mu-dvr

piles,

(I

takes nrarfy

M.OOQ

2

i

i

.

.MiTr r

iiufl [-

brinp rubbed of nearly nv-v thirds

M Ir*

*^c .

Ciiiuiirc'

k mifinfli \ at

entire,

,

irj.'-j.

i

ivv u,

Awsftv IHraVrry." l<

rues*

m MM ir

;

1

Iiy J, 1

H

i

C.

Sep-

1

c

7.

The Natiunal Cm

0

A

igraphic

inu r

*'

Mt [sport

tn

thrift

m

Injure HSili

Sf.i

sw

tn

Much

losses.

its

Knyal

abetted the

vpikr

itn ciTiirt5

rn

;

\msleritkmi,

i

i

iht

<>F

the lovifly

at

blond of WidthtirEi^whcise tragically hud m hr Iwjmbed by 1

944, la tIi mm! oul thr (jftttrum defenses tile

()Uulirr.

ir.

bdhh\

al tire St

tori*

1

rmf imj.iiidy

>

‘Uilhv^ly told me, by 1® ,000^100 cuhEr vnrds 1 water* Twice every 2 4 hfiur^ the -l-j water rushed >i

i‘

i

r

i

~

1

:i

1

1

1

r

9*

m

ttul

:itif(

neatly

H

farm and

trriioving

Linds*

thought that a quarter of u tenLiiry would reeded tn restorr hi.' Ij] tabled bland, but mri^i of the fr-cmibtt^ area b now back in pn ifiucifen-. This It ffa=

W

I

.n

JUrvf'lTH-Eii WtJ.>dlLr

IJ& glflflU

ifi

measure t“ ATssr^hiiTI Plan ;yil which has pnwrrlully advanced Lilt of H'dliinil’s postwar iclIjniatinn [i/^iects

FI imiW E-link

1
Prodie ies of Hutch

>rarML.l

cmiiiu tier-

ing closed thr dikes, and new methods uf eliminatin'! ihr ^aEi from she soil aiifprised even she miiM lipiimbtEir. But the ln^n-

of

wjmitIp-

li i ll!

vray hit

h

ihHwIvfl

iB GOO lime

‘\‘\

Tf

even most bore the uwfuE

liirli'hnuT,

brunt of

IS

r

wen

1

t

|idck to accept

desIrarlEon of Walberen as a si eces&ary purl of

hn

[

have

stu'ivi.

ZednndpfS, who i

tree, in

\"u litre to ust

tn rebuild

Slu&l

the which rntakd

ms

its,

ui-

arr

U'-tli'lieti-t-

WV.i-ii

tbi

lihemtloii

gmp^n.

Dutdimni! however

Krw

cjin

yrl

muster charily enough to

For-

the Vi/b Thrir m.ijnr w «r 1; of hind dr^nn.tbm, the wanton. fli:n3i!i0E >
i

.

Eyes

a-lftl

mecitbiti of art

.•

!

i

ml

i

I

I!

riiii

'

Im Jmrs

ii

Stff

>

in

thi-

Kjn

i

?vAi

1

lliiMiini Si'bftuiH'brtif

n

\h

ti'u:

f

)Tur

-IjCl

t

ii

S'nkr* h Kidi. firlif,

*

El

Fh^ics fruin

d*Wito£mj| rdfn (hr wur. mHiLs fnur

quarter n|

Thil>

'

i

iStilfeff

Uu

1

trjuJb

LLiUi.in'n

Iiiljir

|u*eph,

bm-ffen

^hnrwfnf rnpssiiro

«.

Ms

niillki

and

hjiiFtd Fmltlr*n

Mu

|

r

1

1

&

lui

\Viitfr/

iniaiy

Fmf-

ib

In

was

For ilib

fi,

:iu

of fart height friehtfuJiK-^.

* «

hard at the

lin.w

Ihe

ixmlicr.

S

f

E

|j> Jl 1

hr

h

rl

1

in

Mi'tEti

Ri Plfn frum

Th
ft

In

jn

ir

Flrnr>“

04C : &n\ l “MiwJIhif

SdFit'iljntlr!," -

Hi

1

JIJ-. ,

lifeit

tJc-

i

MiJ-L

Hnllaml Build* Her

m: rry §

-

TjI

'iitiirc

AHilifi

Miwtfriet L'livetls

vttmi AmprinJin inivHrii 'nnkwnn^wii Sy

i'nr

Mkrk

bin Ijniifr

Jinnfcir-

:i

I

m

I h*

dilu>?

rt

Tir ^nii.fy

Mji> Miijn

IiwJkl

1

1

,

ju Smrriium

In

hr It

ffrffli

blrtigiElr n(

/taurJhrr.

l

e -

1

1

r

Li

1

e ]

*ht*ir

|

h'tti'j

return Holland pi

I ij

13th

kilt

ran liny.” Xiiii^racjji

EM Jls

vtk

tiling

hick* i

is-

:u

srjj

.

h

niiiLiijauird

j level .linnet -wen S tt Wa5 m y d yJ 1

which {mured

1

in i-mth

To

:

J

i

Im l

i

l

v

I

n- 1

1

k»

1

*

r

rhi« willim-s ifkl rvit die

h fa hkr than the adjurent

for rht'ir

^

A^ht 5^;^

ca.w twvfrugc. Xhlz

h

1^1

j

I'j^i

Jimpftfrwitf

11

fay I-

|w

4 M.

drank a palatable

fm-tiinufiety

r

'

hiwct.-k'

>-

i

dkJ tin Unfa

Immrdiiitdx upon the Gflnmiiit retirement in Aliay determ ted Jl« illAncfe-cF nniferEiank the huge in4 •> hailing on I llie i

In three

a

months the

pumping could begin

pWmps purchased

were fwirily by

dfkt->

t

America

trim

vole j arid

swans of 1

luring

ffir

dry again, a nd in lhr -|iiniL *4 E94fi f one yenr ctlier (ivnTuirv ri Uirin'd this part nf Tfollaml 'Tn ihe [MU

ii iiit.-

\i\va

j

crmnn%"

by

tannin nils* Frog* ertiakn] iijeerfolly in ft, a blessed sound Im tin* Hutch, for frrics do fig! like salt wuil

m

Hullantl (LfpJcm (be wjMit

rfii

11

Exited

riu?i.t
whole reclulnmldr

ntt'klsh wi\ I e r

volume over

if

Ncwr

l

Mtvr. formerly the

and

V\ In*

lor
\

i

they in.-n-|nnkwl

I

war by the Dutch govern mt- ail fn exile. before rhrhtnruis Huy of H$ the

R^t latdn±:iii.n

\ id

waters fresh, the

Xtjiffer yjsgt

1

Pinups

i

i.m ntj.mi

serving mi military It timL place less ihtvn hr re weeks before the official t apllu^ Lit .mil vijDf rhe kadfag r-.-.HiM in -if huMilitti- we nr he r way Fifty thouuiid Acrt^ were tUmdciJ by the blasting Gf the polder dikes in two- placid, surf the SiuAt- iip«nU [wasted litn iltt-i la i/I ii fn \

t«i

vhWv*. wltfi Lhr vuriuadty. NttElwtkvaLkj-

per|KtUB]

win:* *yfftbn!jtfr» llie

hi

I

Siatu«r

2i

Mr

mirnrle of

Thr

l

r

j -

. .

«,,-»?

s

_

1

-

|

mvlmc.

Thii;

was

as hieveniri-l

thr past vfelfb i
'i

ms

r

wqM

sit.ikTy. A-

portion

J

d

ihe

Kivur

bcbelrli*.

iouLh

1

.

-

I f.1 jfl

I? LiT.:'.'

Bof&Ur*}

NtTHE

S.

T|

ratVo

!

twE^mraKf adijj

\

^ !

!r


Locg

Bvhm

n^i

_C «

aH

1 U

I..-N

I

!k

K^ni^nnpKIf

1

cwl?£tM

a

^

!^.

. b

1*1

» #!LU

rrruwn /

t

J

fi'jTFJTH'n

HC.LAHD

N £ BTH

ET H

L.r.^i

P

A/epr

-fiUrk

jrtr

*

;

LAND

E R ;

-j

^pJiL-rrf

k

Vp.L-h-t r

***. Jfcjrfivm'-'* Zfiiufrtior

"Amsterdam

ovefmjSil

>4

<

tUllitgdfy* I'Mcrhtrii t f

Pev+YlTiV'

;

jEnseft^dt*'

« Jhii

*

ScJiHrcntcb^ff)

s

Grave nhade i (Th if Hague)"

r

»

SSU7H

w

Cl

L L

V,£5T1AM;)^-''

J

j7i t-rr ^LVr r

v:

EJe

C-

E.L 3

.

23-c

A NO

Arnhem

.ft

j

Coesiold

xrtfrtc.

ifforpjyeirfjwcii

h q n i h WlkhprijB

&

*B&eda

Middribw \

T i

j

ft

h*

*

^

NT

GtUenkirLhvtt l

Aari#ltixt*’i



LV'e^fj

unurij

;

7j ssin j«L| ?i

^

£iTnttov#n

% Hirinunnirf '.,

,

Tumiiaut

AJflfjdnSfB

Si.NiMaj

L-indbafh

'An> t'rp) m

t

h

rr

•

LVprJtrjJi'

M^rrrxi

rreTUH

Mip re Hl'It

iSaif

itmci

killra,

M.itF

k*4

LI!

,1

i

ilit;

In fli

f

J4*m1k rLindb

Tun

\Jjltkm F™|ilc Live Bftt&Mr 1>lx

JUUtky ddu.

pie

lundinnrlL nn n h -= iniipfr, hiu a rn tiikc, iiite iiruJcck'd frnm Mu* Siiiub HvlIallfiL twu id 11 PiijTiiHici-. 1

VljTcMfth

divScbt* bili> Stfrtttd rJEk^d unris. tU jiLia 1* lukrro U't tn mn kt tif-W hni| ILvIbnd, hi: laniiiiom- pn^utir H >m-

IJhb

en

i|.r

ifldiuLlcs befo w-wjl

Z«

r

el

vl-I

ptoftiitlcm ttM-walfr

Mrfti 4

I

ppwJy

I

Skilled atru id Mu-

2ukkr

I .*=

rtfwttft,

Iteali-Mrt Nn^rf h and

cmh in puHfan *at Uu NrltaUadA

pijpKeb

Mid-CirUtunr o

Widihefen cHU^way,

ihu

i

by

off

new

dikt thnl will

ii

d

a

1

be nn

Ls

UOQ

crt’iilt

cui

i

acres of

pi ilderhiid.

Fa^cinaled,

u.itehtd

I

Willow ur sink im\s

prices,,

thi-

knitted inis bfe rafts, whi' lt are flouted fnm [M^kinn,, n Ik^l wtih -loues. And sunk, Then ‘ press quays'' of tlisv

fruits

itre

r

4

op

raised

cprtr

and

either ?i-le

ihe middle

ir-

}j

with sand. The jhcw quay nti the sea side Is heavily buttress! fey w duping wall ..i met, neatly Auer! hm mi cemented. Thus * portion of the sen h rohttfnri iifNpTorrmls wwJd say, and the wnier Within filled

tff.ui

I

I

new

this

Iwn! poldfcf t

Holland

bit oT

he land, u m

I

e

r

t

tic s

1

^

A

pumped om

Is

k formed

nrntlni litre

,

(*

wvrv i> on of

nni

Eu

l

i

Liifinlrsr.-Trei

jjulJ

ment cal it! Wa ti: ret oat Those wh u benefit from the dike aft iiutcd r

governme nr fe

|fc

1

iLiri

1

I

\

the puktaflajids throujEhout

r

arrordkg

k

1

to the ptirporrion

whole inwning about loco] dike tii_\

A

tJlr

rtf

their property

mine

friend of

TloIlanLL Vi-ere

En

an acre, tdls me that his I* Lihnul 52 n year— not much fur prutedtloji against the sea* revenge. The pumps of HnllUml, by tin- way* tnt an imtrjif’-rtmly potent umpaTEy in lim eitrliPHt days men lulled out tin e land with buckets, tarrying the water 1«* ihe rude dikes they bad fiuiit am] emptying U -in the noi-ide, Then canw hniiil-wur'ki.d mills, with buckets nurd Tn !ml wnrii-i'n vrhf.'ds. Thi winijtiull h:Llf

i

and

M

is.

It

'her

arm

1

the aym-ltul ni

romance, to

in

h rakes

i\m\

\

Lump*

iwt

within this barrief mid leavn Every 5tnrm nf any >i^e tlesimy? bertr thi day barrier T bui It is easily rehuQl .mil u^jLn fhe hriniTr m fr*sh saiol Kwddcr lamk cwx-p outwnrd frum. the irmln

.-ill i

1

liki-.

.ii

I

few of Ihe.^r hr^ u fit operate regularly t find I i

I

fi

hi?

i

dike

Him [*!!.

I

ban

h^v

l

example of how Holland nnw wugcfi her wsr with thi.- sea rumo fnim fEm-

Ets

well

many

Friesland villages crtticr ahcnn a hilloclL,

o f ten m.i n - tmt! c t

trrp

n

wjfcp

rt-^lr aim'd

r

it

iL^lletl

n f t r/j.

hr refupe of

iLi

In

res Inn.

i

p kn; tls

r

call ud

knrw when i-i

wme

uutfn peijhap

,

J

1

has

3f

j

<

irn

ceMMuy nf

iu

m

t\

hciilE

in es-

phe

ni-ver

f-ui.h

come

^Ocfoaich-

her

%nw

rhr wluvlp Fnjyimif n'tien* Ihftc are m* diTlWN in fin lit- Job, i> riinmnl iiy ma^Evc E

built with n luii^ gradual outer sltp:

[rlrepcf

tiijA

to

ili"

rt-i

1

linn in

Their Land

hrtwlf a l erv sorely needed hind. Tim

pap

far tire

wv

fm

stru.qglf!

f cur

payt oi

lienee, ai'ain be

is

nuim-

vmrrpwitt£.

land frrun

mu

51-4

sutn of Hull. mil

I

kikr

stralcgy She tries hy every

-paLT

:?

Empruve ;iml even in.LH'nmijily hr hand ^hu already

iu

educaare a ]urt of ihv pru^ratn

enliflhtenerJ nielli rids ni

;inrl

3'aniiiEiH

but There is in me. For esauiple, the tlit

i_

1

1

u

j l L

by

he mi rib*

Imim'il

su^y 1

iunmtimlilr* d Sir hr* of ry are beii^ repkicrtl wherever pi<^ a system ^f riratn^ InM foitt fet't flee|T

Imidr

UTUr

This

iSnitifr

h

a

iriT^lt

sielcb cuusiderably

l.»nd

The

cx-rlinrhes

iLdvanta^e.

more th&n

tbemselves he-

land.

finally, the

±mr of

simile f.mn> lends

ui

fa&fcBSG in (k pofnl wher^ the use uf irnrturs and other mwJmhfcal impTcrticnta is praeiiiLiJ, 1

ilelds

in

IIollaaid &

used

n-:irt1i

Eu

one or twn acres apiece* Son in juatLy scNjtiotii they nvera^e live api’y Tirm Ncfherlaiidi'rs build rnw-rii thnKtgh peat ti

I

j'

i— s

i-

an intrrc-Eing mldily

si ill

unknown

m&ny uF tin. Dutch thrjnsi'k es. A firm road carmol be hulk through p

1

.

Inrid

*=

stpiiiifliy

urdinary

riK-nU,

aLiuu-l

a:

Krtshin Islonds, afges

-.1

n*> meLiiui live

mr-HstiTc

i

--r

i-

hy

JM-/1

1

b u-^ nun It*

laklne of

the

i

f

Thi

Si'fi.iraEe

liEghtful slorm miirht :i

1

1

me*

- pnssiotM fur a ff'w decackflj

devel these mumids. and flikf> rouhl \*\l>jaii]mi», concHutriL: drehsi; hut Ea

1

Li

oldcft

u

tftifl i"r

folid^idet^ "Stretch”

f§oiJ T

And,

ami

called the

1

nun hmery

niri^ u rn3vim:c. I'rnviiire.

r ]

ritz

mj inf] m| may, aues

t.uid

r

This

pi

is

UV

ni

thi:

I

ulliiT

a

raw square m

=.1

l

ii

m

i

In

ThrrfU|0i:iirt

Iiif

inner -ine

m

the \iiiih!uM?ii I'iilrfrr van pump mure 57 4 tnll I3nn umIE'ITc.-, of water a day,

r

i

(

*

.iFl

silk

I

in

nu -wf luted milk

pk-

f

j

sible

My

iiiM

-

wnve^. I 'hr gr.L-- p hardy, ml gjarliiLilly, ulmust rarrepiltlouiJy, fl uum* mte?. to ajichar the newlt mn
are rorLsdered a Sort of pi unpins: in sura nee in c(i$r of war, Bui moi-t have given wav in cteclrfetlly driven pump-. >f Sobrte ilbe are ul murmops capnriiy. The larges pumping station

still

ant!

I

I

K

Rcplo.cC WintimllLs

a mwh^l

i

ftiejii:-

Electric

hiRh-l ide llne P

ilir

thty Hikr 1* buih in he shallow sea, p»nn!lcl Eu thr bftivh, h\T?rv side washes a lit tit* neu

Ii

t&'l

Ami nan.

waves

wfldest

hi-

2Q0 yards fmpa

Holland

day fpage

this

l

75 3

uturL-

!

ever reacliinii for new lain], \? actually hurne^sinF n the sen to wtitk its o^n loss! Le ti. tbi$ way, At a eiiiance of pertinji*

,

3

foljowiHj

Hat

Bulkls

toll.ind

1

,

1

P

heirs W'sea-leye)

m

metliod,

ton

no

bn^

Hul-

by auj

mllfiliry

,tme

devised. Aliens die pruicTtMl lioe !i new ennui Is firs du^ by ilrerLus riiu! rlo.it in tbe ecuinl ihrx dig.

Ims

1

,

1

u

When

mills

M'Vrfjl

ntfOplelCtb thou*

rnr

*

j

l

5 blown

I

I

the uct stretch. HurvrW as ji mt\ in traffic Looking on. to artery thus advanced from gay l.mrls south if Lhtr LUredtl ihroitgh >u(i:ti enjfajlwrs bust that the ScripcaphaL l«>

iii

c

advice xdwul uiiEcliri^ a house mi friud mi-MTcar? will S’ hedoesn t apply to n uuk, come HUtj brjt upon EhnL m, id mu] it will nil not, though is founded upon soul! Happy is thin land where the child burns -r-i-iiML'd Dutch proverb. his nmlhiT," b '

-i

neat pun on the won! njacft A which also form ml* ??Mr//rr tmnlhrr

invi.iH

sbnrl

i-s

ft

;

moans "moor/" Fewer and it-wrr areas of HnllaiicI ran pnv hum ihr jieat of their mol her carat; Inn the

umber

buttling of

and

btxnij

mi Increasing earths oil o L~ only since the yot T-hut E S

is

it

e;inh has

IlliuJ s

ldi-d nil

i-

;

'Tb.itN a wflt

Etrtil

The

rCffon nf SduMJEivlwJet. in Drenti LmjptIv within the extern rimruhtij 1

of hit Kingdom!, tii^w pnprliiEioir more than 4,000.000 barrels a jfcift about a fourth me T hi- nil nt irniEkuirS i-ooftjmptli n ihe nal -n She national ectkwmV-t and for that reason It it kiMsnred Wii liquid gold (page 75QV. T he Royal THUih-Nhtdl Ifnnp rink t hi i

i

i

;

1

i

1

.

<

initmrlvi

s&IQed

a

“likuLv

this

in

ago as 1953, and

Ibiag

Iflhd

19SO product win

in

But When war lnum-rh and

near.

ttS

I'Uilj

before it struck Hoi land e\pNir;i lions were 'h.aply halted tett, the^ci fields tempt the N ftgfr P

unduly to Nut until 1945. after

work

flit-

was

HI if nit ion,

Two

of

oil

bunrh each

& T000

pn iftnnq’udy

roll

Jtji-

daily nut

of Schoonebeek. -jisfUnrrl

irij

Oil

with

antes

jlKw Jciwy

'ompany

'

a

ora

She'll

fi.fty-fi.fly

i

nmv basis

the development nf (he Sdwniwbeek field He Netherlands, ;inrS an fptpknntlou work eii American,- in ^riu-ral still think if Holland (Etsly lit terms 'if nilif - and hyitrinth^; af win rlVii ills and wumfan shoes nod Atkfnaar cheeses (pajjis 7.18 and 759); of the imlit umble charms of cr^iume villager such a*? 7t: ' ^pakimlnirg* \ •Inirlam* Slapl* in

I

c

='

1

1

1

sirbeiEis

Tfiis?

Eil

nttheys

kh'iirmu,

W

some Dutchmen nlnn^i b^yuftd

ttumgh

yty& we

1

Zeeland Province, I

Fis-

rrmnl

1

are

i

filing ?"

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Ktld,

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PI an

I dpi things

1

Inpq

isubject is :ii'ter all. i»f poeketlmok tEre*it + sanee every AimTican. ditin’ily or indirectly, Es i:nci.rlbiitifig to Dr Hrarfk&U-thtlp* vital to everyth ire TS«j 1or MMtlshall Help T l.iMii is doling This 1$ woven into the enlirn i

w

Dutch economy T

nf

falirli:

p on

ry

r

sirdjr rtceds Ehe

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Wrig

qijaEnl r” i.mc

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under* taiirlmi; of bow k work^ is- esiaentia! e-i ;m urtder^tandfng of mid -cent ury Holland. \pril 2n, ]04,S, hr [jr>E Miirshall V si ship, the Yi'ur^ifpu. arrived in the Netherti was lands carrying 4,000 tiTn.f. of grain, with emotions like thiase of -l i m-mwav &

i

r

I

j

I

si

sail*

ei

t5 months of MarsinU Plan n'l iuas Htdlunds allotm-nt w;l- SO 7 mLJlioji dolljirs or ihe second year h was neftrEv ft is ^UppO^ecI haSverlp rJowtl to 25K mill inn. by i'35l? and every to taper diiwn o A't Hollander hopes as imfi-mly ci< diires every AmeriiiLTt that it can iniiuslly irmiiitJUf thru. At itrst, fc»od and medicitu^ were l.hr iTsn-ii T,fw>d nourrshrnvnt sdved il£-*pfrate needs. of lives, and numbly im hicItMl thniisiinds f(xx! for cattle, so that they would ujve milk Metlicin^, e-ftL^lafly strepfor the rhiSdnT. .i

tir^l

i

l

i

ti^mydn bivet

LunibJtt the

s-^

nllu

I

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mir^ .of

iticirrtugliis,,

thi.ai5.jnds.

r

Some of the things Holland is n nw doinc with Muj shall Hr Ip axe j-hi lit ilr kn^-wii by Ammcar^. American sible

tfn

\AnU\

the packaoTiy:

pi^rdtig nf

fur tnshtnrr

and vnntly

Dutch dairy

makes

pos-

prufitabli? l-x-

prnf.hirts.

American copier Jiids in carrying ItEihi uiid poWat io evrry finrt £if H^lftfld, atinl rtl*o cn1

now

nearly SO percent .American mr>tDT5 tfcdrffietl, t" oji^rate fully. ate u^fil in nmity locflmoHwsa, Vnurk sn the mI Iims helped services uf HnHanrL \itierfcan enidwin black is used lu tin manufacture of rubier tires AuiETican pigment^ .inri oils put color intu h iii'h fm lu-i t y rnnkmu varinus vuJuahle ex-

al-les

trie

rnilwftys.

i

.

ports pcssiblib, .niil iitc Dutch homes and Dutch Mfe as well. Even the ihily clothes ir-i-i in tin- kinednrkT would be nf a drali in'iiI

ir.d

rhinp attmcL

tfoUars that siidi *y

what

The

ermi^r, and the mlyanre

in

refiujnod

berti s|iectai:iikr.

and

fellow Airiencaits

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OiE Flows from NTw^Eoiind FteUfa

Sr

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I

M

EmMi^smEnt

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*ands of tons of sand Lire brought fr mli mM inland dunes, and huge elettidealJy operand jpln.VL'i v fill hr t ana Mild > u illi sand. Then ihe canal moVEs ihctfd rad pnnrtf Hand

J

Magazine

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i

Miil-CL Niurv

ITcilUaiiiL

utvl ruin, swiiUhI Viutftarpoil wtikh Jill- h firms :md l hi tmnnal ImpufUTfi pay in Dutch uinldir? fur irijni they need. The Vr rjiutTpiLiri Fund, operated by tfae n

i

I

]

Nittliffj

lunik uh'Iit

-

die Economit:

iperatiun Ai

I, ‘mi

joint

thfi

\

dMm

of

m§

m Enfsiralfrjn

GorefnimmE thus ImfhV up a mini if hundreds uf mill suiks ui gufldrTS which are usrd for r«ovtry apd rei.nn ^Lruc lci ii^ the Netherlands

,

i

I

e

S f arxhaU

iILei

<[•

pfftxmpl |i!iu

iwnfuLtl purpose: the

-

h.i,-E-

1

1

cjstitiiui Jidhif

r

and

i[Mi M iv,

\hv febahilitatlori of the nation.

ucts

likewise

f-jwitT

ihc

±

l\

thr

tinry-

triitfe

mem)

pt

bear the l/nited States shield, with and -tripeit, and the wards: F&r rw Rtcnvtfy S u /? fry i hr Umi al Si ntes

n/

A mtrins.

ltin

in-

publldsw

itfari

in

a

Mar-

hear remit* w,iy whin America's*

1

Help fe tt'criinpibltiTiig. Holland 5 cunt rib utk in In her own recover? M 15 immense and in adeems ways remarkable, tiUrkltT one tin lr- known Tact. This small country; crojitntfj lo our thought of U. in highly indusi riiifocd Thirty penerni d the ve fn lor^i: elites: the Vt rechi ir Is (p e .i mugml fur iht bvsfuesUiien f V 0 countries* ^ el dure the war (here have been very few strides* Why ? H.ive iriaimHemiml and [abtir sudtieftlj sprouted winnVThe answer, fir^t braid it, \h-s a revelation in mr when in he war Er-J'l f. shall

t

p

i

.

I

i

J

maker

CUmhmptrtfiritFir&irfii

moderu fi

#

is

f

i

im

mi

1

1

1

w

1

i

wnrk

in

rid s

j

r

many

More

in^ America.

t

t

miniemuh

of

bridle tuc^nttesceni

hesfite

OfitiR-

tiC^OOO t-mpli Lyees in

i

1

w

\t& m

i

l

h Mime

tnurstries T ImiluiV

than a io-unh uf them rim concern ® home city 1

Eindhqven f

thffffi whs rfi^ fp^^e 74 |. The hu||e t^aTedly bombed by the Allies during h war when it was Qjperalmu umler control The can of old petiplv Is a remarkable \r>\n nf HuHami's soda! program, matte still more remark; hie by the fact Ihai lor^evii.^ i-; mtioh sly Ihv prcbktn of nai Irmnl over^ crowding K'. enTvhen. in the cities hi~e fjcauli* fill devdopments where old people may live in ilfcdr uwn ]lou-j^, ulout^t or euiiidy fret* nf r&lit, Itiflkin^ end upon a ventral or [mtk which the lcnatit> rhetruselvers keep up. r

-j

,:

-

i

i

t

1

Dra^* Tbou^ands

Pusision Play

tnivders Holkmd, in thr uoknnwn portions of tht romitry well ns in the wrlK knowti» TnurlsMo widen putts, \r s^i r.M speak, in the funds uf :t fimily knit ur^nni nation cidlcd (nr ?hori A and for tong ,-ilgfmctff 'd* rfti nds r > ^ meeting ? rrVrrr ni* on: S'^oir It is ti$f ktt‘r. he Nfcihfcrhmd* X m Inna To nrj:o t)Ffice t
I

i

l.G^OIIh

i-l

V\ (Sr

Idful

|

Pcucc

ETt

m

1

t

SW

1

I

r

i

Activities uf

omm

I

pi?mT

senlflllvts fn

i

I

i

iiiun.-

I

TIiv

Holkm!'^ trade Wt* bip

f

i

fund ofe irrefutable pftMjf to offset the coniine cius altarks i?pnn the MaisMl Flan by Europe's Commimtai AU Marshall Plan, prod-

The pr^ects immured by

n Tip

H'

Hiiilds.

H

through

v

1

t ]1 1

One

of J

a vilhmu I^.sli

ii

i]

Sand.

orspuiSzatlun nrc .u

>

tts offices.

uf lb

[kite

pbiy

«n

ijuut-

.

Them i- !o piibfii i^r real e^ elfmi l% pnh

even' five yv.irs il^50. 955. etc. hy the village nf Tege!en + on the rii^ht fiant of be River Maas in LiniLmi^ 'r- m mi r. About JO perfonvKUiircs tw given in the qumqhifiiuLil y«tm fn an open-air theater .itiji^
E

l

I

I

i

r

mnperalnm was

rose

>

learned

thai tinte pf

hi

loaMer or

litivnlly a

r

lur

ihe>T were

ll

i

n~ry

nl*

action— through takes'

do

"ii

death

we

'U^f'

wttfh

I

up T

^.EitwlEj^

—against the &mmy w viras

Ilia!

was they

eontlmiuiis rLir-toianl

_salnH.L_v.

Ihe w;ir

ft

diry r-on> trier eii that

1

And when Tf

tally daily lt.

life attd

should work lugether,

hruh

ihityg

;t

cm,

l"iietiK.T

it

Inn

itieir

*

mi--

Imth sides sstL in war, we can

peace/' Parent receivewh.il is cjiIU-cT C^illdrim Allowatite (or all cloldren up Eu t6 yen rs nf n-i- iirid tn JO years for thnse still in schnoL it

in

i

Van you're

Tn^id

an

iiIpcUjI

Is

children,.

a Venice earner,

lo

assu.mEn.jT

iloublf

yuiir

mr, "Anri thisi stipplen^enE applies tb every body fn industn 5iihl

a

>toEh-ri-.

Rotterdam

^ales.

i.m in

,

wit.hnnt rxfepiifin/'

ji>

I

r

rity

nf

starkest

whole wntkl knsiws, liv

t

1

1

w:j- the scith*

uf Hitlcf # 5aviiiir “w.Emir.i:'' to those who The story qf its pn'setH rt-.suropposed him The city is miimiti lu uk (pffcee ts a classic. esplte .in Imalcal situaiLnn (or Rotterdam larks and must liavt For hrr abundant life, niifmal trarh with hat rnunirv, Germniiv, which iiimuit destroyed list, Uespite his lark, the ji^rr of koEtun Lou, tliu Holland- A tisr Hill bine, fhotne i^nln one of the Silciiuluring sights of Europe* t

1

1

:

F

I

l

-.ri'

'How u

frir(id

nurf

Uib fTLOVf-ry posstlik

I-

bttilieig?

over as

T

[

asked

rode ihe port

wny^

F^r hniir^ In

.t

hunch

nfrer such

aiys^tf

complex jnur 7 f 5

!

[

ai

ir.s^fiiv.

p

"To

the president nf the Philip^ con^vrti?" asked. "To him too He renaitily fc.in tudustryf” hV mi it edit'd In Durda V V. PhiBpt'

ihtL

is

i

i

!•

over

vvater-

-i ~r

1

-

.

.

i

-*

-

Tliia

•

>|

Hulland gives the unfy answer.

nf

ii ic

gundc T

Tftis sHipnrt sitfipl) MllihbiI la mil over

and The V-ui^ systematically louted It and unity blew up pmcl rally ah the port equipment; vet already fnix-i- of hugt &mt* vast idr seen Jiiitdml th- ski and there i

L

li

i<

la

s

,i

.

wam&

firming dtyttock, t

lift

in" tapLiiity of

IEl'U-

Prim

^OflCXJ

1

1

.

i— still every lor eke hi. Sc hit -

3

:j i

l

,

S

I

pr

t

lyianlnd. rruiwuMjtfrj hrs'uri* hr war nearly SS.QOD

read:

,4

?Mps

ytW

li

aver.^r of one every 5 eh. iqu ent In* l?4Q Lliere were min u res cit a major marvel rjC recovery, 1- r- mu in Lie! fEhnVEft hday n mere c the KuttPFdjnn port amt, the Pilgrim ship failed iw July li, tr>70, tearing a remarks Mt C£TgQ of Idfsav -made in IE--IlaiuL Wbcji [hi Spndn\‘ii bitr proved imentered ihU

p^irr

;us

.

i

1

some

Vdysige

rnnfie tbe

of tier

New World

thr-

St-

in Hit

1

se^n

he-

government and the well-

iri

of Jealousy mmlf hulh dlies UtUidephihlc niinl ftiuilly Lhe in-

hm

>n

L\-iiiiir|es

EkmnpurtL NLijMiU-mn 1

terlojrtT l.imi*

*

1

ml her,

1

,

Aiitsierdam his royal ( qifial. The Hisuse of OranKe after Na].tu1eon^ Vrniterdxiln he diHviiiall, conUnued ulll The ITafpie w.l- Till the royaJ ("aplta.1, hu in

IrfOii

i'nlltil

h

I

MSjftiWT,

ami the iiswtinp

resiritMi.e

J

of

pi, ice

af1i^

t

imfot.

day* though Qmccti Juliana ml intae- t-i has let U be ktiotati ihjf ^hc will live^ as liofs nnw, m her mu n fry foliate Her maujpini^ir-hlijk, near Hilversum, tifjti look place™ bj tsmt i*i Au^ierdum. but

So

lo

Is

il

thtri

c"i

i

^ju1

fc

her

1 .irfiunietit

\n

imal September ceremony

in

ifuens

i

iii.cn

n

Is

ffUlterinsr -iu-

i

Tht

Hiijpit!,

aijsnlute o—L-iilial, like food

^ri

evtiy Dutch b-ase holder, and Jini lc^u-1 in the war-bat lei I'd lull >ii.li dlgtalfied re?idenlbl a\v of Tbe Haguft drink, to virtually

,Tnd

5

1

seawo-riJiy,

1

‘’i.iririL!

.

i

\-.

it

‘

ti-qtaL

shipyards at

;iil’

Rrrritfard, wills

Pi msterdn m he r > ri [talked an *ydd phadita dam. VTaafrilngen. white aYrrv rvadv to Shi mu ui line,T a fanev f On !- trlfammii paint for the Bosporus. '

l

VUv Matinmil Cimrjjrapb'u Miiga/.im

(2

t

—

"

I

Hi -

not

Is

pltmni

fjiltcIv

but au obvious fact ut Holland ? mm Id endleti> evidences nf Itfv <>ne In flowers in the wfnd^ws be nur witneiwes. every part uf tht i nun try, frurn Bnihaill in the lrom’iuifn in he nnnh, they stand ^Futn u in literal ifiOliuiLf lo give ihrir tealimMny In revival Hague, no less than lucky irnlennhei) Atpsterilim, has mude In Its ^'jmI .lU m h-t f wfj h n lh !V Lii ic ii ia well as flo w ers, 1 Museum fflle Of Hie wurkTi pr pale.--1 cdicctktnft if mu-ical Lnst?uniems, The iisimsrrdal flower Adds of Eniliiiid Hr ivmslly In the taw, rich land? between Tbc 1biLH*ry B

i

i

I

1

l]u j

]

in

«-

lulltmiJ'"

I

-

the Hijuum in Hffilanf] of thb ^oup Pilgrim*. and In Dtrtch H’lth'nuuLls in 4if America, ,KWt o^e in pari scimt of our mnsi

To

It b worth lbriru: sum* chcrhhcrl fastiluticins of ih e=4r iii' iis “fjnnde hi Holland/ sinrr few Americans arc iiiwn.Fr of the debt olst way cjf life owe* that anJrlry:

A wfH!rn

n^hHtirutMVB

i

rather rhmn a

collcrtStrfi

flu-d imuito] tn

SlMe* Senate tied nd rom EHirh ^ul*

"L thr T' rated

UFfSaii Stalks

he-

Lei

'

i

The vmlteri fFrifilril ? The iri ct iiuui tumdlue *i

i

i

tht, th^t C^tf^’lll

Fctu*

-j-

Cl

i

:

i

in hi i r

u cubic,

r(rh m1:irny

Id ihcir

own

LoUrtret

id litlc rirrtt r

dnit* ammiii lEiryi^m!

rhll

v

csji*c1alljf

tMrUinllstpi

'-*

it3

ineWow \ml

tiered

In

viit-^nti^

UmVM^jly, Most nl them

jc

its

incuhatur nf rdeeStnioItTaliltf u\ ihr Wyah-.

jiti

who

si 131

pf overt

elud'd ihr I'tik

vrr.dly in exasfjeratloq oarly in he wair. even while they were making a ^rmr -dm™ of b-nevl

Dutch

oleni fricnrlUne^ to the

The nupji;

(

s

JrLieeiihapit

4

(

s i ,

i

mi quite

acvtrrn

1

' i

people.

witn

770 b

Kttelllte Schevcniny^si (page

a trly

P

Its

hey have pfteo been t^tnvfiigly dcstribrd along witli rhe lulip's strange, rumiuii lr- hbt"i

y and .

Till

mare

ufien pliut jgrapKefl^ -yri reality nt she April I be

&cir

tinrllt?^

757 and 7^4 J T- growers these

jere^ nf

.

i

beach tf

vffb®e

uf over h:df a tnfJhon inludiitrints. Ir

Is

rioi

Tlic

t'apital

of the

Anurterdteti hrti that rathrr hrpllmv

nlnr

l

pages

H

Sprue ihhig, for tli ^iicwssl ul

®t

a wfious, wniti

fields are

heir liv^l i tbr

i.

h

t

rLi-penrk-

interna cjotu

ti rtjc-'sculc

l

opun mar-

3"n further ketine of thh beauty piat^e c H this busfneKst griiwer have esluhttdieri i\] I.isse, in the litiart. of the flower ^nflur, ;j I_:lI

Ii

ir:it

'Ify

liudstutlon

-I

fpr Bttlb

Uf -;‘;i

1

1

/

b,

K ehlefly murrmfid

,

'Vhh

with

\\i

com baling

disei^. $*y that uthiT ojun tries huu have no reason to quanmiine such product? A! the Li?-=e lab^rjitciry was told tilt EpUiMtiM !.Mubli-= are now sharply dec in inf. and thill inlernfiimna! codpcfUllon in pl.int

3

Lonln.d uf It

rotinlry title

.

I

b affection

y called n

uorth of

Lcrdtm

i

with

l

i

i

if

lL

j^eideii

E

i

nuthcnE enu ijiaLeh

crru-nn'l

Equal dhddirn td L

[

bijUlailre nf

thru Midi pbVrrly

I

-

rrlturnM

VMS^nmcnt ct

it

rn

r

L-

Frcfdmir td

RpUrrr-ftifcCLC

Tin

II

GiliEfC^

r

huxi

uekmt Ibc Oikfcl F.in u 4Ji w.o wit h
,

vh.i

i"H!

J

'1

illut

.

I

Hague and Amsterdam,

vf prLtufdeniaj

Tto

l

-hill

is

a

[jf-sts

b

tntn^^

grratly. r

thing that 'Sunken tulips/' worsderfully Fancy cialiirings, ths-

c:isrii.iu&

with tln-ir ijfw which txmwnaiLi.lL-d

ihr

tnos t

faiiuluns

J

1

Mid'Ccirtun

The Fri niHw’P i i

Silk*;

iVrii

ilV j

i.i r

I

Eh’i^.i 1

kiTii2

iTii

-jinir

tu

l-

iiilii/ni

firF

ut’

Holland Builds Hur Future

Wurk.

P»ifc&t0edt

^yiflru! iMlfuli*

Nearly Everybody Pcdnla

aiu \ rveri l*

usffl

Qurtn

Juli.m.i |isrfclnii%

tiw

l.-ii.

in

i.1ks

3

The Mj^il aimttU

Inrhiils

\l,

Irttt

b

liuEfunidm

1

*

Ruined

tl Icier"*- Nijjj*

TVMmtrcl

1

i

1

irhn*\ Rebuilt

lur

Cu

!

w illm Murshull

INnti Sluol,

ftoltrrdinji via e *Hp

thnl

K

1

M

UtS S\vil titrctiVvry

inmnufmnJ

ukiilri

*i1

Hsrir ’Tallier

part id wtauai h n‘k_- jiir Fjeh^s. |h ltf44, kBuwtnjf ihny wot fllwnii Lti jnsrlJic pore, ihc Uermarl* mt\k dsifK Ji'r w up [Mh-fa, utid mrrd ttwrlluiws fiu hi tli-r h rt-biiiickicJKd imAmtiiiCufk hunt* Lm m^ nzESurc-ti inUAltMiltirrii> nHttflihi#;- ttp^m Utfrkcr than tvrr. flTuiiind) 1

Hliinr,'

h

hk

;m.i

uiu

ii JSwiss

iinri

i

,

prkt 5

Kwrnjir s mlip nmnia of the nth have now been distuvered tn he

rUirlntf

century,

11

mereJy diseased* victims of a virus iulrrilonThvir varholoceti Nmity is ,in unhcahliy sign. Idii^j iunic blmims display icg two or more colors may be snfc because they are nut carriers of the disease. \3l authorcm xpert to be sure, iry n t Usse showed mr several of this type, American flaw,” fsTr Iiiatancc the T asked then ub>un black tulips, winch at*; one tnuri -1 enirtUacingly preFienled in M

It Uikts

l-

h

blwtftfpt ^

as

blinl

"

an attraction of Ibtll.-imj nj]j[> or hlac k owe r of n n y ll

Es

impofij'ible/'

fa

not

a

have

i

Hr

Cp|6f und flowers :Jotne

ven

i

1

f

ffjujf

have

color*

purple

rtnrli

:

'>nc5 p

but

1

1

1-

.

-

,

*

Odd Parted Ffom (lie Aitniiti id tin A H N n -ViL j li iH_irmr Tnli tiv ’Mfo.Ar.nr. ^[ifnniwt, I 01 "ScFme

1

i

Made

‘

never a true IjLick-'' >fi The search for tultpt nnirc is doomed in prrpcliml figure. Amsterdam is the metropolis of the X etherrhe prince Linds, the hunker, the world I r r of fndtistiy— tn fdiort The \i'W Vnrk n[ h cotiiitri, though not the lefial like U In fotijl or appeiifsince, The Hague on the other hand. "

l-i-'-fc

1

1

k

fur

promptly,

*iiid

'

1

1

.1

ii

.

•.

i

1

1

f

.

1

Mfd'Centurv son

a

is

nf

W^liini'ron

Tall nn4

(

The- rotors of

this.

S<«m‘ nf belli conn from ihe concentric aiilab t paitr 7 So i n iftftVid hy ret-ahiidsH' si rer-L^ of spSenrifiJ Jfth-c^ntury oanvuhullifirnj^j wmt crime from pahu ^mf from ihe music of the cityi wurltl-fritiinus onccrtRebouw nn hr^T.rji soetms from the Tnrwr nv^Crf^ilfe

1

infmtt""-

,tre

I

h

*

I

\

m

s

;

Ilf

fili"

sun 11

E94

of

irr

wunderFut hr hsamotid

n

?

1

ml Exbl&ttkm was held in h thrnitgsc *t v wfc nsrse Vtiuitf rtfom merchants and iht: rterely tuitfatw* wandered about amid millions of dollar?' worth nf gemy t

3

i

1

W

!

f1

i

f

(>ir

thfe inhibition wbri

i

many

xundek of dfctnmmta

the

aiJ

:is

Rows

impressive propur-

if

tfemi and displayed

wdJ

germ,

real

wmirls

hest^kiuniWn

i

work

of

and pre^iimably -*mw

polki-Hifii

i\-w

n

ii1iiii?-chrthc £

mcO f:iiSi mth t hi- crowds. Thr work nf hr- cutters is .i wnndt-r of human cumfintniltoii and still, for ft stogie K

rl

r

bfow with ihe jewel it's hammi't ran The Cost hundreds or thousand* of dollars ktrgcaj anil tfcp sjjipLh^i diamonds nttrartrd perhaps the most MfcniJlm* A model of the false

celebrated

Cnillnaji,

showed m-rtly huw

-i

I

mm

iwn-wsy internal if inal

x mriittirrs t In

and Cumpany

Itindij

its

in

/if

Gronititfen

Tbr

TlOo canEs

fiiiind.

of spJen-

;i

1

Prorinw

Verigtile

oulrr circle of Holland, the Nelht'Ffew people know; is full nf evidences

fuunmmu

of Che cfHin fry's

spirts. 1i< La pacify"

development.

t'oaiy:cli v r

a

A hi lL'Io and

p r

1

1

northern uutffet enterprises are

S

Province.

ij^en

trirU

all

nrutk in

l;

of

If u t d ifn Son Jl

each nthrr

f

.

rrki! ion*.

h.ive

ftdr

contact towns," to the

if

A tj rl

socittJ

Frsehedi? 2 nd Miimphts Tennessee, haveadoptei eacho^hen Xajmep n ami \hiLioy, New York: Br^ukelen and nan^euike Brooklyn, r There an many oUiur t^ niipfi-'S of ibis rmi-

am]

id rLich,

Ijusiness bpiiijfil

^tETiiJiirlv, ip

i

h

I'hnu^h

tnai-ailojitlnrt ptinriplr.

hrst

;lI

the Oh! Worlr] in the New, Apeldoom l- a lovely jiarnleii etty

capUmd

has

a 5peu la!

businriti

lifg

ihtf

have jlnwL-fl chiefly from west some adYimJjycs Lire keeping fton?

to east,

md

wrvlc-t*

(mm

PrrslVlErji

whkh

mnde It mhnrkably

tbt

whole reg^btu Apcldttsrti Ti a large pLtrt qj 40 j'lubtir laui]drie= take the wadiini; of Hollaricl, imdng cspeciaJJy water

sedt

this

En

m

I

I

•

>

1

1

-

I

III is

1

,

.

and

f

mlil

in.-hhjl

is

iiifis.

CTcmadiT lm, rented \mhem find Nijrnepcn. towns (has "Bve in henditiu’’ wis]i stres nf ilritish t White cri^^s mid stars of David nuimlmn Pulls! nil acotprul Tbr sole AmerIvAn mi Erry from whfc h ninny nf lht Eamlies have now been brought home* fem Margratefi, near ^raaslrkht These nmrEwed Eowiis are imipi; back*

Tn

this

m.imt factoring

Industrial history.

—

—

b

1

1

1:

Thiy w r« mi

1

1

E

ever

90S by Joseph Asschvr Amsterdam.

been cut

dtar ha/I

krftest

1

fi

prui“tly;il

culltrs wefe Fujfllly at Httly fasJilonifig new k-we!§ for iradr

for

limans pay 7 pt rcenl year nf whirl 2 [lercmt It for tipka-i'i. $ peti:rtil for InliTsuits mi i:> r i'l urn r+f pihit iijal. The i\tv rri1lcct«J fmm the inodes! rvnt^ In about Ehe Ihhj^t ffvi mti >0 pvears ihe un in 11dear, Jn Abn^lo t first came upon an interesting |

\hv

£ 7P — A a

Future

In-

1

I

Eu

1

Hvr

fSyiUk

1

tno are

building

Rhine

their

«

The

fncurtss*

symbol British valor, wni completely rehuilt bv i

k«*r)

hrii kv*

at

Aftihrtti,

a

949,

Thr Nijmegen bridge aiTOSS the Waal whj unit dr>(r6>T(l Chunks II? tuck anfl svvlfi p

Near NMordbtoek Tnciimtains of hnme-.ip own -I mw are briinp worked rinrl pTFSiscd into wall,

hunrrf for jircfahnaitL-if home interiors. \r h rail a miupuiiy with :l branch 1

1!

i

Fn^SftUr starch that

Niw

in

Jer^y,

cTnims

It

Is

as

ninth is Lp

potato

of uie in ‘‘every

irt-

bnnkrnp saw an fsnu minus plant for At Bidum djtry products, ml r rerdvime rm in" itiAti t '2 CLVJ.MO fw Rinds uf milk a yi.\ir fmm ?.M10 farmers, whii share ao the enlerprisc <.m a € 10opermive hnw*. Few Atncriaitis have h^wn] nf Alincbi. H^rvift'lrj, Enschede, In a fur r urier n.F nvetijs^] du-stry except,

fldion.

Ruth of

towns

and

whole l.-auk sector form an fudurhiu symbol dsn iutch uuderfround. which hm\ s v*t!'ir of dm 3vr iiMr aEs 'iwifc, it .ill flu'Sy heffie?. were ecu t ed by ihc Ktidds even ns Germany surrendered in i liisi shameful gesture <>f hatred. iht!

alwjrvin

Lht.^

I

•

,

I

But they

busy, indu^rLal u*ruer5. ThrcHinhnui this region as ni many u'jr a nt Hud land, tiome^hulldin^ Province,

tirr bay,

c

Tile Bu^inpKs u! in bell

hurnders

carillon i

jutiEiii

mi£,

in

sitmosE

bells

\ laid rig

mot*

eIll-

fuiurif


Hi

be

They

nr iJEiimpi irtant.

ilijuiit,.

t^rutud as flowers

ui!

till'

Theft makers

not

should

W> 1 1 v

chterfiil vein,

Hnll^ueF


I

sire

fur

-of

emtsirier^']

nmiHlustchimes are

Lo the spirit nf

4

her pcMpb' Tn Nuvember, l^l'T

li

Hefli«er3et fbimijjy

I

unfiiTis :in

penreni t»L^i‘

li

j

reirh'iny from

u. n-

ffir

liwdTincrs.

rm

tfit

1

fjiwercunenl ^0 Ti’iVi-pci

3

imi

hi: n h I

low-reria

work-

Wi Ilium CkrhHni J'M

3b1

:ii I

1

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c

i;

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-73

ns

-

SZi

^

*3

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I

-

.

— £

.-—

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T*

d

E

E“ u — f = * E :& $ c— ~ _C|

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to

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M r

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Eita^

11

liic

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mi»I

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( Murad

f

.

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Within

tilL--.

rjrJjme

u.

wm NflLLirJcn.,

Nfiaidim

-ilndjih.'il

i-fhl^ry

ii

Sr hfli-i-mh

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"Nr 1

cti

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I

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a

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MKt

#

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u?

The

77 a

"

;

|

Magazine

Niitiwfxal (icographit

Jbnr

An Outdoor

AiitaTlinl

DJtnetruiM

In

Ru Mind- run Lunches A

EvfT1 jiBvilMnfit-in'hHifri Ni w Vi fit eft I’ipTijtfti ikuiiifrr uf |3 lL^ ttieiimllEUisJ -hep Li w.-pm and iklir un but dhh ur naiKl^ldL ‘Fried ;-U difppnl In lnfm popular bfcuth. ma ib,t rni>r ZjLmjvnort it '

-i

,i

..

Am^m

Ww

?-i

York Csiy

p

at the urdur of

Martin's Kplsecpal Clmnch Lcnr>x Avenue rfcnrl tjjil Si rc*-i t & oiriUun al 40 htlh wekhin?: (Hart (him 13 Unis, These are the fir3T Eanje bells tn Ijf sent oversea! fept Holland since World War It Many fammia eisrillon* h;ivt" crime from Aff |«* Rixtt*!, m tE’ii- Catholic sy-utb. "Tij make a u- n bt?IU the master Fuiitider r

»p.k

4mply have

told mi:, "'ymj

amli.

E

Hirfc

fonnttlii.

when

i

1

he

cook. a have |bc I

iiiea^iirEiYicnts

to

nmn

Tbert's fur

if,.

th»

magic

I

know

mis Eure

;un|

are

called In

Esm"

kllru with a bbt

ami said that he always the village priest Xu filesa a bom-

tn ik-

irivff

jivj

ihc

kpi

it,

4

belt

“That's as important n? the rnnldri^"

lie

flihtel ractiesilv,

Tk "Id me of the Germain war im hell?. fnan Hub The Njjiis ^bde hsnsdredi ut l

I

»:

1

1

-

many

from Belgium. After the War ati ennrmnus cache Of them w:is found and *v r ELwetl at Hart ibufg. any had been b ruken to pieces for ihc fum&ces, though ihe Nazi* Jmd never found lime to mi U .ill of them dnw u. Many, however, wurv still mliLCt, Including numerous thefts from Aarie Rixtef liu- nf the lifted bells bore lit- ptnplttifc lids: land find

,

u-n,

fij t

i

k

i

Rtmrvvc me-

Lea good

ri^hL"

He -bowed me hU main

f-r*r

fTC!

-

Si,

dinr

poirtlaas..''

i

|

twffrt/i'

Win-31

rhv

aS

1 iiiEfjr

i

ii

i

i.vji_

c»>r.t l

In.

war

Ie l>isL

But siever mind the war, said the hill J, ludls. muster briskly. Lnok .it these It weighs Listen in this hehl and Ufften, M i .,000 pounds, and the dapper about

mw

ill

i

ii

L

6QG* niktsLy hcaV? he smote the behe a hammer in phice mtfth of mriody,

With

rt

unwieldy clipper. "Yuli'D hear it for three full iMbMsh.s.’' 5. M. hi ili Ihiyr his watch before me to proye Bill HuJIand will hear it fur centiirk^!

nf

i

1 hr'

Ehii.

t"

Gems

Exploring- rhe YV orld uf By Wilr id

C

l

3HS1 D E K the king of gems Is

i

1

ted,

l

itf

Gtofotiyi

t:3

it

k

diamond

Thmujih

L*

,1

!

whim*

sifch

Xaturv T

lias

mI

ht

?n

created il« minerf crystals which yield IkfwnmJs, enwrafrte, sipphfres, rubles, and a hn&i of Either preclou* and ^impri.-*. iuuf siune* Si lavishly has Niiimi endowed Rents with odor, lister. elusive tights, anil fiery sparkler that nirn hhw toiled and St nt^nlt^S to possess

nor periidn.

rhein dinPRt Ttmce the beiynninii m warded Hr»n\ Gem^ fcgvi- fiEum) pr.imhirriily in

Some

cons

d-urlm*

siuw

of

Jfiuw'inrt

i

dk 1-^ relative nf humble graphite* the black 'lend" in n pencil Tim whilr grapbftr is $n soft ami yngfi^y ttaal it fe used as a lubricant, fta laysgb, atislbrut only with a hotair emtk cousin can

platinum,

smt!

m

Hhers wnuld render h3tn [immine lo ffltc^rj \YItb or Lonfer the powers of irEtchrmft, fiiilT m hers, such us polished sphere of rock crystoJj hr could turetell the future, n:vii . tilt pust, >ir L'.vnki- pk'tures of events lakin*,: farni-vtej by mystlr inplace at a ilisiancc. rtueiatff of gemsT he feared rvet liter pkigue

ertting^ of grid

in

V

$

I

ludteved^ would preserve him from dwnuits), Vtainf>ires T and Lind red ler^o^^.

'ndE; hi 1«i1

thi~ hard! carbon, jjliV

n-ring expensively

Vet

Cvtaiov

F- FoSrtAG

alchemy. i

-

E

f:

I

r

1

1

« -

lie.

Him

e

imd wars. carved, and

rimi\>-

roniJLiifces.

ptHfesherl stones were rut. in B;i h yl in b several thousand years before hr birth of Christ, Kineralds are mentioned In it a myal mmdlor irj thr Pdsse Papyrus, nf Ej*vpj s Fifth Dynasty (about 1450 n. r } disi ribed tin sea-green |ewt!s as Irs- difficult to find than itc* t! words. In andem China the or^In of jade carving. Ls lost In antiquity, r h Jay a-? m cram rats pimt precious stones still ;ire tia^l maiitl> fur personal adnrnnu'nt. umliii'Jv £ some pari* of be wurhl 1

i

I

i

!

i

r

i

i

I

i

I

j

>i

•

1

i

1

Vifinet in flcius

almosl ipexhati^dble list of virtues was Some wctl* supposed to uiitiliuied to gems. mljut-. iradc ]inic uri- ibc favur th^ rrmu Ihetr owner flEtJubfc, "Wfee* stmr?, and brave, Yii

-i

proiLctcd hitn friuu nit.

frnm

iemfhefit^: iTthcrs

tin tiger .uml lUscar-e

Gi liw! or evil Snpptiscdly iutlrn-iaL in genu were also linked with the pbtatitAry intluL ir:e approof days of tlm w et:k + VeTlo^ ecmMonday wa> tho priate for ^iiiiduj wear l

:

M

moon day, when

white sti-nes; exrej.U the dhimimd were to far worn. Tuesday, ihc iliy of Mars, was the time b* wear red sTimes such as gnrnei> and rubier TlHif S flay, or Ihnrv!i^

iilL'd

mi

.irimtnt

Tin.

r-.

diamond \ pun

c^arded itate Vworn in rdatinn to the owner's

liLli

.1

-

such ns prey Jo Etfl Lillies Km S.trnn ever eager cause trouble und nailing thni

evneraEd, St. John: strdciuyx.

i

if

month nf

the hirthstunes vives

Mm

-upn nf

En

still

faihionublc cusimti

for

h

,

J

thm-En?

1

m

Eve loved

tin

uiideftiiiili

ErlrTi

and cohir

Ciut

flowers

urn

oil

In

earth.

iPitf

Juvidi linked

i

:

-

wav,

|irnii>!is-

wisti

of

brnghtnesa S'

legend, were prrHJui'ed cscite man's iwariee, j

Garden

in iiuitale their

tin?

S

thf

in

avi T

^lunrs to

i'

I

-

.

ME fortune

fle.tih

1

,

York dealer, Him e i^trly

by precious irtdnesi jasper, apphite, St. Aodrrw I haJcedimy.

r

man

has oidowed jp^ms with mrattvr imt! =uf.ioriiatirral pmvera. t Vr-*

sur-

Janu-

symboliPeter;

St.

James;

fW? Thorns;

Philip:

Si.

Matthew;

beryl, St i.liryjyii]3msic St. Tharldeus., h'.ipax. Si, JaUMts the Less: hynemth [ esaonif e ) > St. Simvou; u^lian*

St.

,

Matthias

ami-lhy^r, St,

YEystffs isaw meunbiw^

[n

trem colors ns well

White w;m the emhleEn Eif li^ht, purity, falth mnucgAggi }oy. and life. Warn by women, wbib: was -yml of cti ruler of humility ind in merrily, illy by

sems themselves

P

il

;i

iii-t

|

tip nl fi pd

5vn?e h:--n

it

ftdelUy

pu re

jUiittd

1

for

1

ive

li i

ic

l

pa^ion

w Lsdom low

HSiir tiidiialH truth,

il.

i

•

4

yelli^ :

or inaiTestancy., tinier

y

St.

"illy

as in

pul ill Luck ,ire as^.Eiitfld, tbmii^h MiperJ^ihmH belief, with huibi - KolthpiHir DEBmoorl now- .nmmg the ItrLiish crown tv. and hi- famous Ehijpr Uiamtond ipaews "81 and 7^1), now tiwn&rl by n N'ew Violent

ary hi iLtrrpnHse for December. The Apostles were represented

I

^ taring

>'f

rnnspng from gamrl

.

ruitoJ

rhi?; lie! Erf

kivIEbi:.

.

E

i

>.

potent

i

Thu

Friday, the day nf Venus. unis i^Mth ed for xii umT day.

ee

w:L-

ii.i::dd

i

gi-m fur

(hi-

wrar them as amulets am lalEmans 10 ward Over ihe vear-= uft evil and bring gM>d Inch a formidable IjchIv uf lure lin_-= grpMi Swill Ibfi hits- nf mineral globes of sbeflfisb enn rn n m (pearl*) and lumps of fnssltized fein amber) which Itlskr lip the cntnfftil wurfd nf gems t r.',i:tii Irtp-ju! Iul* at lJuit God, ^n D.irly when "He created the world, made no " unless I

and

lisrhtoirur.

in

am itfaer

of evil* and

rnnytainy. and

ilmnl ta eftbi# ftitelity to sny nothing id jffl lousy gnd cotilil

deceit, C ji iic

WL-rc

a)

u

mppowd

to

indjcnle

tiro

J

c

7 SO

I

Muga/me

National Geographic

riiL

6

I

STAR SAPPHIRE

RUBY

DIAMOND

TOURMALINE

!

I !ra

Dull

To

1

1

£ Irysfiiisr,

Ltl

i]iz

Vt

hu n

i

lajiiduin

Intn H

l>*

G ui,iifi^ ff^ah^ of

Inin C^rKHetTk-lf f-illUrcSp ^

’ul

II

iv'Ut

^||l Pinar.

Gprll*

1

pnjtinu^ fl&nti tu tafcr Lull filth T* eflcei 1 Jn il (ypfcul cut, diutncmdi uctuhfiJral ct> n Lt hJLWhI llvnt phw? Miili^nli ij 1j> vjnlMiil fine* fictti «f Lh-c rfiiiwn by firm#, nij [u.Lti Ruby* cut Hid-dwil i Triple will 'kif nyrEnil Rparkbis [rn-m IirIii ray SmEEi tcrtiralh WcIF Lir pigfii>n-b!iif Liny hi tup «nt iilmosl Ltillboi-L . 1

1,1

fruhfcifl

I

i

hcrdfeS- fttodik?? u [Lhc-

-i

Mil

i

si

lll> Hkfct.'f J

stale

iven.fL>j-

i

jr-pjitfcrttiuil diurti iL'Fmfi fjeHipliiifr k? J

tk

Jitter

i49Ul xi^

1

i

It's—VJN.

,

iiJnfl

if

health.

If

if

truin’

lEjniH

-

!

opaQiify or colorless, Witbh mit far hinder -m r h. T dt’.i ih 1 ri-iim tny. ge mi wii5 gpt S’Q was seeing or hamflinp; them mi the ere os li journey ar ;tt certain phases nf rhe raticrc^ Since no other mineral equnEs the diniMfiid hardness* range of tiilur nr Iliaut, fine tents 1

u.f

i

Cj]]

rounded. wuhuul face in.

rif

I'M lllf -|i£rdjLl

Ei'i.

Illljl |;U

Tuurms-

i:

I

dtitlp i

i

iii'

1

\

it S

;:

I

-

I

m

which wen? heTiewd rkdti^yf,

jniIsejil,

inlbmans

to tie

UrfarUi-

“enllkke.'’

LLini

eerie had. the power to wnjrf ofr the headsman 's as' Sn rSurmii thfi flbmnnd and srank are calk.] lay the sum name, "Arm, OH the yrtmpd

mine

nnt. ly.

uf

tier

i

that hr.tb are fatal pnisons,

Fu n m

A

Iki ve n Lt

simitar belief

V Kn

he

most pcrwtrfuJ fin ipirttiiRl Influcrvce, As i Symbol t>l ^iisUUKy, purity,, and iisfkOcmLT, h still flashes from engagement

one v r iLiteri

riitjts.-

rfp^immd in a sul&d liltemfcd |p jwiismi Cell rn Wi h an' ey r oooty , thi ape it ht-

oIh.

regjmfed

Mary

ft

si?

swa.% III

hnw ijw

M'.iccn uf Sorts

ortied three

cTisftrnri
i

•

Ji

i

ci

i

.]

kl li

m

*nn eainr.y

l.

i

-i

I

-

i

an ^poLheeaiy

.1

J .

<

I

uth -cent u rv gt ridan ilh. r

I

I

(

m

i .

t

rel,i

eh pul ver-

i

1

)

,

'

Expiring

Ckim

nf

the Wirrlil

cary
Ilk As with

Uni's

,i

color, lusltw

true

Alt

dJuTmimrs an*

brilliance,

— to

c[udJ

ii

EPS

whfrb make h valuable arc dHrmiiiicd by

—

she skiuvnic stnjclufs of

ihc host crystal.

Hlrts

I

1

such chinicterislk ate hidden n T.ht heart nf the crystal History's larged dta--

i

mond,

Cullman,

Lhs?

i + l06 otrahi before utrima, was sc- unimpressive fn to mutgb that ffolwnrd VTI remitted, it

as hr

Mti

light,

I

up

if

to

the?

have a

should

kicked it aside turnip of §1 ass it I had seeh li tu ilie Tuud."

T"

+

Sr

1

Gutter* u

SvLud

To

firing

Fncm *

i

rinin

out hidden thr job of

beau Iks is ihe export bpdary riiamnn H s ft n d 1h

W

"

1

4m Liar

stone? hr d"es

by grinding and polishing facets arranged with rnnthemac this

precisian so as to lake full advantage of i

i.

ii

r

lighfs stones,

ttuhi W*wltf

Some

rfitiCT-t.

FnmnUS

such ns npuls, r and SHjlphirK, u.mmlTy are t:nl an if 1

ii

1

1

]

1

1

nr

that

-

who

tho.^-

tpapt 78 ? upon being called

'liJOfS-,

cutters insist those whti work

mlh

I

dii-

arfl!

1 t

!

.s

I

i

W

wa- known only io kmrd linri princes^ and even to few ihrin. The ^trifles nf the ancieiil^ c&nir trim Indiathe Grand M'^ul- ihe Kuh'i-frni.it to Morm of be MountninA, nnrl others of Imp j'llfiy

tester stones

haw

long

diistitnotl

air.

!

l

rmr|

Amsterdam

nunarks that the

1

rust

pern cttttrrs or lapidaries.

Antwerp

lllC

I » f

\paui\ 7*1),

a small lordly aristocracy ©tiring mi.ntrl

:

»

cur and polish tlmiunnds form

work with prerinus

Hi.-lliL

Wft

or r jj !Wftr?rT royniVd. within* t lupposii^b

who

i\Tr

I
fc

ished

mcfi

1

;a

TbiomzL- rhJpr-^ *> n the pri v 1* :jr nt' wcarfag the: i|it| 1‘ York iluciry nrftitir She riihpl iv i> id*nvj the bTuf Hope T>iirai«td at j Ni delimited Diamond, tlfeuk trtflfcueri spfnut frotn u ball Jaigur pul on lie llfc hitffctanti io H’t off die jfEfvna^ A &2JDQ.Q0O price lap has tiy driLwni^

L b'r-> .

Thr

Gtflet!

been,

Some leading dittmom! -cutting centers. swines nf high rtua'lhy - are bow tit in the bulled > tales. A trade fair in Amsterdam recoil 1y exmasterpiece nf rlbnvmri CUl< ififr liiliiEi.nl j The stone was .smaller than iht head nt 11 pin

I

k|r

Nrf

zdorH> al.w ca im-

iSie

A w imporuuu fmm Borneo.

ly hisTnryr

Dionnnds

in

fe

Brnv.il

H*?d

South

ancient

AW™

'

h

and wto

ricH-t abe-d as

mond — Iwl

ii

was cut

the

worlds

iritli

tiniest din-

5$ facts'

In

with

t T 2

7

r"«']gh

wbu had becuuse fUmitiar India ri?i ogni^d iit-se dsmii'icls a prior,

l:h

i

gold in Brazil; am! thi? Sinte of Alinas Gerafa Ijecame an importai Ii lias pnn sniCi diirina that early frri d

>

trmes in the wa^hmjjp f

i

i

diiceil

Hit*

Smithum

Sinr.

to

PatrocMno,

-J

!~m

it^ 3

G

s 5

i

./

s sjf

3 sJ

ut J3.

ar

i—

.

hr

—

-3 ir

v

=

.£E

t

a r *

2 -a,

- ? j* <*

"j-H

t

v;

-

=

S wa — S I'S j.

H 3

uMa_ 1

V Li

3

=

— T“3 im.

-

-

= £?=

_ i£~ S

^ w c

•s n

J

MS

< '

'

U ?-ir

7

*

e -

-

-B—I

j?

“

^

:

,< ^ - u ±1 .

M

_

T3

P 'h-B'1 tS

1

juj

t.ti S

3 «-

Cl

J_

'£

:-

= c

r<

1

1

1

1

I

M

Tile NatKJtml Geographic ilw Rin dc Vriha^

Tbp must

other famous abwifi discuvpfy of a diamond f

acn
nm

Sknrfii

a h

Farm lad pii-lscf up it urii-iiJy 1 utld g pirbble on tht* Ydd meat Kimberiry From that find Sprang ,i Smith Vftirin iiiiSuiUT} t_h_i has produced imre than a hi El Lou dollars w irtlt of ilUimnids t Fir Whim Nature mmItiered dm: Is over earth* she did noi overliok the United Suites NVjt Mm^ffe^li''n Afkitlss^l, they haw item recovered from rock ^inai .hr t-> kimberlite itn mother rnck of rllsmifinffe En South Africa page KL14 l. Mutt limn 200 diamonds have been rttweml from goiijLitune sluki hox.es En California. Oi hr; r Stairs yielding a few are N'

:jrrt.*il

i

in

>

I

rir^

«

wfiuii

j=l 2

it

1

i

i

I

-

i

h

l

VirizMi j;i p

North Carolina, Kentucky,

[ndLtuui,

Texas Idaho, inn Oregon* Curiums finds nf diamonds are thiw ^kni.il

drill

timilarly

Ihr GrtrU

].:l rs

En (he

Itwiyea

[flfEiitlr

by

di&nstomfa were brutigfrt m hi t h

ihr glaciers. By following Lbc known glacier pnihs the region between the Great Lakes amt lludsnn Buy is indie a td as a potentially

Recently Princess FJiznbeih w:u presGTited with a deefi-jiink 4tasm nf 54 carats which w a? cut in(i> lirilornuKi

d^htwec

Before ihr disceVefy

1

I

i

rr.ifi

1

I

<

1

-

1

i

,

jirnrrrst a t \i ^ui table for

tU'
Tj rigany ika/s

nF

sjuality stnnr-U

The

jicmg

urines h SO Fine, finwless

(

lulorfev 1

;

t

lijmsrmii'i

d ianmnds,

" ik Tless

1

1

vii he

^ ri ones

*

L

Jr

i

rut

^

f

m \y

?

r

m lec

^

by

the po*
acccumls of thdfr aclv'entures.

Miihn

whn way in

1

In,

I

Eefl

Vonke

known i_ 1 and

Be.-t

abrntr

I

toadt life ihe court Lsf RuUai KFs ir: jean BapEliit^ Tavmdcr. a French scop* niphpr whn went to Indi.i in IfioS tn traffic in preciuLi^ h^nrs., brought back 4 huj;i? blue rlijicin-rn which he snld. hugethur wfth 2 -•rbm to Louis XIV. U- (ifgnrl ITonjtfqiW. in 1668^ Thip TavrrniiT him was recut m\ti made part nf the French crown jewefe- They ~ ij were stolen En 2 Inn rhe TayemiEr wtw ooi ii

-

\

a

1

among

f™

Later

ihr

gtutts iubsec|uejilly

fi^Pi-rei).

m

a= reappeared, u^urh tHhii cri si she Htjjj* thanqond. laity id the drideht Indian k. inland such t? rlit knfi-Tnnnr. Have had ftraitge hi-inrk^ Et

1

j

Wnrding

pierceiTl

.*

ngtrt

Vfo?i1

dls-

veari ago- in L3iu fhulavarl Rives, hut tbr fir,si rmthenlic record Lq in ihe mi-ihuir^ -if rii-imi Fli:sFierT whfi wmEfin JiZci Biker vn^jilp a IIindu whu vns Raja of GwMlior; had .governr.l lino country for up ward nf a hiinrlrnl yenr-. In the in which Ibrahim mi* fir:feafcrd Bikcrmajil wa5 ?enl to bed, When 1 its nudum mriver! RikDrmflpt'i pftnpk attempted to escape, luit were Uiken by ihe sfrkcie 5 ..OOf)

1

r

gcnv

watch and put icsEo custody^ “Of their own Tree will he v prc^nletl 1o Humaium a tribute c missing nf a quant it v f jewels and predmi* stimes. AmpOg tfesc

which tfumuitiTn had placed upnn ihe

-

l

nne Fuht-h- difiimo™l which hat hern arqulrerJ I13 Fultmt \lu-€d-din. It fc so yslp* T nblc in yr Eiamonds vhl ueri ul hal f wa.q

.d>lv

imetbties. c.alfed

cuvertiJ

leg^mL ihf Koh-Trtf,ww wa»

10

parti*

recoveredE

1

y ivli

dfanumds mnthe gem stones

a small puip^rffati of

stlitiu

sffftii

lured

i

from \teu*jrCmter in Arizona* '? 30 niffEli; the world produced twu-andthrer-qiiozter tons r«f dlarn ^ds No: all wwe fine gems. Thiw r.-i -ut table fpr idling $ervr in drilling and abrasive lodfev wire^Jniwing flies, and in many other fnditslrEfll uses wh&re i .vtrtarir hsftlni^ is ilooruble. Of sin dufrnirnds produced in Bdaum the World 5 largest -min i\ only mBm.i? >riK 0 hr

America and the

iof

exptoTiilinn of Africa^ the principal source nf

dfrmtjnds

a,f

m

I

25,fi carairu

1

a tel^Ehll sol 1> >mall diiiniond- eitesnnifiimrff (mind in meteorites, particularly hli

if'

of

fiasir

rich

^

ytlkiW,

1

p

I

diamond fields The most nnusuai

i^im

1

I,

truL'itl*

This

WfectHtsiii*

In

ihiiE

lifMitst

if

i

n.

.,

"Mu t

1

white/ are .Generally considered most de-Irlift but cnlored dltmwinds. usually pa It yellow nr arnnln brawn. ire fat more rtiimitiin,. Centrally, mlor rJflriicLs (urn j iliaiiiLmd'y

1

S 3 1 ij 1

.1

1

1

1

a

1

5 1

I'^pcn^es nf tbt

site Hiiily

I

whuEt worlil

1

,

^omo i;rniumls are mi iM'autifiuNy colored Mmc (hey cummatid hi ah prices. Tlusr are talk'd “fatiey liv:mly aifd If were:

one

iir

vame.

m

Hill

I

Fine ged tie n yv irn niee rose a nd Li in h-r pink, hquamkffne to paie sapphire blue, green if varioti^ tint5 and other ilesirif t

.

l"

1

1

.

iJ

1

_--rarar

V'tIohI

ill

W

[ikimoiid,

the rids

i^

ilir

d^-p-bloe

more OhuEond,

‘FbuT, tfto I

Prc -defii

Tinajiy

Dkun^ml

fp^

)

is

^

r

[ i:

h

|

1

‘

1

I

r,.

TIij. 1

Mwtr.

ii’iund

. 1

1-

f.iE-.min

i?mr

\1

WkuporLs/

O- ml

(Wt

Jfl.nt14.ry.

IW,

1

'

jiamnsw

121

.

fera

|

0&5J1

j

|s

l

Ould

inil TJ-iipii^Lih

tfW:

Mtni-r ul ^uuih

M ^ruinm.

Oi.i^marntr "

bv

W

M Unl|cr the Soull^

hy Mrlcillr ChutETt Aptff,

AiikuT

UhH

;

Roh

Afrimn

jnrl

W

F

La

i.l-

uiDfr

Scr "%iEnift Tidle !lu- I ill \frfmri F3 u .h h\ kbhrrl Mctotr. NatJu^.W Lknraj irspc iiAf^MIM ,

Match t

\TIiii

i

iSniT-mhrr.

Juni>,

W

.

ihr

tn

nin-n

3

|

-

Rnbets MrKtre

'Ciiii: -

:

E'o Etrnt

f;Sia.t.

I

E'bs

1

riS*

.

»irr

^^TtOJtU

ihr

in

'

.L.-vi

a

indad«d» Mast fiutttftis cofi Ted shmr

ahlrAhcifle$

Srr. I

^

i

44

i

* 1

1

1

S«?i

H

.

Us

"W^Tl
HiNIciitiLftil.

.SVlcfiilirf

fiiiiiLicflt

\nii--iii

CK 1

i-iljm .1

I

Fulnrrr

>i.iinr=>

1

,

\w

„

:

I

souring

t

iu

WurfiJ

ficras

i>1

n^unn Drill vd Tbe^: Till

[ndiLi ns-i

Tin

i

La

h

i

nit \ c;i7‘>

Ajfo

\

fund PoE tilled tmd

I

tin

I

1

Prthlrtiuy PuL'blp Itlduutfi. filo (.mjjy Xtvj Jos prtred i Hue Vi'tT> dJwttVercd N t 4 Iji Puc-tilo Quelle*!, Nrw 3! iubpctleri yriui; by ihouiaiHl; i>£ If if 1 % N-:0 M. Jtldd. .-

E

by a

1

1

1

1

lin^v

u l-ij uu Lm-

i

i

785

all

I'l.ni^raiiiirr

a miin

Turqiftijjc Jlctidi

oiWt

NaNSntltol

L»

i

^

ei-

SL’i-rit

TUif Sri-ckty

viniltiri In

wflitfH

-

Thh tv

jitJi-eBr

•

liiipiiUtiti'Ei

liuffciui’iEttTC

J

The

stunt remained in \hv

ptesscfimj'ii

of the

r

dynast} until N'acFir $ invasion of India 17/W; sullI Nadi? jsfeye it iti iu.mi When Nadir ti tii'd the Delhi treasury, this stone was HQt jtfflorig rln- t Feature but he soon learned that tilts tiidimWri ernfHTiir, Mi^jhummfcd, had tone cj led li m hte lurbrun tfiVokiftR tin >iM Hindu I’Uitom Vidrr suddrnl y pfo|.N>9til to Mc^EUnmed an exchange of turbans- In token oi recnii dilution When Nadir unfolded line rurbiLii in die secret. y of hb tenu hr bihd Lite sudden rrvidailmi of the sparkling With he c*.vi Lirn-dioh Knh["iLoor " !1iL- meats > Moiml ion of Light." Aliifiul

j

.

1

After tin- >ikh rebclKnn utid anrir-xniion "! ihe Punjab, die Koh-i-noor passed to die T\^l Jtiiiia s"omp^hy with the ?-tipnkitinri iluii ft In' ni

I

11

1

loo

C

j l.

i

i

\ftjm

Same Mitluml

i-i L

ti* .(life

t

r

i

Queen df Ens'ImuL R. hbi es and sapph Eres tr mie f rom he -iM-i

i

Ciirunritirii

mon

whem

inllrrtJirrl

loft ihe

a ^etfe^ of uwncrft,

many

after horrible tort of?*

of

I

nn impure

zmtryf

abrasive,

;n-

com-

of world,

fpriti

few regions m dir however, Lh.ii nrdmui i^ dull malarial is fouftd pure a nil felnwlefs, When red it h known as ruby when colnrteo, pink, yellow greeti, nr violet it Is rilled sapphire bejiudml orange or salmon sap\ mre fj u

corundum

lu

n

;

i.

h known ;t* ^mrndwMk* Ruby and sapphire udors vary In shade h tbcr)> when v iewred n d cren dlrei li phire

i

Then

d urn in urn.,

an otirle

m in eral

LjI

U

i

ft

1'he lapidary ihe ruby

h

E

must

uut in oru?

i

i

unriifi3tJind ilu^, iltrei.L[rjn T its

Inr

roluf

2

1

a Ji

i

NtftiM&l Geographic Mnijj/iiir

Tin-

TBfj

pure and ii*

:

i

«ii

fifty red: hut

a brownish

.

if

ophite

Rii

may

the

red

ptirp!i*b

r

1

rut in ihr

Frequentl y

he

t

many nuruiU thtRi^te in *

:i

111

li-

an n£ 1

»

h

1

j

yield

In

amt fiitrtisiTy star Mpphire fir

.1

1

'

,

-\i

I

1

I

by lie lapidary this pal

nit

will -sum-titties

bring

Thu

Erm,

: I

rcwJfc

ifc

i

r

1-

Pure-red rubies torrighlnic D rants or nt"re are rare indeed: sapphires film uxtsfil TOO carats nr man? in weight. Some ffrtmtl m Ceylon were reported to have weighed, one

Vbn^Et

hm

filter

I»ekn

t

be da wit nf bfctury, Burma

principal source uf

Urtf.

The producing

area

roLiies.

Mogpk

abnoat

is

firns

(page

im-

Lrticu

<

now

«mii-

Rul lies

is the

fjMge 799 ), and s&pphir£s are

depHfsitsor

jpfitvfcl

Museum

Amt-iEcau

from the

wim

entirely

re^idujil sdl,

in

^ipjihift-s

and

pre-

ritlirj-

only source of the rare orange paparailschii* and it Ms** yields Jtti aburssLmcf: icif pink, yellow, brown, rind violet cious stones.

Ii is tin;

Slcmes; as well as large star Sapphires. I

n the

HTtutll*

'

nit

S a tts

-cf

1

Judith

in

my

n

f

-

1

£| eel-blue

fifttT

liuhh

VirL-ii

-v n-

l

.

M

(

mtana has

pnxJtjc ed

stones from miiu-H at

4

II:l

nlor> Iron

(\uiei(y,

ej

:'-.iv!

i-

and puk r-

in

1

Months

u.'ste.

linnet Is

Seiptiog

may

labor

of

p.t>'-

e-Urly

wtitgf? has proved, uri Later eXEuniniiElt’Ji* to be u tmlas ruby, a form uf the mineral splnfL

ihe

^U' h

B Inch f*rtwe Ruby

mm

iti

the

Crown nf Ptaiv, Ii w,n pEiven to die Black S'rim by lYijru ihe t'lm iri L 3 rJ and wa s strhgniuCTirly worn by fclejiry X h in hh heluk't ctcpivti ul the Buf tie Iron* of ihir British

1-

I

f

if

uf

\uiiu

The r.u

I

m

uurL

itmnifjus “rul'-y " 1 '

:;aw

h

"

wKl

>" At ln«i i?n

ii

'In

Gii^Utvus TH of Gn.il .inrf was

considem! ihc fitlest in Europe. Now it Is known fn he rirbellrii:, n red variety of lour malsne.

Another large lulcis rub>’ + whiih rtmsqu#adrd as me ruliy and is- nuw Sfnang ibe British eruw'si utice adorned the bridle <.if 1

btfuife art

found-

Gsns

Produces Syndu’lfe

enturhs man has imitated the pn- « stimcs in rhea per mulcrfnb- With the advent uf nimJcm science he hai- a tempted Eu reproduce the natural stone flitificbllv. la the case i^t Llie ruby and sapphire he has been eminenlly ]

i

i

*

I

5UcLf?5ful Sviithetsu rubles anil ^Lpphirts, md iq.T nguitfh^h le jrnm the n.n ora -.mm's except by means of their rut mile Slits, ,irr nr>w I

being

producer! the •> anrntolly ipigv ^L0), I

Much

mlllirms

of carals

the synihedc material finds its W3&S iichr MttStry,. fciUE J.irue quauLities urn issri.l in hiss Stntngfly ruminii enormi>us jewelry. cif

i

pte^uctitei df aritfirinl genis haSTiut fnllueticcd Lhe value oS" the natural jzi-m.

Even the

striking

i t fferi

of the

si.ir

stories

%m

Lame "ruby’ mentioned by

;i

where

been n?lea-vd fri-in their tiiither o-i.k by weatherinu. The parth or gravel is brought to the surface through pus i=unk to the gem bearing layers, ilu- mnWrluJ vavheil by lomb and luces is picked friim the eouren-

In-

Mlssniiri River,

Mai 13

Jfcutt

h a ve

lhi iy

i

Ts rich

\miu-

P

Star Siapplorc-s from Oeildtl

Ceylim

fine (pLul-

1

The Burmese mines produce

r

[ ili-umiied

state treasure. Among h- finest ster -ii.m s arc the Siaf of India, a 5&3-camt $1ur -Hpphire, ami the De Long sinr ruby of 100

aiisjuirtaisl

other evnis as well,, particularly cpitieb, or kilas rubies (page 7901 * and iapphirefL The rubies are of the fittest quality* rich pigeon-blood red 1U cdor* an- sorortthtil inferior. Lai while the the mu iv- of Thailand bumwer, the* revere U

A

nnrl

L^rve gappJa|E^ t on (be oltar Ittod., are jtni unennmuni. A sii>nr wdghittg 951 ciiwts i> said in have belonged to the thigs ui fiturma. AnutLirr. of JuU caimtS i- MM l.nli-r] in tLsi RifcH*

I

and iwu pounds

arats

5

tv exceeding; -r 3 carat? in weight..

ral ITbtfkrv

r

.

,1

Indeed are [he true rubies of

I’t'W

York*.

1 3

I

ghat

i

Jahnni Aiirarji^eb.

siut]

star

and bviif? the fumou^ Mu^uls Jahan-

w cf

jiHfcriiHhiie. nf

ruby Eptigp 79$}.. A 2 -rayed star mhv from Cevl™ re cm V t iv.l,- uxMfolted in Lb* Mir.ari Gem FlrlK *A in American Museum of Bfotuftd History^ New 0

| r

,

Stiah.

1

feshknirid

ts

iininrfum crystal itriitmtN

Tbcs* luduskms

crystal

1

i

illusions iJial have arranged the he sago mil pattern of tbt

1

I.'-

-

t

i 1

gir^ Shtih

rL 5Ull 4

hi

1

bn rcphfducnd to Luj^Ijule [irrlsn tiort. \ itvix) not be unduly cdoctrneif htiyw i>f nf thr cetn market by the about this artificial product, jioi^ew!^ Iop a jt'.weiiT can distinLjni.-h [fie natural from The

man-made gem. Beryl a 'ilk'iite *>f beryLlsum and aluminum, is not nti unctvmtnnp but is rardy ferudkf in the tutor nnrl darfty n^ubllr fur a predotis L’ein, The ordtrarv miheral h the inn portent AFmn 5 i always ore oi the metal lie ry ilium. It ts fnuiirl in crystals, s^mfitime* wnhihing r

LG it

i^iEis

nr inun?.

The oimmun form h

prism. Like co run flu,m. the

.-:i.v

-id*f1

,

mijieral Vltir

ih.n of

Isavr reiz^lvrtl

green

emrfiilds.

s

olor varttSuns of di^lifkl

gem

\hh

tiamti's.

r^lnfed by irhmmium, are Sea^jri?eu or blue viirsetles are

r

LrfKlkin^i

M

i

e

i

ii

l:

i

n

„

\J

flu.

iflc,fiiJn(|.Lnt

[Ji. mil lies

j

I

ran by

ili-tr

I

idu

El

Kcndfe

Sim:t fiYTy kncjtvn ki* lit uwh kijfil ul ijfJruLlErm Dr. il. S. SwiIllt, fViMitial* L'umIii^ a I l&fi ea ^ Euf^ fS,y me a mu i>l Teflcclmir nl the SmilhruiniiiTi lutdiuHhn, i-in $ ilLL lHjE ihc rt&m: cm the insirunienl h s fcundur. 1 niimmL kiwe=. amS jl Erailuat^il See Re IRmj f rf ruC i-fllnelirl lUnsMJret llw. SNIP* JJKSc4 r liwi> lnJrFitifyittg El ftjftUfAEtb'. ^mnh-T doc- la Jls ffirdfu straviri hf the itiinr- hi iiib L ^ £inaj nu »l| with that tfif ara niiul viiEuthi* i>E water, ^ii r. miinfil l rfizv:' vuliu: defy fhti t*:? beauty dural nEffy, rurily Of 1 ,SHj IiLlaijrt i\|tli (lip in itw hj ekui^u chJ nriwfnLl ?J more lh Jc-= qudLily j* pffitf. 1

,

1

I

)!

,

1

,

!

,

:

1

if

” s £

ur. fS

l "x

s

= 5

££ g-

Li

s

1

^

a *-

^>i *T “^!

a

*

52

^

IS

‘2

'

"

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2

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II

Tinti

>eEi

Gulden Amber, Mnjfcfi

^£5iii|iHT[fHEt

1

1

ii

sj-s

hi

*

ii>

Inrh'H’rJ Uy HI: rlJjutrv. \ r'l

t

3m

Mrir

no

*hr

M

i!

1

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,

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Linn isem

at]i

ii

init#riw3iT4l \n-

nJ Affllmi 31 l!Hv ivnrih

|m

I'l.virt

lialllr

,

n

I

Give an Enwrutct Pulitit)

iiKLliiLJaiw 4

Um\

up

rj]iiu.'i !L|.

NC cjirvm

Sh;ipLj ]j

i

st-Entier vr\k*

rordil^ to Hpmrr" in

I

y

ronqi( tU'«in.

li

Tiphl

r

It

ii

n

;i

t*

\\ hi

ii

lin:ii

li

i

E'kiII

I'anir

GVmi in£ H* nil Di-nk

Shellac ^flttiEr) try \in Limp bialdi ihe ecia rui a ftlrit', E^yjsrtly l hr Mpiiia ry biscirc (he *NrL n a^jt [a!lc iht it.- -nr tu llu. TfFhri‘1 which hr \iix= Fri’u.-lit ulUj |H]lbihjjii|f pk'ihiH (tnm t|ip Ssuiwi, Renjirh L'nlumliinit fnvrmlfi^ a\ Itfi rvail trt be cut jun-ii ajanoihrif 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

t

-

Exploring

Wurlil nf

j 1

1

’.

There are aMt pink
^

B

Wljudor, The cmltest

Gcbd Zabam shoflrs

Inve

S"iee n

enieralrU

of

Stpun-tr

near the

sbu thwttfcm

Red

work ed

wns The

Thfe rrrhirs appear to

Sttt.

until

t

hr

full

I

renruty when

ihev were ismipleitlv Just. U* br

m

h

i

r

Queen

New

p*i*igaijdoji

hi

look somt* frum the of efiieralrls, Pfcfitutrd Incas and strtl them |rj die Quern -ii Sp:dn file firs! iiiftScatkin uf their source rami? in

wm

when Gon/alu j Emeitei d* Quaftdi

nine bratttrful gften stapes presented

i

by

(he EuhcibitiiiiU of the toiwn cd Gujiclurta, ur .ml h=j! hb in'.: inquest of CuJ imbio* Although the Indian? carefully tenanted iJie tick ^taice kn^iii.n ifi the mine*, ^by >

i

1

l

1 : i

1

r

dim

I

he early tihronides. ’ihry found a youngster, probably nf III Me cutttffng, who Icitf ihetu ihidI

emerald mines were

be found at SofflCiunIn 1 the more fjmvus mines at rfixn," .YJiizu. 65 mite* if* Fin Bogota. were disci utered by he Spanish m tidier jii.ni E’rrifizriu. Stones tented friini ihr nulhTu ur recovered tu

l

urte

front the mint's

then sold in Phris, in Europe. the rest

Tbete U

Turkey

hKtpr|j«t(

The

to

Sfjjtfta

litifl

finer rtunts vrere fefcpt

IQ India. Persian flttd hardly an Oriental ruler

serii

wins does out possess

some

ti»

mluule quantities bieL,

brnnitiiat, wliich

lilur r.dttnnioiil

rich

n

id'

lailensi

high fist prices. ml chartreuse greens eeiuI oIHet shades arv eqtMiily b^ndjiqiire.. The m.irian.' unlike the asteriM, must Lie fkwl^ md limp dd Bei iuue uf their p:ilf r v- «r tareje slontis art mur.li min'r effector lli.m tme*: the vogue is fur stones of largif si\vje< tte

1

I

_

I-

r

.

1

1

Fortunately, all piw&ai stuftiei Ihr fui unman nr fa ftnand in ihe tergest iluw Ee&s py^stElif. JlH* weighing 220 pounds was found near [lie Brazilian liHage of Murambida te Id 10 (pa^e 7'T *,

•

Tin- wfis diKovered,

of these emeralds.

eiiuIumI

in.'dLi,

acm

rlut (jirgifst

rvci

hisdEf ea'cniiulerni difficulty

Its

triuispiTtiqg the huge crystal hy canpe If to the ^fiu-euitina cenlrr tbi- fcuiisf err in

mu

r

blur

if

i

En

C j-i

i

100,000 tarab* Ttife it lor

.

-

tlie

h due

erueraJits

*if

Hie

In color.

tOD mrat-s nf m*pre.

the

r rn

I

uiu

unlv

;

Spain

rif

Wbftm rJio Sjianiarils came Wnrldj they found he natives

^7

i

S05

1

IS$E timcraEU^

I

uf

irms

differ

tiilnerjJ.,

green

(

\tpiariui:inet

in

the

inf

!

i

i

yellow

iHlI

ay

in

superb

l

\

1

yielded more than

1

slfuits,

h is crynlaS

was

green

a

»^f

tot the niust. desual'lc .iha' fr. Ir was discovered, however, that by cautfmis heat Inn of the stfltuss Lhe eidur uiiEd be chanitcii u>n rich es blur nf urins.ij;d Uinphlity., ibcnby greatly itonatltag ihr v.dirr nf the gertis derived from it. ii l- now i*i heal green aquumarlncs l*t turn them dear ijrcen,

i

bl tie,

Aqtiamiiriiw s niuthei rock Is pe^autite. The deep tropical weachesm^ of ihn- rucks in

BmQ relem^ti ihr

rystnls ftniu their mai.rlLV'-

*

hum in be eaidiy ifetovfrred from the rur ten stow te which they are ciribsthteil, nr

leai-ltm.

*

i

mmu

L'Vtft i<*

tiiar

preFeflt day.

undoubtedly one uf ihr lurg&i uf the CdombEnn rmcrahta fa this unguent jar Whar,

i>

made by Dhmysio Mllsermt, aem engraver. in lb? Vienna

furiiMh Milam-r*

1

colJettiati^ (ptfle

Curved from a single hexagonal rich grata* cry.^il M Weighs 2 t6SU ratals, or nearly 1 .i pound and a hnlE.

Jinn to the rain was h. whkh larfics lhe:m duvn ref ]>ill ,-lrjpet into creek birdft* MifiljiKUH^ir i- imnther Impc*itanl source of «

\posini:

til

nqtinmaritats,

794).

A

similiir hirer

lie Fmpeo-r

emerald uf curious hivhrry

iru d fn-nn a single Cutembiaji crystal. Jjhansrir. ‘Coti qqerpr m the World,” was addicted in wineli*

U'lii-u his

J^shsirwrir

lip,

^

favurhr wife,

fiUi

Nur

Jalian

nue

_ .

r

r

i

he nnied rhe JitTcreiiee lu

iwu

1

hi-

il

capacity us

R.M'ef

than

aquamiirmc

the

from oihtT varietfe

dlffiTs

n rare alkidi

nn.'tal,

rompotltiriti.

The

slone

This

lico'1

it

cuntidti^

its chernii

in

h

.il

nuist dtssrabh color of this 1

Vninn^

Pc;i| Li iTfidudcd

pevn

U

f

Tarns

to the mhnTaJogist s fiiJneral. hul Et hiL* always

nt:cniTJiitg

t

rmt

defiilitioti, fa

i

been cuniiidcfnj iliu' iIlll tht- jierrw I'pantis Bfimls are the secrctionary botites pro7^9 ) -durrd hy im Husks as a prUt^-lten agnli -i irritfttSng irtduFitM nr |iara>i:tes that inv;uk ihi 1 jr idy rif iht animal. .

i

p

liy-ii’f-i,

(lie

dams, umdi abalmu*, H

dhi'fd itfudm £ 1

vessels.

pint

deep rose pink,

fa

Thu

in ihat

ccsitim,

lltc*

fa

beryl* sometimes called mnrirtnirr,

rlriy

found him iwitad with his rnni|wiori?* drinkEne frnm rniiiTmaiis etips nf gnld, ?&hr rtlfded tup m> belter than ihvyu uf him fu-r hi* snb iei:l± TTpriJi hb oath lhat h would drink It mi tm *ilJirC?r N'ur jahan presented him with ihr emera Ed cup, r was nuch eased utsl ij \

I

i.

[ivarls..

‘

rind

The huge

many

t'ridm na,

'

1 ‘hfa

cup

fa

ruiW Jn the OrlSiuly

of the Xniiunul

t'olJ teflon

Milium.

Ivuerjihb and .iquamarlnes. from the

* tit

sititse

Sec _l

I

Jiind- r

Tfnimfie* ftmL Tlidr NiYTinV.U CcD - •.E.-kl'lELL'

'TTip VietuiA

ll.lt

W‘llk'.-f,

i'^n.

lail3i-rinf

v”

y

r

f

r

1

1

1

8-Q 4

' I

Nate on

he

.1

(It ogf i ph ic

]

I

f

ig 4 / n e

Hi-"-

Lfc*

“Lu«ik,

N. !

Ilk Faml

Uiftmtind'"

it

Tfat-c rmfnlid enmi ntfJVr 3 hi? y air ffunnniicApMj lor ti>n-trj.lMnii. taefcod up wMIc Ion dim? uns tnf* Jfl A-

vilLik[^Ej^ r

Herr

“‘I

hint /

i^ipta^iLLnd

Meun

jy

d

iiijii

J

\LfcS.mium Uuw.LfJ

$3tK)f tin

liwi eh ciimjj.njy bnrracki, When they |p liu-ltir. r liknlon^t Hbctinati ibow* Ow "I in-- l^y il Maw bt

ELve cltiLrte;i:il

'

.1

He Bar* ConMikktnl

darn y hi life Hum- .u larjie lint an those ronliitsks with as busttmteJ* mol hen rtf-pearl shell OtD jvrritin irifli-iiml or

VI

iiinl

’

7

!

lew

Itlfile

Kiiv.l.i

iky

h

tun' pearls &tv expensive, but natural ut

"on

pearl* ftfimin ani.-:i£ the clearest lux-

etitnl

,fc

j

i)ii<

i

ri

precious

the pearl ml mirS in the same ]jear| t for

is

mud*

of 1

manner as the sjitid matt the slid] itself. 1.4. "'Li lt hi lie ©Mi u> IBi.i t The? Pinr twin p inhn.1 thing he western Padfu; aid M am Oceans. T he f rush -wal er mUSSfil 3ftU5 1

1

I

:

i

1,

1

1

r

I

i

1

'

1

I

'

1

:

1

t

l

I

i\

i

hiitdrul&i

also Il

com man

In

\

some uf our streamy

h precj fills pearls. would acrrii ,t simple matti-r

ti

.

Introeluce

ouster and thereby pi^uf; but years »f induce the fornuiimn ief t’s-ptriFTiErntEitl'm passed tolijn this was juiheFar emturie* ihtssfally accomplished* 1 ‘hlnese placed small lead Buddha* intn freshwuler ntusseh niici obtained small peart truck fttEiichefi to the shell hiponggc pruflijiiFrin of ’cull luted" pen h curs later about 10.000,000 in 1920; I’ub |iviuP were being produced annua Hy. a

pearl

.1

Imve

u ] ltd

1

11

"

thr most valuable of

pal ut

hireely ln-eausft

all,

tin rlifiH'ult} of ijEterminEiig 1

1

and knotting how

iu describe

it'

cipalus y-iu will sre the refulgent

fur hi the ri

re of the

purple uf \lui iimiriiybll, and the sea tcreen uf the emerald, and all Lhesu le. Liu? i^uri'-niis

Sot “ShffTh Takt: Ynli tV^rt Wdiftl Hriftain&j" 1 iiuHBArjiic RuM'ii'-iliird I lull. V iTin'i'.'.i

im

1

Ii

M

1

i

--

.

Naticival tlncEAPHir h Jjipiin Trhs FtcHmun'i kond.' hrv FreHefirk G. Yu^ Imrcti, 19^0 w fhi itn Bcittijm of n Sianlh'SoL P*?ari Lagoati," In Roy Widdo Mlhrf( &plcttlA T 1 ? Sb*-,

hie

E tt

IJ

:

,

I'C’H-

1

F’Cflrl

,.

FEfhinif In

Xi*vtimljqr1

1

My

Valuable of All

ifictk

riijiy stated tliai “Invetfi of prvtibiis stuitts

carl mot:

\ idi

a nuclear tnlu

uries,

indiun I-

Smit]]

b>'

in

I

f. .

; l

ihfc

3 1 u. -"?

,

itt'd

^r^.

''Ftihina far

Uflla 5ijM:y i-h. -Sr-

Fiibru-Lry, 19 12.

Tr

l

<

I

Isry

tab in

WniUf. hv n .

ftjmri

f|r

tkc Frlirunry, ll'iizh

1

1

Expiring the an

col at? irftttfring together ttiEsnl in

cjt

iTinrt'd-

I

Todav many lovers of Hems, ndraWngl the Si^traltfui .•iirikitiely brum if ul Mesjean and

mkmwn

^i|mlsT

mn

mo^r

'lie

I

to Fliiiy

ir*

hue

ifnil

stQl consider

,

iif

hi

this

7S4);

i.pjtge

Jn cfiHnfc

fejly

to quinti, thf

r-uM| mi-^iilmi

if

crmumwss

of

similar

ls

ii

ill "Kiltfl mltlefuits.

ilrty. [torn which The oldest known opal the Romans probably obtained their griTts* Hungary (not* Cerveu. f- t^i'i'vUTii^.L, in

frnKi

opul^ed tree irunk,

nf ran

moeh

hits Ireen

s'lit'fr

lop.iA

\*i

i

eoufusHin

the

-in n.iLiSy

nn rslomi

TrijriwtH

Opal f*. line of the few mtnpab that have never crrolallizctL One might call it a rock

il

and represent -

jILoy

B

Virgin the outer bark section

Niitmnal

he

A

wjv.''

ihJif

S05

fi^ms

in

tire

rL-yaf d ing

name ome front Red Mti. Jind lire

was the pctWol nF truH-Irm Ehne-s Tiwlay he mineral commonly ufferctl as opfu is a much \e*s ialiLibEe vdlow variety of .imirni tjrm

I

I

(|UzlXtz^ osJled

dlrinr.

To

the niinersdouist, hiiwevcr. topiLr c;m J me:tn only mie mbit-rii], n lIno^FiiLiLe .i llUhtiT-

num

&

TTtis Is

r

fairly

wfdesprfiftii

mjiu.rai,

These mines no laager yte stones, Huiipnriati opals titipW a rtwrfi nf I'rtj blur, and gi'tw color? of clifmgfiig hues

frequent Fy assKialut? with aquiiftmrine, whi> h

on

more abimdant (p-agtr 7901The finest yellow
C/.eL hi

far

va kin,

white

u.

I

I

i

Xp

Srml.il Queensland, m arid South An.-AmUa profftrc* gles, Hems ir-oiri Lightning Ridge, New stinrrjs *111 Ft W*te$» hnve a unique splendor: fit a body u r dark -gray nr Itluk stone, inyrkub of mloreil lights dunce with each slight mrtVeUnfortunately the mines men i of the jut almost exhausted of rich materia* Among ilif run mis form? of natural qal from Australia are tlir pemfied form- el fix-

W

of

i'i

g™

1

hiLc( life, snail lithI

and

lawi -o'-IK

i

men

ihi-

hones of the Time extinct >winimine wpr.lt, Mouspatints! changed so colorful genuL TS« ; >.tL- .if Mecko afp iniiiatuccnL, with TtiOiPiiirf^bEr ?mrdl Toil brill hint flashy fif color !n some pimfil rating die body of the Slone, nr yellow ten orange brawn, a the ba^ft b >

I

rare find tmugLifd color for opid.

The

finest*

Itnrl

iTip

T.LH--1.

ari_x

the

4l

llovi/-

(from the Spanish Ho$fon&, m rfrkwith colored darts i1a*hims thrimuh .1

nandof f.U it- r

1

1

The

matrix.

similar to

effect

riu?

I

of iiizht nb5enrrtblr when he >uit mini h shines through atawers on the high plateau of Mexico. I

enJoricia

or

sire

eosc-L'uInrcfl ^tiNies uri- r:ife+

iling dui:ed by awfully Thsr bent-colmred sto&cs arc i

l

but i^an be

yeww

hr

rirri* Si

^inn^ n-s

j

iisifc

Tnpflje.

rjEedibir stotus are not uncomiu'm ;snd jn cornet iiiK said ns aqimmuiine^. Ainny ricif rxiiiTijiSr^ c.tmii- from ihr rri*tiiri a bum Sfur i=inkd. jn the Urals, but nre tiuw f.umii mute

ahutuhnlly and

in larger

Snnie

in Bruiril,

ry^fnP were jEcenlly found in nn ;u|uatnarlnt! mine* fhioi which the Xation.il Xluseuru received -i perfectly fura^ed crystal of 117 |MHinds. A met u.ii ti Pnura^. while wMespread have Iji tie romfuerchil jmprrrtftncc. Pine Mur iTysini? have hern fbunrf In Sah DEeiso t 'minty. mve n aUe "al form n, a mi U& tom' ike Sm;ill from Colorado, Texas, nnd ^tnlne. hutfr

<

•

il

i

c:.-

i

1

'

hi

1

crystals

fjloe

Ttn fr,

retrioti-

>L-strl

I

clostly fe?eniTdes. TbpttE Is often yi'llnw. bin

it

my

!

I

frnm

Petrified Forosi

1

i\ypd£ aystiils tn-tur

in

the

cavities of

™.H;

a lava bed near Desere t+ Utah; though

m |uentJy

—

wv Jull- ml. .r u ci til t- \\ rn sutdt^hi fades them, -L3t Accord tug tn the tmeknt >pm^ ifi psily tooled bntlEiig water, lm\ iingtrt* ime ii mretS aAihmri, and hisomtiizi; i^ijurird lasatilly 1

Ii

i-v

i

«Ji

i

t*

-

r

«

r

One

deposits in thE tmuiil of the pq$t world it ihr o[^H*ed forests of Virgin Valluy, northwestern Nevada. Kern i'vlt^msi cones. in limiting npg-lf are found among the [lerNfied bfflpdbes nf wood bdrlnj in the ash u[ at iii ill vokuno But the Nevada st ates have w I'Ll k it- i as th e-v dry nil nui Ii t tides it frit » nf small cr.uks [orm which eventually wt-.ikr.n •i

ii,

i

i

j

'.

1

,

!

1

1

1

i

:

,

1

.

£om

heaury + The kr^est knciWil a{al w:t* (enmi fn tlu595 Rtm^iirLin mttuif In X17Q nntl jpam.- i-r «me pound and five mmrts, 1 kin the

sad dektroy

their

gram?, UflLxhc--

death

•-ur|rk-n

good

disEesiiimi

anil

Eiyerliil

surely some! hftig worth own-

i»gt

Otiy^biKrj'l \

l’eltl*'

E

hnctf

1

inn.

ifi hl-m;'u mincrat riirvsot^rvE a rate arnl « Motup |i yielding thref dSstmt \y\Kt of "In Js a L:omtiliiiitijJii of allmiiha :itmI titTi’flicl. Simple Itardnessi it approaches the sappliirtr. cJirySfpheryb \t:< found £ai Brazil Buid CVyliJus, '

ii

r

shows

ti

fine Lenson-i

ell.

m

in L'hjirtteiLse^reeiL

5 A3

m^gDiiliem Tilack mans with hrnad nf gmui, blue, red., and yelW, udw in

upon two unusual varieties: otArcye and jiciandrite ( page 7bi*y

lmjieTp;il

One

Jirid

the latter a rare and parcicukrU' lmnd« mi ink But ifm too of the ctestslK rvl n-u tile fly

1

the

strenglh

only is

n.

Mif-icmn ;0 Vkittid, sligbtiy smailrr, weEgbinif

gulf,ir, -».

i-

l

.

.

1

j

1

Varsund

l‘hc

frCNi

(Jtfi

a ttniistucrnt chrysoberyl with of hnflr-y lo greenish -yi Itn w r oIa-vt < n iw

cat s-eyn

is

u ralM

Indusfons, so that & stone cut rtf idhu, kart ip.tgi- T&tt) shows white (ine Ms of silky sbfceJi nirivfttg ovttf the -urface Fcssrubbmce to the U Unt rye iliv™ It fis name. mlniiEr

|

;i

ami j$&

rtu? alexandrite, green in dftgii^ht

1

ifiraphic

dnrk-^reeu stone, Jadeite frequi ntly tnntainfi dirofirfuiii, icmiUfpg in .l [iLiiii-i ial rf fine a|ip& i

i-ttvemld

I.i»

haw

*

ntijeeis nf

Only

nTiiifncd hli

hem pmdnird

ftli^andrfLf^ fysve

-ra Kill

Rttssk: Ccylosi has yielded mm. h larger V very raft stride, cnmliipiii* tht- efteiris opes, nf both thf! cm £*jyr and ito alexandrite, is ki *Vi iiialexandrite cidT-eyi.' Mimrrjilinriiriilly, ihe peridol i |wi? 7^01 & iiwgnesiuni and iron tftlfed tJie stfeate of in

ii

ii

am

lo the

icfst

nfe

-.

spin"

r 1

mlmblu

i

frir

known :is liana]!, kimb of meteorite*.

fniiti-rial

Middle

toml^

AifierifA hi

remit ins

peridot's afotmttimr, ipjilerinl Inb gems Is ftne. Tb only (otn-

mm

i

I

huve

Jiolf chisdis 1

he n:ii,Mtis of tbe

i

\mvti nfCtHiireti

iils4>

Swks

caj]^' i

The iafge^i kniiwn peridot owoe ndurind Ehe figure nf a j^mt in Austria It is amw in hr Katiiinftl A! QSf uni

lake dwelling-

biarly % Fiddle Ajncricniis

^ttl

J

Thr

use -d iadu by the C hinese is wdl but ihi! fact that the early Middle

Americans also

useii this mtfleflni

[.itrhaps

Tu u

of Jjih,-

rni

i

;

h

*

i

page 79&

i

i

i

Central Amrui H Imve yirldcd mmn»rotis ie.vveds nf wiiudrrfnlb ndvanrrd atiiTi.fr cfrticeptton ftlpl-HMEt

The

I

Mnyo and Aztec

Inter

ailturcs

“stone of the Spanaatl ^/r'drij tfe tjftdn ilde' 1 in .iltittinp 0« its puppnsed power iu i

relieve pains in

i

In/

siilr,

and referred

to the

bronchi by the Spanish cod* ftum Meslvu, [L ie tor s A -Uimr of •similar appearance and with similar mysitol piupct.

sitiues

i

Irs

i

was known

("dntu

as tqpia t^pUriticwf

1

of

ibe kidney”)** These iwn stones havt been 30 tbornusthly o infused that both varii-tfe itv uriw tnduded Xtineralrjftic^il r.samiinnler the tetm jade Elalfmi has shown that one, TiMiiCril fadr itfi, a-i a

nF f.dd:i

-alii itt*;

now eaJJeil magm. -in. 1

l

I

1 i

and

Etephrite,

altiniiim

the second

two minerals can he for their tmly cocmnou

J’he ,

1 ^

h

a sHkaie of l[mr nul

Is

Lnuu t>h i!d -j i> k is *u»h ness dim i

sib.'

given in f'urtts by Monu^urrm wtxe valued liy the .\ztecs s| iwo Ina^Ss nf gold* Only the giwh Hfcul file uofiltrr? were pemritled tn wear Ihb

Tivj

prl/tH] jndr- high)}

[i[ct.r.s

i

jiitle

if

r ”

fmesl ml nr nr jade is u rich emerald green, the so-cidhd irnp'riul jaile Thr Chltieaie liken Shis color to hat of the to \httE of she hinese kingii slier and ca.h i* frr tar. the Hii-

I

sjusctf

1

1 i

L ii

i

1

readily

y lo

hie,

h

iti

p\m

f^rtri

a tv

It

e

the

i

phgjrtag^

the

(if

wide u^v

into

t'asne

‘inimicrriid -mill e nf jiirlrit^ at

only

T3te

hr pa'i-vm is mriie^ of ITpptf borrua. which started ftfie product if hi in the IVth century.

1

Tillej

E-

[(

ist

1

m

i

1 1

ex

.in

7‘

lp:|*;r

limVCLllLiLI

v; iria

p.l

I

j

I

r

:

1

r.i

tbS color ranges. fnim white,,

i

i

Efn

HflH

1

miiicrflJ

F

through

11 f

1

hi;

spec iri.

aJi

shaihyf

and hint- hi black, it list!? dflTerenl culiirf when viewed fn diltontnl darectiDTi^— yellow and green* brown and i-l'i!, uf

reil,

'

"^i

1

.

Vi'tlbV

yelE-nv; green,

i:i

j of If

."

.Lilr

w"hite.

1

1

S

L>

iTlt

TiLTI-'

-

HurinJ

-I

fttr

Sfi^nliirAMtp “ by S. -ii

_‘_

tin N.iviiiSAi >rj|?iw*AWt«

t*rri.li

Ihj

I

Nephrite may contain varyinn amourUs of iron In yield a pate yrflowUh'gnsrn to

.mil railed

durkisiflia,

-

jaddie

il

g

i

astifi

compared

MttiiM* Sc rijitT- of care fully inatchvd heads of imficrial |iu3e have H\h\ tor ^IDOJJOQ. The earliest Chinese jade was fnmt an unknown -ourtt. In iliit hi hi dyitasty rnbr.ui 1121 tii J'i9 u. L%1 nephrite ffottl kliotJin r In L'lLiel^il

< ha flic-

polish (kith mtphrlte

f

.Azli-kis

was derived frmn

lie

peen

;tr

early ns the t iunt^ej is nnt ^enernliy realised. 'I mu ibs A Lhe l]cntn t ivJllEalion ul Atriin* and

i

a

Jpik

l

r

he o

fmm

vtiliuhlc rnnivtfiul

ants.

i

;itd

f

hni'iwii,

it

r

a

(hb

Sgptrbly f^hjopiecl have bevn IdUbd in

as early a* hr Idth renlury tv I'hc high urtblii qualify nf t.hrse ubk '-b Jndiuito a luhg perk id in the u*r id Judo uif^dating even ihb remolc |Mrrlod, stmikir

is

mercint sporcf i* small St. John's Island in here have hr Red Sea. TjTikal cry sink f Iji-esi found in eatnvalion* m Alrsandria, Kgypf. proving that these deposits Wi-tv worked in very early limw Small iOMfies of fine color arr found in antThe ict-mws watther hills in northern Arizona mi of a a iindrut fcm T and ihr bright grains me amcna ibo ttlftleriitb- bmuf liE r. the surface bsv

ntwmts

Ihe

“lone

|in|i*>riwil

.

found in certain

i

must

riu-

1

certain types of lava

in

Eh

Oatfita juui

J"ii.li

undoubted tv tht gem known Mbvine, nmuwrrs .|J tojiu^-K,

b

ft

iilEvine.

ih.Ll

•

Jade was ptirhaf*

Any Tsar Atexmider

1]

ia drill-

I

i

i

llsht,

tui

likiuliiri'S

buried for centuries in rtid trci|iicfl] d-iys toibilw the n]or U\ bei ime rich iron mlA si [phi amount uf niimminti.-ie En while juddlt indui'fs delimit lavender tint.

kn^wu

l:

tritii,

fain

was first dfcrawml in the emendd mine or Tukowaja lit ibe Ufidi on tli-c ;i!i ifi

l(j

•

I

J

a

0 i

iiiifiCcr;

|h

p-

by Miltbi

1

.

\v IV,

3e|ilriail>(u

,M

hdETi

n

|

januniy. 1

1

-

*

.

194.1;

!

U F!i-

i.'arv.

by ^laulivw W; SiitFthc^

Metimtt i

HAAjknA:

11

t’ftli

:.

ililiI

FJniJttnfl

1

S\\ littm,

^t.irnni Hdrtlnv

X-u-nintirr

q

h

.

Espl nrihg the Wojrld of Gents

v.j lif* iimjtiiHiU fftMuiurmt

I mJe OjfliMflda tti Relies of i

By#me

Emerge frum

People.

.1

<*«

iib'lufd

JHrwirl

II

Me* re H Cudl^ m M ITtle

11 lj tnprr [trcEtuu* ifun j^i'ld lu ibe '"'Imec. Maya, ;irrl a uaict after Vlt'AinA tatv Imperial JjhJc ftfnuiflf lift vslwiifet. .i* nuwiihE- Wtolr !b« mwktalt mined it In ibc SfuiMnidj fctcr-c- Llr. anr! Malthew W. SUrliriD. nifvtibcn oi I h-e Nad^ml tJer^raphte juttf-rl II &driy'-Stn3lhw.itabJi Jnslifuiiofe Arit'hcfiliHfieaT i^Krttilaoiii re will lie McftkiXt bru^h lb* rtiit (}f piUurin mil npurtEto uaCovriuii at LMj u du Lis ifiiiu c*xLt |>1u£>. Lmj.il-

Jade wai

r

l.ir

1

-i

I

*>>

<

wm

Mr

.

i

m

lavender

4fu!l

ru*^ an jilinm}

jtiiitdrr

viffethm

mi i^n

were mi enough, m#hy Sun atv littm Jtt crystal*- nro mldlfcofufetL one end* red at the allied A fane Unarm tlinr «dviwaii|* bauds »«f red, white, and icrterj, tilt natfonjil tutors pjI MoicoT wis presented lu ihe Prcsidml if ibpt country. Another variation ii

1

[5

*7!

h

.

i

erinmiErit \mntta Most striking are

is in

«
dtffen'iit t-nlurfc

ihr

siM-iklcd

-'w.iirt-

melon^ tourmalines from frlatmtc These have urt-en rind mad a pink infertor, Irt chemical mala - up the tuvtnnallne is Rudkin remarked iJtm Its equally nirajiU-jt. 'I

1

eiimpi Salima

The

prLtu:i|

fme

in itfinrleSk

As

Brrudt

like

i

iui

.ikhemisi

s

Formula,

jjem variety is a liLhlUni sudicini ulumiEiifem

hyd r ok y -bn r n -^i

1

k ale.

si cities

fumi^hi

ul *ou ret i

d many

i.hl*

>sf

colors*

pn

H

yieli-

Mnd^^cur

;iTnnns nthor cnlur?, n fine red H|i^

7-.

mUv Burma, South-'WeH

In criliir p tailed rubrlHte.

the

praii'hiitp

\

T

r

and

i

«

:

i

frTuftinilim

$lso yield fine kcht* In tounmlliu* the

h-

>

finest 1

1

Untied Slate- 1ms Maine has produced

fgtm*

n ustw

j

i|i

i

id tty

Q&cgo Ummi.y

f

am

r

nu

I

h*^

CktlffiTTiio,

t

i

lw

m net:

i

to

1

1

ni.i

including tw-xoinred

handsome

stones,

ind

smi? uf superb |M ility nnd c ill s-iyrs These mines lauw

cree^Ti

-

loLcmiHltTiE-:

duce

fesv

Thd

:

of

San

l.

prmliuied

its

red «

nn*

i:-n>

stonef-.

term

fpa^r 7^5 > GdVlfir^ -l family of clostly ttlitod mlnemfev indudintt the specfei;

^Eiraiet

almnnrfinr, pytiipc, .sfjessailJte, j|?Tistutar-

-

[

Tlic National €5

SOS

t

amjraditr and uv^trovUe. The usual but fddU mjor*. ire rad, brawn, and -iri'L'Ji, and blink kurus air also found. Hit ininnum specie. Is aJimndinL^ an iron 1

.

i:.irhutu‘li a

In.

=

only

CM.ee

in

known

:is

\"i tli Carolina. is magtserian variety fre-

A

ihrufulite.

smuhfcriiHt ticry-red whose principal smrrre fa Bobetnf^ fnf

v

In*

r

tv.L:-'in

!i

a.

-omHjmr-

fa.

floht-inkiti

call)

mk

I

Valley-.

qwtttly seen’h pyrufw*

5tnw

found

forttn

lr

nib>\

1

,

HiL"

^ilckTj-brnwB j^mS. Grijssubrite, ink in ni Corm pf garnet* siipplitiM he csf*un-

1st


mi

hi

riders to

nf the

diamond.

»

high lusler. resembitflg dial TWs ran- ami beautiful siutic

rally in Che

fiarnel

h a wr.

Mumiiaius.

ral

I

ummon

t

regular

hi

1.2

B at

b nf ecu h rn n Hi"’

and

)F

El*

found

FisiJiir) i

r

E

.1

mime is

’Tune

iH^on, variety nf jmdradlte, culled dmtmUoid. fagrass-green to efiteaid-xreer color

A.

li.is

nun

l-

-sided

I

Hue pyrope

nnk! almnadine mined in Bohemia, rmrl

fa

in fnit ijiianlitls^ in Atizatjjj

Zircon, Hnlliant

Zitam

fa* brilliance

r nliosiM&p

U

ilkmoitri.

famman

piitptrh

found Jlrcsmc

fa

and New

in

a variety of

approach^ Out of the I

a silicate uf tirwnium* the of flu nimrnb of this sMnnnvhjU i-

1

-

1

T

•

i

i

m

i liitufa

I

.

din h muds/'

About 20

zlrciudc bi iran h*

ii|ijn

many beau

1

1

fill

un iht mnrfctL

t

.'if

I

dm

X-it-

wi n ir illblue zin nn> nf previously kiii iwn as a rare otilnr variety of enstirouded Con « [do Table Jr 4 dm. ibfa m; a appearance until Et rltvolojrid ihat the '

vl-i v

jufa litn

5

Tine

rofnt rt-Lilied from

foEiml in

\nnaiti,.

1

1

eT

I'lirmf

neatmsf

Mil

airctm^

Imkicliiiia.

p^bbiea lire placed in a crucihile In a flmflar nnri hi ah-d over ckiftivd p-Vivl-^, manner, ruiiuy of Lhe zircon pebbtev on Is

The

tine

I

,itirl

Bath tteff mb'rlew have lieconw poputer

into colorless ^enis.

rhr:

in the ptrtn sr.iilt

rare vitriury Hn n ciilnr fhc principal \

zircon

(if

^i

fine apple-

i j L

tltiTiflm, l"l"i

nn

where

stream

ir

r*f

min^l

a_’

gem

ufrenu

fe

tolkd cry^pife

Many

sinnee lire Jil^o Pine stones, are found with

l^rLs,

b>utkl in rfy!i;in <

sapphire

satirise i?

cuttable dysliil minerai fissures of tiw Alps, A liriui huuid Id the old a

OcPisicMially iti

lhr(*

Few uond

mine5 near Brrw^ti-r, New York. The Few 3 Ernies that appear uptm fat nmrkct art> qUh:fe!y mappoil up by cnEUH)i^r^ A sypthcifc matmal T named iltnnin. esceed^ even ifiv sfiheoe b hritUmice. A hirpc prnduciloii -nil market axi’ anticipated F^ir Ibis new miunbet of thv family nf synthetic Turquoise fa "Turkey stone.' the blue gem that ffL’adied Eiirope from lhe FVrhfin mine^ ft is one of the ftw importhniugh Turkey if-in

i

$mm

r

.

ffffmuttoi livut ant] pnr^ sure were dot invoKtrl, for if fa furmeij by the

tant

in

whose

medium

of wmeut pern

Qurec^biid,

ihnwtgh

ilftiiug

near the surface d" the curlh Chumtdally, Jl fa n phrjfflpluie of copper and ahimimini. Like juite and amher, it had a special inierSotnd of thr earliest luirt ?! for duly rnk^, r|uoise mining was on !«: Situd b'daiuMilg-, :md u-i-n for milieu Ei Lum^. Persia an ktlpOP a hi Siurte of the finest quality mnieriab 1

l

!

I

Tiuquube was nn active commodity America aI^j prijeed An undent as we II as CerrilldjE,

T'ersia

it

Jt

in

the

The

nfanrigiiws of

highly prcswnt

[page 7 $5) scni rrc f'. near

New Mrxko, furnishes

the

finest

qmaliry* of

Gneeniih-bTue stunes are

rhlMti'^e.gg iilue.

n in-

\Vheb traversed by delicate vdtilut.- of brow n nr black h fa culled ^spider-web twSfexteo, AtfaniuL, and Nevada qnos^.' fcrii.ir.

"

,

tttie

the principal fdorifei In lhe irnfiorj Soiii

Rock

1

kinsformi-il

^Miri:e fnr this pn:* t"ii-

marki-t- nF *-arly Ei^jh.

ago

ytart:

i

m r^puar

li1

[rM'kh

rare dtmtaiL Natural colors van’ from dark hurry red, through brown, golden miMi£ to yellow, Saudi colorless stone* found near 1 ar^ called in 'ey tup* Mataia } ll 'i

-

rimple:

Popular

jiihI

7^5) comes

(pajit-

dear

fate,

produce?

India

most

edited

crystals.,

ry s tufa su fiirirn ly

gem use arc

flawless for

mineral, usually

-i

t

j

There

yfrfafa liwt

c:

i

SpeiLsartite, a mafijEanesr .iliiraimun silicate,

in

<

111

fnrm mubjllo

i

.

very rare sphune ]>a^r 7TO is o ytlfcai^ of tiLuijum ;jn d old uni, i:s kmmn cully as ha n lie. Jls color ranuea From a fine fa quite Cftruiry yellow in pt'n .uid btniifri, and therefurir feile lulled tn littjf -u-nes. but can tk’ used effectively in hcddict^ ten limochea. El owes its merit in Ii< extreme brill iaflei and Lt ishovis j tire ^urpoMing that of the diawu mi), A p Ti n-f ly u sj iltem- sho ws numen L fljlshrs of red uml blue fighl-, ipprimcbiiig: an opal fn the inlendty of its" o ilors, i

:

whiiii in gt*m A |iti j>3 ocli ^r«l

Magazine

'graphic 'J'he

ite,

aluminum

I

1

fjunrlz

fa

Cry^t-il

iFw;

rni^t

in

-.

D«fn*nd

common

nf rnlnerals;

Evcryoiw fa brniHlar with il En the form of sand, Chemiculty it fa pure sltka. XVhen

mitallud

forms six-sided prisms termiuated by a three- ur .^,ix-siLied piTiLmh!. Whi n it

the:^“ cTysbiJs arc roi.

k

clear,

ihey are

known

pw

cryjtPtL

Clear a ad flawless

ri'c

k tTy^tal

fa

in grrat

dctiuuad for cnniniercial pciryioses. for Ft has u petulfar hul very useful characteristic, li fa

.

1

1

J

Kupl.nnng the World of

f

n:n is

ririnHif

r.

Amber'# .H'ftaliELtiir

Dt

JrixcvL PctHttief M-ii>

mulwr h uLtLuUj

MillLCrfifi

maicriiL the fusHlLirii tend ui ' n-rmufj^'i B-nllir part* nf artmiiU

pzBserve^ Icavcii tiowsrf. fail hen, Jimtfim. ntirf iVmld ’ iJJtifatfr, SMilTki Wiuii tiLJjrt ^ppo$iij| aihn it ul’ 1

pnssd^

under

are controlled

ruck crystal,

is,

.\l!

produmc ek^bridty

ti

itttfiv

tr*mtrtifcO'-H

wares

by wafer-thin plates cut fmm Tins peers! Ear phjiqwty make* it

many

uflwr types of apparatus Cut ami pmlkJbisd info fuLCted gems, rock the familiar rJsiiwstdtie; One crystal of the wribkmiwn ua* of rock aystete is os polished spheres For sTysial (£H^aj£, J-Lsed hi useful fur

am

Irnt

tciaLtt

it™*

mum-

Swrorttotits

jur-iiui*

m

•

•

51 UK

fci-e

—mw

cun Old

Lin urcatiii

li

p?efj wl nctrid

nF ^

only in color Is the purple ameihysl (page A yellow variety h tidied citrine, SOQj* injiiz. crtiirii^iujfl} Since naiiirnl til fine h rare, ihe commercial product is uh tjiiti rd Lv ?n inky- gray or brown heal inj? amethyst. rock ry stills are knuwn tts tiUtej^pni stain?. i

Quarts jEhi ul l ujs abilftrlanljy in -l missive ry finr-^r^iiKS'l, bcilihL't ) #f.aJLiZf-i1 form* pure vHrk'iEc- nf rich cuk»!s nw incUuh'sE under 'Nil* Empurltit!5 UsU-dly lb t term "hisp^r. firm of iron .idii red, yellow, crein, bide, or viirftJfci.Hfy mnttbsl fiat terns t" ibt! j

W

1

"

(pupp 792

fJEvinjlEoti

U

f

he in of divinationj itsfmj a polished surbecame popular during lin- \ fiddle Vp'S* V'l"jiLLL d jjazimz into a crystal ball or similar polished surface wlU deaden nr temporarily ]

j

I

patihv.t

i

hi? fjjirb

nmt

Hit-

crystals

se?m

t»

A

m.Liii, is

tilts,

jrrcfn vurf^i v

k rnSie-d

speckled with 5m:dJ

plii>mii;

rr^l

when is

it

bli.uni^U’jne.

a mi^ft nmintt before ibt fn This condition an immii-

Jjidprr rtsay Ijc foond in .my part mE (be Muunlaiii* iiu^ntr ivas liSdl t *.world I ra 1

naiivr prnon m.iy perceive visions Ant'inp (he ruck -tryst ll] spheres

kirS^tiPue ciiTvingi uf many of the masicr artists nf Etiropt A form £]f f|uarU sriieimmitiaie between hLiUrdnuy. It k Jfisper and nxk cry^t.il enl body, maisJ rryrtilKne-, with a Wiy nml Es Ik-;-e J-.nu.wn in its bandt'd lurrti^ agutc

lu

disti{

P

i

[vdr

ifliu

eyes.

fflST'S

iAntak

were popular as symbols nf purity dwellinj;

The

pirn,

fur the 'ianiih

i

iind

as a

utils.

(wljeyed That rork crystal L ,.|l;I,i: by ex! Perth- cold. C(jfigi-aier] Pliny stated that it ls fenmd
1

1

i;

i

i

3

atid

See

fn

i

tu \

rtufhitiE else.

If

received

Greek vo mi kr ysi all os V form uf quartz differ ics^ from 1

h*

‘

Els

name

t lenr ice

r

nk

1

tensivi-ly in

l

'

j

r

.

i

or otiys* A reridi-b-Lrown

LI

i

fnrm of chalcedony

vark-iy h callt^l camctiBn, art opiH^hrim sard and its. lxuidedH^nj ^ fonn. sardonyx, jl Vi hen colored apple Ejecn by nickel ii

1

i

crystal

is

p

3

L

.

1

National Geographic Nhga/inc

1 lie

Out

Mu^nt#

Plural nmii.

Chakednny with

chrysqprftse.

moss

ings Simula tiiiij

797 BfftfJl

Comic*

FtifiUdijc

:L

dilute, aiul

mrariilu:

irt-

w!lh mark-

llnii

landscapes. Istudse ipe

the rn

1

producer of wrtl j* ritrme.

uupnrlafil

1^1

md

^

amethrai, ii aaaie. Because <*f the tremendous fni rr.L tile lapulary art as. an jrnnK-ur hobby, ihc yield >! jasper anui chalcedony Is now ihfc mct&l evui j:irc*«"Iut.'1 inn in he United iisifMtrt 1.UL Stale, radii cnrstal,

.

l

Amher Xnt Amber

bm

Is T strictly

the fcisilizea

a

True Mbrrvt

speak ng, 3

gum

wt

•

tniru.fi]*

1

Hi'kns.

who

riled

by

lightning*

copiously add were turned in \u plar ticei, which instead of Hears §htd drops of amber. PtLieilvuii Wrts buried \m the :-h re. and .m irn[>!rcuil ^surce ol amber has been the nmsieS washed up hy the ivnvra.of tlif Bailie Sea it

j

The ancitru

search for amber stimulated exL-jdlimr fur new roads and trade di ir.i in routes across die then known world to die i

i,

r

al uminum oxide.

I

1

h3s

Monument Jfffjtiori! Ufa

wtoU

t' f

oickelfl,

uwri Dr'ia/;. hnEtf*rflse>,

hfitrbir^

K

is

produced

in

muth=-,

ioa^fWi

parts of an in* usually cnniplele picture of milli* ms of 4vitfirr ago, Ev at hers. Hi id

Amber

Ibum m

FntntiF

1

I

Ambrr-i'ntoml'wid

1

I

iram

Frequently umber contain* plant and animal r L-niafiii. leaves and Rowers, and msec is hi have lioesi nought hi he viscous *um as it runted from the tr
of ilu young prince Phjiiilhon. favorite child of wr

[
uwJ <4

iBtttan-n *ff thn-

u

Bride sheffes, 'I'lie- Fboenician amber imin: hunts approadted it by st-a* Later the Burmins transported it overhaul to Vtoice or

*

-lrn u' id

m

j
distant

of extinct c-miferuLis

.

I hi.-

iEic>

vr-'Ul

km- id

which through rnTtlhfis of years uf Ijuriiil hu§ taken un n mmemMike durability. The am if ni (aeeti Wjppgpiaserl its organic origin* According lo ihHr the isttrs |:reas t

As Jrwrtn

Marseille.

1

i.n

Synthotle Snp^iiiPU; Rlvniiwji Nmurc’s

anti wait- us* is inrfu.it ry fpnds?c 736). Tbii J&jttfbd, ihtrMlii*-OJi¥V«l nijeftuwi-

•

diiijaiis h-

MUMr-F.

d

n!

dss

give

tife tn

worms,.,

lis:

I

ilies h

an un-

bt forests

Hu mo and

is

much

hinu hul the principal son ire L> si LI The sen yields i hi" Baltic Ui4&i of (iermanv. pain hie? part.i-culiuly nftiT storms have lorn mssseit of seaweed the riullb# itsaa t carrying amber ^viih il hr shore. Since the amber ivits ur^injilly ctmfaEned In the under lying rtHikSj formal mfriing wilh v\iivjs miuhl nery iin rl washing plants bus Earn introdLiCCidu^rd

rn

t

4

i

I

1

1

i

i

u!

t

I

,

I

F

,

Europe Map First National Geographic Series

Large-scale Western

O ENEMY h unless be

likely

overcome W e^tertt Eu-

to

first

mpe* which

the attsitepc pivot

is i+viU

of the world

Wbni

iiftHrt

(

wrote

lev

birx

1

itf llir

;eE

w^Ls

1

N Army * Omar

Bind_

few weeks n^n

i

Na>

F

Smiety mnp miters "•* just completing three months work on rndster d ruffing* Sir A new Iiitgc-:$c*dr map of Western Emnp«i tiernn!

frt

hniflr.'ijiHii

J

uffi

Tiihdg^phic presses

'

95G 0

out wall

lt

a

map

w

now

turned

hriA'e

copies nf this kirce ten-ttilflf distribution to members of Tin 1

U jr

^ocieu thrnuflbMui tbc world hip Itecertiber Turnd-cr nl ln Vs uGHAHHTC ilACUaiKE, i

m a supplement I

Mr

National

|

"Today hut Etafojieu n-

frontiers tie

cooinmn with

in

tlir hffirl iif Ettfupifp

izi

'

iittfd

'•

JijffU

of

Chiefs*

Slaff,

in

>ame

the

historic

ami mir military policy stated further, "ndl fur lie de«

11

policy

In 1930, fense of IVe-ietti Europe- fmm thv Stan, nut fur a liberation of m\r friends after thtfy have /' men overrun 1

in

i

,

1

Emm

and

i

toirris 10

-in

modem

1

1

J

its

ii

zones,

hi

Itv

strategic import on ce Ln ihr

Threwimp

;tj*e

of air-

Them before tbe plauf fWm off it nmi on hi nruithvr Thv Wt^bifu Eumpp.' map covert ah urea abbut 1,100 by M-DG 1

miles in

Ein oven die 1

ota

1[

i

the firhi of three printing a stale thul pt mills showing L*;

Planned

mallet

fnr

lat#

is-

vw map of Eiihuth Europe whkh wUl cover the Ralkkn rDiuitri« t and Northern he lirope which wJll map Scatidfiiavltt art? sues are u

is

,1

I

l

of the Bull U\ Katji of the future Europe sheets will extend well Into Russia. timpjnim tin- holler area sn hdKi.es. hurtwren the Soviet Union Lind for quirk location os h- thuus m* - nf place aamfii, The Society will Istie Lin iiirkv in each map. Ihe Mdex tii the Jk&SS ruin' es -in thn new map nf Western Kurnpe wifi soon lie ttitJToiM

ii

r

yen! iddr,* \[\

there

ns

welE-pupubted areas, the iww mnp n Wiistn rn Europe .iverimes from four to six in an b> utr's uuinmofiiSe he inch Offrn ea to drive of id m plii lurty inllea, br us^r uid find ilmt along ht£ roulc an average funr to half a dnp;im Of rnnrc phicea ate [Ocatrrl .nnl namerl Ixs

i

s

Gu?Jv for Fb^riiuv

Iilval

in

Eurpjpi;

rp-tndate conipilutlun of railways, ruads, uirj.H irls lljlcI wciti-rWuLv- makes this- ijiap iiJi'j.1 of

ihoosarids of iravflefa who now vt-^t n^iern Eun.ipe mu h year, in 1^49 these pilgrims hum the United Slate* alone numbered £0^,429, rumpiared in t iS.-b? For lOaG ihr in u typkal prewar yen r. J9J7. fur

hiibdrftils

list

i

ruujiing hluber

stilt.

Dollar-shy couii tries are glnd of ilielr paesta. tn England the from \isltofs Is ^r^ubit fn chiui l?uU from the 3uige texliie mduslry. Fram e rluring the tmirfel ^a ; nn thfe incctmi auiMinls to "hsiiFt 4 mriSlun tloflats a iSisy.

meow

far Senndinnvi;i,

llaly. Greece,,

and

—

Turkey rn ht ftuzluded in later map.^ li» ufl-j shuwn In dudes nuj&l i^i Europe wherr wtd"iim irayrfpre from t in- Uesr art tim j

L

,

liarr^.Tl

li>

rtglmefi.

*

north to i.ibts^iw ;snd Edinburjih, ibe 29-by-37 inch lu l in sales nil in Ireland Portugsil, Spain, 11 SwitorlEtml. imd the Benelux roiintrirs' Relgtum, the Netherlands, ami Lljv-:ji mjri; .Eastward k extends to luiea^y, divided lb"! r oid buii-ninaiiLrd C3fit!chc*sh>vnkla. Dcirmark soiilh of Cbptoh^eti^ ;l nd Italy we&i of ISoWna arc induded. The jutting peninsula mapped as Western Ei]rii|ie lFjgeuier with ihr Briilsh Wi*.^ mi j — ufl-^ mix iLiout 747,000 square oieU - yet slii.^slciteglc pivot of the world' h- ihe imme nf 13c -=irh -

I'V-ino: rnirj (jtt&t

BriLiiin

.

;

.-

i;

I

j

.

i

maps are

liring

drawn ml the same

sn fh;il the 4hm* may pnjjfauinn ami be fhb'd (uj* other t" m^V. r u htru^. K^tiEled mnp of Ell'ii ic about foil r ami a h Ii reel wide aruT more than live feel high. WTlh Hi least place Ttarnes, It win give r he most t\eisillrrl I'Eivemge of Eufii[v ever pruvidefl by the S tiinnal (^wignaphTi- ^orieiy.

losm

e.vle

Esitpl

Cnvir Ml lucr^n^

Scftes to

The new map all

I

EiMiure^ bflnw

1

and radio.

plamfi?

li

-

Jlguiec art

aiq.iL.irts

Wi^turn Europe map shows our li-itmhjp in history awl culture with ihN uM ljuJ populous purl of ihe world. occur eii

sttlM

dUMU

,

P

Olu fore^n

ii

r

>«' li-

declacuUi'iit

,

Tb4S SCflk i>f 1:2^00,000, or 3Q 46 mils in maps Ihe lptIi Wfli f« ttefte because is fa small emjttgh permit idmwirtg iw t'xtensrivr urea on each sherl and yrl Iriu, EtUougb lo ibciiide most import [ml pNts, Even in higJL-speed tnixlem airplanes, triiv er> caji $cim ilieir tuup m\d mcogntze many

Bradley, Quirniai! pt the tin! led ^uues

t?inl

New

in

1

*

imp I

I

Huy wbtaFo aiddflicRaJ ewi||tcf. cjI [hr nrw Wcalcm turap? find «-i ulJ ElimrlnriE map-

VErtnlnT* nl

iLihiliilsrU

ii;

LL'ouijnhii:

Tlir* Su- irlyl

Snd.il>

niird ^1:Ocn rl iiti iiiMin Iodci, I

.

hy

wriiini* Id IIk

tVa^hEaptwJL

=i p--

l

-mn

jIi

d-

in

V

S

P i-U*i*m, rh nn paper

i> r-.i

FoatrO

75c nh pm-pr n ; Itlfutl n-itLltliUf tn iixh

6,

>l’m‘

fJntjjflr

;

N diQbai

r

<

Sill

to

lltirl

liflctu IruU'A. SCNf.

(lllsiS-

?n>lfi«h

Jn -t

F^i»-

At!

ptrpifd

1

Hie

si2

t

P

1

.

Majpi/.ilW

f£>||rELpIlk

map

he

si>me fifty majcir

225,000.000 people many ut tv hi mi have ndn* fivcfi scattered From rinaiki to I'jMgnniji, Zealand. ffrim EU'rmudii io VLisiraLid anil

induct Hn I projflciA assisted b> E‘b \. j art l hirSlv de^orwl to ih«. profloCtJaa

Though only

materlflls such

\m

abuts

limes

fhre^

l

the rfae

i.

l

4 I titnc*? reras ^'^em KurojTe- wniftiris at many InhabitanlH. F rtint this ubiwi^rallvdy small area fe*BW many of the explorers, peoples, institutions, ideas, ami skilly that IwiiJl up in \utm|* and 1

whn

be Americas

1

ii

ive

f

Itfttittf

M

Western Cit:-

of Eurnpr lbs pivotal many., which uke In the present vt'tti urv hiis -m tdnnly .lUinTril }ts riekhli-TS and lYrkr bid shf

Hf .vi r

!

i

I

nveriiiFmc

etil

taumniphin world w4rs T

in

1

ihows it ttfdfeftfl into zones of oCVUpa.Western runes are market! by the Shir?’ ri on, and Stripe^ Union Jack, ami Tricolor^ iht

The

iii.tj.i

eastern /mu- bv Soviet R ii.st-r.i "s red flag. As the split between East and West ha* yrtdrnetl.

duaen. nations

i

UeimMrk. Frmiiv.

— BeUium,

Ireland.

It illy,

Cnuudm

UreniiliniMg*

Norway, i'ortugiiL tin Nether landd KlilgdttrtU nod the llnlttt! Status Tuvy til cDmiiMiml themselves In rc^fd any new ng* ^R'SWHl. Bln-

—

Thmiv

signed in Washington uri. April 4_ (9.19. these 12 imdOftf determined tu safeguard iui rm shat they flff Mil- freedom* common hmtusr and riv-iSla-dion N.irlh Atlantic

lur thtr

i.,

I

of

Eiri;i

I

lie

md

stod

I'ht-s-

basic

pw*h

other mim-ral

and oil refinery ct|idpthey cover a wide miig^ uf niher

rlcvlrkal riuTfy,

ni-| s ii.f'ij|

hilt

,

iinIiins rii.^r

Two

produce itrcptomycin ^rr

tn

plants built

beiriE

Tnime.

its

h

Fortiipl

on a large pulp and

zi^si^tEiiuie

t'ctlfiur

in

ijafier mill,

in tJi^ tT A is ijsd Mt-t /ujiler Zee] redirniaH-in project, lyhich fa pLinncd (u recover S^LLQOD hYtiWi c and Imly from the sea {page 749) ECA doTlwri .in- gluing rt-w air li&enL plants snch as ijmsc gutwft Frmo steel

\eiherLand5.

the

nation In

To the

and

fla-yanpe

f

1

my

jobs,

fideniie a

K'i kei

H

Flan means for I’uropeans

biill

I

rciillkkfu -1

ttf

:int\

m Wali^,

Fnrt Tulbot

The

L- irraine,

Khiiti^r, hi

i

ii.

«

I

and urity thai

.

i^i

«t'

-;

lecllng

tint

w

i

h

I

1 1

i*tto

un lions (hemsdvrs ^ re Exampfes uf •niunoN p md nnitintr for the suth cocypuratlon imlude she Council of Eumeeting it rcipe-jp. with

Wrsbtn

EitTQE'pean •

the SihEne, and ififtire recently for pool sn^ u •A ,in« tin F re nch Schu m;j n 'L 5ted with (jermanyStmsl-ioiii'g invir

1

1

i

1

1

1

i

of

people^

iJifir

tl^maomy. individual law/' They declare one of thffli, \urth \viiE

1

tIl

li

and

porn all

and the

liberty th:ii

an attack on any

be ton Mi left

a, will

will

In-

l-v

u,

a wh f

i

i

ikhtijm

l

wa r -*h

B

:j

i

waj nut

iis

Eumpe

War

1

1

an attack

reslfied jointly.

t

We sc em E ur

ted

ef

r

ipe

wreck-

of mil frightful 1

with Mir aid

ihv Faired States under the Etcabtimte Cooper &-

age

lioti

dudl

World

nf

Ai

of

i

L£«$B

r

T1

heltiT

krmwn

O-S

if

1

]h

vl^li

[ib

.

tif

the

Mar*

1

with Froit«

new pnitisfintfll 1^47 thin p-uni r«wil-minSng the

voted Kivcrwhrlmhitib 5 eparate itself from Cirfiiumy ami Cn join The Saar in miruimls: untun with France, Stale fa iin.lL pendent in firttOTfcl afftiirs tmt defjcntbupiiii France for [iTOleCtifin and hftflttlllHE

and

ituldstrftd

iIj^m

iTi

m

of foreign

i

rUiil* >u:-

a few Thu Smr * new ^TiJiitlimiigifs in Germany - wr- tern borders flfr HibifnJC [

(o cofUkrnaiiun by a peace treaty witli

irnisnuy

rill

,

in the Murshflll Hfttu

imwriticn ivmre thin

fivi:

refits

after the war.

BuuTidurj'

I'lan.

At Mu halfway point

niiin

I

map show?

T|ie i

[ii

1

\ K iIUc^tl^s

Travct-crs See Ite^uitS nf Jtf \]

n|

rule of

their ptisficsfltans, In

oe

r

on Mir principles

frifUtided

NmV

Suiir

pereqitlble

chanj^ sti.s.niall ttey are Tiu.relTy nre rutld tiHl Tu the new border \>ilierltmds+

the

on \\ r T 19S6 ? Gen. George LA Marshall, author of Mi* Filin, split "a nmr miracle' had freeh acccjmplished, Sttt, He ridded. "We must wirk fur. and expect atKither mirurte/

In'iwceLi

TmvtfHrwj .iIiuum anywhere with in itu- limlt:of this mapv except in Spain which is wot n for Enft^ppati titentbr of be Organ nomji: tj^petmlon^ the Aiuerican ridujf set's m:inv Esidenccs ni ECA ts^atanoe, Truducp ln-sjuvik ijyr fEiraiv*- liirI healthy livesLn- k

anomalies wtikh bH-Ve pbigtltd trims(Mir Li n lines,, waier cnotml, ami cii-tinw^ mOther ml nor ihLir^c- in tla rortcrmmt, border & of F'tance, Belgium, and Ebsunihinitg with Cjermrtiij 4 cl- bcor[wirai£d in the new

i

I

(

1

1

I

i

fertQlsef^ steed? iidvicu

frum

flu' Cnilffli

three

U'e-teni

.nutidd femt,

Fun

tlnxes

pc’? soil. i

State--

the

nm\ technicsl

Some

fiOQpOOO

1945 oumlicr,

till

me

T in rt

L

f 1

)

ing about 25 ut Ti *200 '-

aund

PL'rn'jitny

of these minot currev lions, .

square mii^ with 1

t

<

It.uis^r -

*i

r"i:il-

pofSIihiT a> »ti

Ktralalaten uirt certain

LiiprcS^T e

i-

1

Euhi[k fuap. In tbr words of Ju Ku^lj-H Copier, whi'« ilfcd u a'nuiry iind

\\ estdjti

WOttnm

i

WIije U

ii,

bur

i

map

oi

F*. Slui'lULsliorLt, irtd it^

busy

m

h>s If

life

esst LqnttlnS?

;tj^i

1

»

J. //

Lakes

for the Great

Postman

Ifcstcott,

7

g

r

Bv Cy La Tulr If

N THE

hh

tfluJlrdifaM fttim Ph&ttiijrnphs hy

black of night, the

cruiser

llttlt*

r

) m H Wrxiwtt headed for mickln-aiii in the Dei mil River* Her big: Dlwel engines droned at full thrnliU to make headway thrniigh a heavy rii"p and gale* A iQ-nwb?* im-lmur wind had whipped the usually calhS

I

.

privately a maritie

J..

on

iluas

its

When .15

and is through every 24 krar*

strictly ttmtlne piiitL April to.

of every

I

hir

WbE-ln

Gum

E

powiff

line

thi-fn

iheir “fkiaiinii p«r-t

iithce

l t i

short

vrfy

1

nth

staled 5chEdliJe

Yi

fCe to

S(i rjn

Ik-

or

ken

iti

inkEtii^

nf ihe

imeedn-

gisfiil

tliis

\riifrkiui

irum.ige

registry' alone,

ks hflfttllnd

combined

AcliEally.

by these carriers than

turmage that r«ts«s the Faiuima and Sue^ '^nds. total

>

the ^ght-mnnlh period whtn thi' r 1 River L-q ice-free mid open to ship?, the IFr^N-ri/f maki-s .^.mr 22,000 mail ri id ivories. id mail, In 1947, ii h imdL-d U|4 lQ5 IlsirEtiu

1

i

1

r

packages s

nut nidy letters but parcel pus*

Well fur

DetniH postal such marine mall

llel

S'

i

s*?cret*

to

Vrfpd

tbrnrtiph

L^

r

struct Tons

i

the

lnnrfthte families the JO-fucit

i

such

]

mure

perhaps the most important boat anywhere in the world 1 It ss more vi tally important to Ehipowoi/it Fur them the Lfo i trntt and ship rapmlns, relay k confoittitial irklortnaSion und "I'dci - Ga tdeuranh jml mall. Cargoes tmtl teat Hist Ws are frequently fnr trie Great Lakes VVliipi

1

shiyis fo

on whose wtiite cabin roqf mean- ;i he Wnrds, *T. S. Mat)

To

ci iirtpa r:

l

'

1

a

Imtotry in our NMEmTs inny. In 1^4^ some t5* niTlIfon ton? "f imn fitcrtlfi ih.ufife, grakip ctieiI, and Itnuslnne mu niHlimi harrek of oil were transported in

cruiser!

appear Jht.

ilielr

Vital FntJlqr

d

Statistics give ;in

ply the Great f-ikrd uftim Imve no contact with the outside world for To these thousand? several weeks at n iim t

mm and

ih

porlancE of

u

tm.

it

speed to wad for maiE delivery. thousands of dollars mi %ht be lost,

Crewmen whn

iif

i

cviti sis*

day from

:vt

as

freighter laden with Vfiliiiible latgu Tu

If n

omrsi

-

Wurld"

m many

iti ftfttchrs

r

the river

titrough

SJtil

many

,

mirl-f if rniber.

"Tint o| the

a Fiackfog nf as

oper ali- ns season time fs the ytfa3i factor in the highly cumpeilike Great Laltes shipping kjdusuy.

Inker" was

many

llVtfi

W

1

#l

happm.^

Topic

r

the repealed

ihte

fteigbtor? will

lt\

The

for shore.

The contact we made with

virtLialiy imj^rrssiblt* for

i--

ci iitr^-v

hnuctled mcim-l the fjinl EighL Hr lowered ,l maQ bucket, which skittered d owp over the mid swum? inly the cabin sdde of the Freight In a mat ter of SiiM-mU hr of the mal bunt IrdJfCflM (iinira Id

ic

ship- are forced to dmp anchor wait for h to Eft before cofstinuing on ihflr

.md

b%

(.he

si

many

area,

We

ahead

pkkbtg up

<

1

mm

f

the rmfO lwnt to "UlACt all sMjji passing through the l>i-ir.Hi Rivrr l'rnm ei flier I-ftke Hui.nn m' La Fi<- Erie When Shrek ing sc* ties i»vcr iht*

ITfeh above the water, the ship's liyhLs 1 Linked through the darkness as we rubbed n tn! in
freighter pi u

..

Si imf-simi-s

black bull,

The

iart^l,

c<

runt sure delivery id their orders.

B

again.

-i irvh.

telephone call and racing to gUI lu port first, Sri GreaE Lakes ship npcf&tors have comr Em rlqicfnd largely \m Lbe tiny Wa-iroLl fur safe

I

up

1

Without the nest mad. shipping wi mill Fie

bility of a tnmpi.'liiivr freighter

'

Standing beside IV in May, a v+ iuran river* man. Bit the wbed cif the sturdy midi liOSh I suddenly flicked up be long, dark linrr fit a -iiip The forming freighter slid, through the water, a whit".-- wave cihrlmg back, along hei

ii

whh

P

11

mutt.

hniihrrl

Fii’r

l

„

way

t

on Dtlril's

t

nb3y hitodkappud Written orders have preference over >Fii; to -short* tdfphiitVa which can ausr m\b h tnlsundc tStandbiA iu4 delay when receptf" Es bad* Then \m tber^ h always the possi-

td Teni'livviniSi wiih it Gnsd Her missfoilj to deliver the f tighter * hi


Wtfsfoolt

itiTULy,

ser h

ho;p plowed ahead burying her nose into big wmves that stint the tnurky w&ier She spilling pvtz the bow sad windshield w:i-

,

,

this

W

j

re] inning

nnd delivcrKf

river into a vie rind inland sea-

The smaJI

wneef

Slc h rnessa^es are sealed In envd'jpe-

Street,

1

Jtiihtfr

tlu*

th^ a&B. an nWner wires inone nf his ships ihrou^h Ehe

ic

abnul the born,. Capi-

like to reaiLn isc

wm

rain-iveEv 3

tht unique

Julm

Wesieolt, for whom the preKnl i> naaned, ihe yruingert captafo vn lb4iki‘ when he retired lh ycari

the

Ml

Hwinen

22

w?iy Ihift*

If?

nut

Kisne

1

Ward *?

inuil sscrvlce

:

i

i

Si ]

1

The NmehshiU

i

work nut an Lakes stlipfiki^ money*

wanted r

( i

1

’li l

jhjeik

1

He

(a

Ij>

to tried

L’atjo

men

MM,

35 cents per

feir

olrt

they were lowed past

He- delivered

tugs,

thug In hfmsoJi

make

to tfiru

ukiiil

Then he

-

started

WesEcnti built reporting: agency.

1

Early

lip

Oriidiinll y

own mar inf

bis

pm way

irntury* lu# barges

in tils

From mk-u on to iEram-pri’spellcri vessels* various small ptmc r craft nmcrl the Pet r. ill River m-iH !ii al~ High operating costs UA to Twli years n attempt to al-multm the- inaO ( In vcrji m li nm But shipsK’fs prtatested get vigorously in

h

i

fc

mm

1

!

tL Then li ctl-w uu'iuher un the lurct-r ship lowers a ladder^ rhe pas^gcr grabs it und hoi^^ Eiisiiaelf uhaard ai the mail hnat mrn^ around ami hemi- tu shore. A fv« times the b had to firfi a p^enccr wbii +l out nf he water, pifeetl th* Iwi^t ThisH+ day ^ crew nuinber? oFlrii get notice '

to

report

Army physkal

for

The Wvtfc&tt

the prospective drat tee to sk.imv that He b Elreport for tut vxunnMijiJhiu, in*: notifies the tlrtifl bnattf ih his honw tpwn Em h, imI h |g papers lu-rifiir. \V7ien (Ms is iffme, the ctewpiijui IrjWEiT^ MmielK hi the deck 61 the ffl thv nrs( rimv hi= sjiip |^tss4-.< through tin- river

When

ctcwmHn ^ti word

a

j

r.1.1

Ht

Heirntt.

t

Afio.

For n

i

L

il

f

ii

jiMVi-r

ni-vi'

'“i

h-

:

1

M

"

I

si

n '1

handle 13P Wll*

-

j

a

I

IV ir

i

1

.i

l

f

.si,

i

And

ybfrr

the

1

1

1

1

i

1

Wstfiii

r>

iicne

1

— i

r

r

-mim

>tTu

and

it

itnoEJief ut

When

a

3

Eroi^bri

r

ins

t.i

iVtft

.0

nU

ma m Hurom

u li jjany

i

Heir

rea- lies

He

f"V.

i?r

3

1

rtorLh

L^itd

oi"

ih-i

ctf

0 eh- of

p.’^s?7i

Tbilisi;

\t that hue he thr 1 li.wftnnwi’l iiUil^ that 1 h lirirl .l .. Yu v Depzcr Qirr>r fn«i V* S_ mail could tratispnri nothing

tnul

branch rivei

Ju^t K ^itk-

NS>vrral year-- tin- Wrstt'vfi 1

i

!

U

i

hi^ frtijhier \a

Elnii rejoin*

iL-linn',

l;oe'-

year#

i

-

bi/mrd, vij null. lint ul^o cels

from the draft

Ltnker the rn-xl Th £ W £&

1

ejcunifnalkuts.

only ilrliveo the S^itamui

iioS

WasFInj^tpn that private caitipnnfes were invited to bid for T.hr ci riiract. Thi ]ob went tii be firm l upl-ihi Westcutt founded mnny

Mail

1

I

taking orders for small 5 hires and fresh food-, ?Tn wncked lhe clutk iiltniftt)* g^HitJg sleep

between '“tuw^."

w

'

(ltd graphic .Maga?,trw3

and wuuUi ruw

i;n l;l^ ;l-

I

svm

i"

Ir.i

—and

n inubqaE

iu^IiI

diy by

thf

h

r

>

|

iiiipan],'

HSa always

i-rfunned a multitude of k hm us for (.hr lakers. When ihir rtflfcg was tejiuted, lhe Wtsi^Pf "Mail is acagai-U stMteti delivering mail-

crew w-fdbcjt ufEen shmlls

1 fee or supplletiashhrt

hr jj pns&'i 3 be city., Hi mi |!uj ttV.Efi i

i

.-

1

1

-

M

3

i:

1

nii !

an im-

tnis> tlelEvcrina

imm

p-TtLirl nftlcii

niflsji

hr^ncii oSkte lele-

hr matfi office in JJetrpft, an? delivered when tSit> h!

pheines she order to pin-!

The

.

fof tof+

Lin ^rrlvr

b^ nwTier T the lo n ^Hip pin -res nm: uf vUt branch otTnen

I

lualty a sidr line wit It Ue,” siys J, W. Westeldest nirt/prr^nt bend nf the firm

mA

4-f

foimdir; Ong (if the WgsiajM'i nu

$m

imponnni

r-it

ntijer

tbc ntmpany ivfflrv Js a trtrge black Iiouni rkirt which lsst< the kind of coffee iMil on ciu'h ship that pa$£ef fit addition liRiver. through Ehe the brand lume, the board nlio lists the type

&

In

supply

coffee

EiUdkv

wSeUStf *iji or percolator, iihips vjmkt' ioorder coffer, &td the little r

delivery. senjitt: the

company

offer*

kirn

lh

tHitm, pickup nm -They put it off dirty wc have it done up and get it hack^ says Weslootti The l>nat diy-cluanto;

itnd

mokes regular

rine supply

i

ir

l-

D

r(

I

mapaper bn> hy

,iEid

hn:al

for o

duEivifrfeH

m&

Bftroit craws every day. i'l-nliiD

liacciigc

*^rvp# as liri t-w sparere

^Taeh bny

two other

sh^i

i

\n ]

rL^

ik-nj>.

and

the

saricjr^"

Wfjfratt

Sianri Its

fhe cnii^ef even embarks or debark* an i

’if.

i

.i^onnl passen pc r.

3

'vi-n

|

flown

h Is

is

ch nr -

wit h-

sperd Just tl- IIV jP utt lirusbfM V' hr mrill N put abi^ird, aloitgsidt a pii^inp ship and keep?- pace with ii i t

n

n

e

-|je-ci4i!

ami

their nvs n brHiL&

iqjpesfitte

Cltn

deliveries,

estalitlshment wnrki 24 hauvz pui in crewfe uf two men rue

u

tin y

I'tirei

1

]

i

an the iFci/cui*, The office stuffed by ihrfe pqiscps riLirixi u lhe day and nr| Hutiui ^ mi inn hu.> Tbi“ unt at nrchl thfee lEJvn whu work in ihi oSkt ttnd litre on 1' he Inwer river bmoE h. whkti boat duty. upemtts in C^iuiiliun waters employ* throe i-:

p

!

i

^

I

tmurJiuMi-

After mukinc anurlmr pier

jiijii

M ii--i.l.

l

-

riin P

'l'trfiit

wi

1

piJt

SHit

in at the

Piisii

Office

where the n'cjrctf/f y-ab li.mded vrilh mure and bundles of maiL Djjwn wa* cutnlhg Up. The witid hi u lEinl dm n ami [he- (Ever wns calm nuiiin uTEcr churEjinjE all night Jong There havt? been times when the w^nlluTWa? -ii rough thrcoiildn- t brittle throiinb 1

Another

alsn

which

The Westmtl

of arirnL

Ar\

cit

righl-hoLir sbtfts

]|s

services

lii»th

freiifuler ciprfnii

t 3

U*?

1.

*.

I

b

to

i

asHri'i:

frejgjhtttiS,

the

Ilul

little

hiai

usunlly mnki-r it, I recall td lhe iTi^’crrtpl U*n fi" frum the swill i

m

unr E* campfet m wi it r m j\ m m n linked over ihr T1 ? fff# ancl thtVtJght this mulEu coilld well be paraphrased to mcTtldr H fog galest high scftSr am! freeing spray"! Ei

I

f

\t

\

1

'

ui DelruiT * Ru^y D,riSy

the/, iVrii Mil

W\ H> cl

t>M

;l

i

rtimJ hoar

I

ihc Dei

m

p-hr-* CllJ

H^r

iliri

.J

b|J

i

1

1

.

,

k' ivicr^ I

it ij

Mul! on

khner knyir.n: liln

!> rhu

HlJlil

tile

Riiei to a Greeri

j prt H3Wfd tp

seller*, ^lckncir-* l'lil.Ltti.‘h

III

il

ftf.

T.iikes

U

iiLi

rh

1

1

f;

llii

.

il

Ore Gimer

pA'EEnkir Jlfjjr

vttdt,

fry Mi liilTM^

Here

* Marine

FW

i

HUcd Clicks 5on

Pieces RiL-li;i|.'ri

and

3

n MQJtaafe

jtu'fiSt

\Iuif-buiit

Year

pfl?frfvali^kd L:t r„-crj ai thr iVirnir

Ukn

River

CarrtJ?. E^ch toinpsrtfushtnc mc.ul In '2r± tlir naffli.- nf a *hipi tJaL^ niifc, rnnluilU!- motr thnn Jaa Tlwi
SluUuo

*

i

Owner

and mi Kivtr

Filol

Keep

W

it

I

ctTj

EVaElic

Fnw

rawr <« S-b* wir]t| hnditi of Unh-r 1.1 [he I.1l li ni t Rivcf, nnr of ilir* Huni-Krk Hhlppmtf ijiihertiaig tinkj. Each ytwt IN fVpjleetf iiukts taini-J.m of J-*tm Wjml 22(000 mail drfimie-Ibis sjiiamiy“i fa under, brrt clbctki irapmlltUE !

1

j

i

1

i

!

Ilf

Piinhun; ^Urls i=

iiitnaiJiiEy

Uul

minu'ciji.

iheFI

la

i

i

-

j>

md, f3,?50 Tim« ql Musa hi Inin Ore Glide Fa*T rhe Mail B-rmt

1

m

ni- -.

Ihdr lantrhH fpaccd

they Tnr„vcd

pai2t|e-n

to-

iiE

tnpu of BTG,

kadhiE-ptar chul Tht'i

fii.i

w

•

iNljf

•

ihm

houri * tic ncfri id ]lw\M rflamuHHerU u nklhry buosL I

ipd In

J

.

^

^

™mtr

rilpr+l'ontmn#

I

Wilwy KUmte

n

S^haur

i|t=-

paie±L service re^uiiLM

Ihm;

lwt> iSM'fi
trews

iii

Tljf ^i

s

I

|

'

1

I

1

1 -t- ;

1

mutant

i

UlLViLl

.

mil

44Ml

mincimsmi Speed

at

with raparl tv

up

tj I

F-ui

fifititju

month* they

t-Jefal iLf-trcL: lj^iMii

Eftiricri.

j

•

I - f

u

f

nac

i

D 1 b 11 D g £ Eod milla ro o pcn»ic t In re w * b

-.

[|

«f L[.'LI

i:.'

C

.

‘winter.

rlir

Other iiiEeli cra.rr> the Mldweftt * fimln to BaftiJti 1

Cn nuiffn-TT

iimi

Nj

Eruh-,i.}ijj.ia::rii(.

iiLifrt

n

r

AI3 ire

nftdcl^

i

l,:

fc|l*trrn

Eumpn.

dtjes ;imJ

AWtlt

parti

>

low

•

r.^iiir.Lik.n.

SC&dk an rKiKt hi

CiiTrlrK hiuv r ul|

ok#

silrao.it

those Th-.«

Lraitti.

cl Ji'Sii

li

rmd

able

Lit-

i‘tir

1111IH

Like* IhfekC

!

ii

tuptalft unlime tor a h:ur-

ls>

kv ] iriiun'jl lb* ihc |ibv ril a story

ltd-

in

Jffii

Ehwn

ta

moEst \Jxivrtin'

rs

H

jijf, *

j

*

^

j

l jj

j

.

It

Each

nn

batidTj?

tiiJpfjiril ilirli

it

lintel ftrr u -hip IdClEi Hi? trlf^r ntW k:i nan Inin the mult burbot I

1

4l

'

]Tiiul

ii

!

r

A

T*4£kBj|a frnitt

1

fnhic (juch

Up

Lht

Slotted

1

1

ill

[

iitlhdtty Iwivv SHflplkd Gti&t Libta WiaeiCtS willi niurwiry, utefl, o.n.dy, rawigiupirn. Asunu fftiwxuLn lu[\i tiepp l jit kid linhurc. und. irpLilt^mtrsii* pul uti tiganJ. 1(HMh|u.Att

Shut 1£74 Wcifc&U ti'jifc

\,\h,

soilji,

S^m-

in I'limriM?,

Miiw

lifetl

!rtafl

ivm

htiaft

»I

ila

into

&a

Story.

the Othi'E

Tell

ftlLl

Front hluwtl^

Htvtr ivltlroul

-honed Dfltluil

i Stein

iniil

|n

Him

u:r

ul Curriers

ShLp]ijtidi

Uro

Detroit**

:

1

\ SporiUK

Ships

Titii*

lik Giaa*

wilii

WbYttl

s

r

1

n

I*

both end*

at

3

.

i:

h

n

fni

h« Drifpll

1

Rhtr ki-i_*p tfcMcb on lomE— some 2fi,000 pa=.i!J

i ytjj, ThL:

nu

In

sn

liis

.1

r.LLji'.fti''S

an

Eiflii

«irll

\rx

J.r.

natifio SuiMi

for

1

\hl

iIn:

I'll*

hunch uuC

1 !

ij -

«

1

|,if;m tflfSI'tipr,

Ill

In

1

(tJSct,

-uillLil4>

Ijji.

.

ir^>. .rtE*r.

r

m*iLJ It

make

to

IdivT-ry iii

wnt

h

s

t !L LL“

ir

! t

i'Licj j

n

j

I

Grwil Latni nfi^w.

U

k'fflubibfe Inmil IrtiLT

. i

.

i

i

r -*

UryJ

thfw

pi

r-

i.

pjpilri

with

Tuticfcis

stum and

tt,.l]I

r.£rl

It rtf rr*U

ttf&LW' mi'tili

i I

i

fa

ficEh loJ-

fn.

Thr main r ( 1 ji-J'.i -s

churl

frfidh -dlLfVi

Ll r

-r^Rw

Nffne'?

-

i rj h

)

;i

Tm

fjiL wvnhdl*,

L l

I

3

tiw:-i

t

±a

fimrke-

I

Lruciun.

up

*hip-

fipgti,

plhG

>

1

tripibl

?

m VTfes

’

:

*u

ggo ^ l

^ H&bis*

*

rr*4

W rtV--

«* -T.

<

-

-

S-

m4

-

*

frlti

Cfl£fl

*irw

f#,

f; ,

M-Wfi TV* v

f SAvror

Wti ave.

f

rf

'H

f Sff#

rill i ’i:;

J 3 I j

:

Jr

Bf : i

»

:

^ J,

H

Taken

fV*!AFvtitt

On

Gun'll li at

I

ler

v

A

Fr^iijJuLif

\V iiiorW mnt Srnrmn Fi^Jmii

in

CEcvrbiniJ m'Yv psjrrn list ihip nnivaji aoit rSrjiartiuns a± lakcj-Lilr iipluti- Frupl fcUlor v. h in L-j lea ^VehtuiiL cbik* e a Lie uaeh veutfiV afcftvil tbn& il ii

1

1

I-

Hiey have tfil'

k

11 »

1

15.0CJ0

-irtpoe

dllllinu!

1

I

tie UiLvfclEatilJl]

uphJ 1*0G ihipu. Id-

«7mn

brep

(

I;ipc.iirk

Lite

Texas

Si iris 1

E

the Mnfl

Iijils-:-

Nft f«ra=E buttqs* ar bin ill f<» EjIli-i s^f}ipcr*; Ihi'V pirlrf kti-ild* uf bmlturw. Mull ustiidfy- cut*

m

thrrii l'i>iLi±£»

I

u;Nitlt

iliitiilmtiijn

fiTt esllEmt

okMimc

MlkstiirapJ

ftjpunrp."'

RUtr

1-^.1

I

w

|

hr

aficr

tki^tn

piEvitj

tini-ri-

$6

I

iJI

Mait

I

Three

^liiLi’fpc-anc rami

ikinu

Heiamijsj in

uf

i

TTi-j

he tHADy

L

Itoltiek

i

rtji

\|nml

y The (>4!u\ Thuii^ic^ Drift VIHes Atv ii>

^fruw vie with Zane Urey ancS pin-

For

twl *uipiL-ijiC In irfew

u lew

1

UJR,

,

[Mjf'uLu.rbi>

CfllltKt1

twW

is

>hiji|iiti4jC

uE3 d^ritij!

VntulUattA,

r-Lctit rjuiritli

Wi*a

In [mu

duinucbf

l!H J !

-

l

tim-w

men

EuAjiiiR

Mime: inn

u#vei

ei:jvi

m imlujuluig -

4t

|

licit

ship -jur:

P^aioi

fm

n*ii-

Wntfuit

r

S

1

11

v

Caned

Darius

1

History
Oi-.mRCi) h.iLmuri. Lh |ijrtTncn.t nl Niui K.: i

i.

1 * it It

THE

;

r

1

t
it

Iranian mountain^ of D arii rfii- Great carved his Yningloricnis auioh|us:rii^hy alnithsi 2.500 years ago. Thu ilL'Me verne EiL* k h kiiiit nt ,iiii n IVisLi inrsw Iran they extolled in lbr
1

Li-

.it

i

1

i

i i

L

l'

I

Thft meant k cl iff.skle boast l^-came, Iiktt n [la j fir key Eil Rqsclta St line, k-^l a

-«i

I

i

i.

ii

a

|

i

in iimhfHtsriilmg of liuiR-forjEoiiim Imigtmg**

and

of w^dge-shiipcdL scripUi in

this cimt'jfijrnif

whk

they

Si

t

mfnt.

Tnrnietlrtoits

1

.i

-

I

I

-|

4n

j-

1|

Hi

msr knowledge of its w^rdin^ jmtl Urns a ai Eli re id appreciate its risflj^nituile. if 20tJwmtury innb to gain access Hy u Eu the monument, and TP'idcra technique* ut field jrrhi'ol' -ky to obtain a murr sia urntr recurd* I W3LS ablr Eu :.LL'h h-ve u hai hirri hail IniLj® desired: a better, fuller ropy, and hence greater undent is] mg of rhi- "l rjtion nohlu 3

II;

i

I

>

'il

I

I

*

1

1

FL

I

3

l

Jn-i'i- I’.il.tv

I

DMiUf, with h^di

-Ktfip{^

sitin Weir CTFiLm

bn.av

On

hi? h-ead rests tht iVr carved with exquisite carr

arul sfTStl^bl itew. ,

r<^mli3e Ehe gjflld baiuT stirdd^fl with ivnJ Jewels jj^d worn by ihe Great Kin^ hicnsEiJJ page H 5 rD «

i

him npj>ear two oi hi^ ofliiCTS if his bow and limce-. Before

e

hr*

hini

the winded fie.urr id h.. .^kJ \hirru magdit, wbu laught I'Jaruis lo speak the truth and whnjic Udl hand i^rasps tin intt which bvsfoWiI ^iivcreieiLt.v on Enuimrchs (pane S2^i Beneath the stiirni dgbt rival i.smteiirl i

,

1

3

toother their hntuk tied behind their backs; a ninth, the archenemy. lies rrn^trale under the king's left foni hk own knee* and hand^ liftetl In ;ip(tmy. A tenth and suhseqigm fOe was pictured a h\\ yws brer ipaya s. 0 ers

ihKir fka’k* toped

r

t

i

\

,

) m

was inadn^uaEt- for Darius. Hi? also conumindeil ihm the sHey he l r vc*. in Lhrrr of ihr mipire: Old PeTThi' rrlkf alune

OitfloukN GurdVnn E^ido^viiiii

Cliff

|

flutais

irapi* in

i

1

-

b^nn

!u

1

1

(

jUErrtii] its

ihf.Te rtiiuiiner] to nLjr rlrn

w

t

Bchini'l

XrvcriliHr.^, dtqjili- nLLnfcirmus H,-i ure h- iri|| " |»i.l in

VlsUiiii-LU

iuihur

hr

\

<

<•]

1

ere written*

v.

r 7 rit-

i

part of eHp >E"fy Ip by a me^itvt relief cut Info the lirtir^iuni nnnTntam 4Q feci ni.nvi. ifn^ llthI tCC led above the hJ^hm pail oF the mminiaiii in whidi tnan can climb fiacre SJW},

j

'

pi

L

•

A

1

1

In

)ck

<

l

iI^

k<>n

'.mj

Sill

l

1

A ge css R

n

< »

from Photograph

iftus?ralif*TtJ

IJJtFKRJSHAttLE atone

4,000- fm

<1

1

1

;

have found no belter nr muie is project than the las i COoilipfclJiLVLiS pin re for peak "ie a lnngT (mrimv range which skirt [lit l>nrbiM

fulfill

buiftuagt "t the kin^ aitil cmtri inscribed bniealh be relief in four aorl u half rnlumns of closely writlen teats: in Baby‘d.in,

It

1

-i

modem

plain of

I

KrMiuifi-Hwh. \i Mir hurt of (he tmitintfliri ^pHtups bubble up inio a pool of rrysiJibcfe&r water and supply . smaU stream, 1

w'hfdi flinrin hi

.\v,.\\

1

village nl

the

e J li

*

(map

plain

j

Birituti

kijy 8J3*

i

p

l

To hfilv

liirir

lin^ nUt from

and

the aisstunL5 GO

:

s

i

The flusi it

i

and

patrias

brdmie kim;

tenrltfrh «‘h'

\

iJl

1

our day

in

Hit

i

the

522

tn ihr tiuirnr-

be

w.i-

was r

tin-

lefl

uf

sculpltlrrd

i

1

>

1

rt'litT

i

F^ir^nttuii

i?F

lit-

st(i«y

ih.it

wa.-p

Worse by mu the

fold*

si ill

as liLindretl ? of ywin? ml In huigitages spohei in his day were smTeerlfrf by Gther?. men even Inst tin- ability umferstaiid Ehrsr inn^ui^ or lo read the cuneiform srrEpte 1

I

1

I

bey wiw wriMcji. Uni within the iantis'5 lordlv nirmumeni itself kirt tenEunprodded the key by which the rnliile nf rhtv languages and their - rijiK wa*r«d

a jwriegt

sn

with nine mUht con-

i:ixS

to she

M

in Formed

of his rjHut to his

mount rtinside

iui-

Sp mafte^ibk- was Hu: Great King ? handiwurk that even ihr u it i£en_s r:if his eniffiif m^i^i

Behisfuri

B, c. tiiily after

Ie

1

Srnry

not tmearned, for Tk\«

pitcht'd battles

wnrt'i mJizlit

m

r

m

Em

l1

nx k

uf a

i

82fi-827l.

mntllitfiettl tvas

bloody

~.|

htfnc* the ( h rkt r the "Hare of God/' Baga-*r;Li!.L

y-eiirs

oiited it the w]>irh ha* descended Eu

or Bisituci

the

ts_ l-.s

Elamite, ihc Intigun^e thi^ii fyuk&i at Shiah, or Susa (^fht mlm. nf the Biblical book nf Esther), Sumew-hut \nit-r the m r EUmlttf ion Wii - ret optrd to i he Jl-le >

i

ihtiffiiielvtfs

;

f.anel, in

j

iininiiTm n ial

!

1

llie

f

thf refiei, ;mii, id the right nf

!

1

two

Ionian. msiTibt^l

caravans have waartn ir #ea sLs sit h i.^l sp r in H err every ilrmy which has marched from Trun itilo Iriq has camped T for the cm >m.he iiai a fid il^r spring* lie on the ajte-nld caravan trail between ftebalafin (modern Hiiitindiin.L once a center of ilia Mcdes and I'r-n-fans, and fafalerl Babylon. Fruit!

ihi

the

kTin- ^l r

i*(

i

I

so the

hi^ prawt-ss

"Wfe

which

b

The^t^Fy

Liird"

Ahtiratnajda.

dvrs szj

of

rmtit-satTfl

d<-L t

he

when

trav*

wedge- shayied

sl^tls

[piirrmeol turtotig:

F.M-:gan

'*

F

M

B

iy

&J.; j _

nimy

-

Bisvtun VluudfiuAi "PI nue nl

mirehffflg

hnin Iran

Rkfinft tilUp- $\u

itiln

Inq

1

God / Oywii^ks

nli*n2 thL“ EchaLan:i-l L jljyinn 1

«“

-i

i:

ri t-c-r 1

liene.ith

an

kins DstJui

) life-ilf?

\ni'iurif

which

t

:-!

i

ivsni

Ti

ildrtl ihf

KfcjJptiizm bcrc let* diilifll 10 be ilislinpuhcd.

1

nmuMPi) tnilnvlf

hji |>;irihix

5tM

£ ’Jwse

Thh

Dramatic Lint^toTic Bittbodld

thm

ihp Kin^- ,- lf slmtl riuuElfcl Ehiv r-ti_-flr!l and tial id] h ie Ihft jnd may Utcrc ncit be i3e3d Ilk e funnily." Ai if i

1

1

.

it -;

to

In (for

rhi

WirSt] of llis

Advice jHMiiilf*.

Injunr tints,

snutifr imlir AltimtlWtl6 bit the auihcr capird and tmnskted il

m;«$

!

.1

The

Magu/Jnc

MatkrttfaJ

at Bun!

with

lul

more nctKisil jTt? key a nt

jpposiribg on other, moiiumeiit- in uld Tur-

mu

hey Im night buck urjn]i> ot evrti Mmplr^ u( ifaw vriLing:-?" Ed Eiifope, but no hiilti (here oufd read thmu By En/ervni l% un
fc

l j

J

.

.

Si

.

1

11

i

ill

\

p

Fminft

bt* -il

bet

con

1

mmi

Darius's

far it w;t^ Vifciy Persia, particularly ti t 1

wit bin

sri^iii

icjnnjcr tapitnl,

w

Another

Fersqjolis

Bubvw Ionian, Jut kt» script Ltixdy resembled the writing mi monuments (tHiml hi what Is now tbhmm t ry uf Irrkj, in thu- “Garden of l-iton" the land uf he Tttu Rivers, Tigris ami Euphrates TSh? third was totiillv unknown* The in Jem! step m dedphcrinimt was run dr try .t liririuin, Srntru Frfedrith Grule^nd, wJlu L'hmsr Iwu fT n hut; sup|3Hksei11y Old IV noun Inscriptions and palnnl aUraily computed thrm -fun hy a^itmiecj

11 *-

i

i»>

h-

I

.

1

I

When, in 18-15, he published Jib rasults- it wp3 nB hut obvious that he had succeeded in fmdbig the key h» iht' >Jirn,

JLder.stamlJjig

these

nl

particular

in-

scripth in?

Run the material zi\ bund f« ir full decipherment was wholly runic piatr, Xu Irn^ test was available lo check his dkai verso*. Msn hr hail tnvmljjritH ntaty imc of the three Luifiua^c?. ,Since oU oi lier Eium. rlptiiULi t-qilert up to that time widre tiki ^hciri imd limited, it proved 1mi.^.il ile iu use hie prcihablc deespheriurnt of lie nm' iiui^ouHH a kny to tile tiisrlFi^timflmg of thn other i,u The inscription mi Mhutii BSsSttm i

P

1-

1

1

1.

1

l^llv

i-

grt jter

SlUi-w.

i

jrc

Z

jifomiKe.

HIere

-

Per-

in rfld

uf rexl^

£ liiiE#

%v t n>

stan t 141 long Lines in UiLbyhinfauii, anil Hi'-ilun tlietefurr, ?piO litir*- in Elurtiil r n r

.

represe-nlei.1 a cfudlet^ic whJdt qta^ mu -i meet atiil rivemiTTie if he wotilrj *cck the hidden nteanings of cimtufunm writings. T f]e first attempt to copy Darius's y w:b- nude n little mcire t han a cen1

>

«

r

mr> I

mi:.

3iio 1

.1

when iwu Fsvrkhmeri I, .-i

rhe

:il

t'mninir iTuf wfih

OEl ptrir

'.ri lJj

1

i'LM

iitir^j

Sifkitdi Jkts Khr

,

JtfO-3

Ira tidal*

1.11

L

iiJiii

!

rsijbt'tfldjrdi

’Lwl

thry alludietl tht tfthkt. The Iiiillm primer*, rninr or I'lHii

Ikfcu 1

jrinL!

cm0

:

ih

.

wuiiiJlt?.

b CErotH'd tthh tlir Thi* mnM. jymuvtri tiler

ijirn.

1

FtitJi

Ititn

cnti

NhaO’nfd I"

Irntn IrJt Lhir

)

(4bb> hiilr*

cerrfc>rii

jFcheuhwbL 1>

*

ilrillyiS

1

1

1

Hnu L

juiEnitV ]uk i

]J;-iii:-

nil

Hut

iihlhl -i-lu-

hour*, pttotjprttty) ettpii tit far -util Il-.vL Juj druiLed FLudy, An accurate ihcr^bv ivtum-iL Ir^^fei Er U*r whflil# ri

of ThrJl ftOVhe -iifiport nf the hvn liflie r

l

Thi y had wonder in': ncpfrieri^'s; they scrambled with bleeding huneb am! feet up the rode they bad been ?enl to cupy. and re Ruined terra firma by an effort of gymiun -,1

Scaffold

Lim

I

istilcpl

i

i

r

i

ill

li

tfantirs uhlf.h. In fsruf

\| .nil n

ihrm

il

irlt

-:

H.

*

unfit

be cqtmkd urtly by the Fijeard. Thrur toil \mt\ jieril here wi?re fruit less,, however Ik the
Darius LiiivcJ History nn Agi’lrss Hock

4 -r

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In

pat'c aid to

jTTiipi

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limut Iotaim

ibc kiii.e

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iji -

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lfea3

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mun

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tit

Stein* Abtrte

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rtjrFir

1

Khui^ Fiumaies

hot bmlilc. tml n Julluu'rr ul LJm Lie. msr

hand i# mberl h M«FEnkensue wau Id^pod by sflvcf.&f gulden hh

ht rfrnt

r >I ll i

Gtod*

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ducr

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frqtttt fTner^cA

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Anti

tin!

!ifc

HN'Jj

Niirional

Pull

I.lulU

impcKr."

tun '-living

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frJi

Nfag;i/lnc

IcQ^r^ptiic

StfHfTo|d like

,,

»i

n clmiri -

jwrialifit,

Opht

thrC jharty

Knelt io

tion W?Rt

the

Babylonian ln^criph'ins

atlxo

bnii lib

K

mi

I

*

iii'itj

Unknown Ibhn mi Sir

il i

i

n

1

1

34

-.

juidU

Adiit v u medi

f

-

two Knwii htsiiii, aui EtiJh Hi^nrj V RaWti -m hail lilren rly Mi treed rij in dimbfD^ the ptaripiitoEu fnee of IS ?? iinn Hi? description of cli^ iscenr U often i

,

hiilr

miking-

.

i

Hp

c

,

inducted timt the rlfmti

b

wllkh on V *ih >,i:l Iit>jji.ylii flhHr| imri _iri could be expected tin imrJtTtoke. Howi-vr r, hr« was rin mere moLintain dimliH-r, i-Hbinotwfy, and with Imlntfj* pat.irririr, hr topirrl the OSd Persian fi \T msi then, set ml m>i] tu dtvipher ii_ Repesiisdly he feturm-d Lu the OEM?

I

j

t

•ibtasti to[j[i

rflfon

>

ui lioili the

and

Elamite mid

iijnin

tvhiidi

lie

ingenuity.

With

hi?

and irjjblatloji of flit H]d Pffsiflti \vw 7 Iti tS47, and of the li:ihyhwinn Iflirts lit K- 5 the key In she inldrrstnn dirip; of the worlds eldest writing?- was made available Iif A) mankind. The of llbilim h;ul hern Riel and pul dll

in ihe

with

Mi,5.

Ehdr puipc&i because, thm said, the Inscripilia.

3t.nck.-i

a htirf cahFn siutj^cf n Irr]^

tkiwcred

m

ilinl

lU‘ Wriife Iphi^E- Mil

Mitj

from Juinnj*

;Vvnj'

l

n lifcmhlin^ tomt-ilcf ,

1

i

LLiiiUL

of the

I

1

erif.de?

.

i

overei inn.1 . Jiut ihe

elements have exacted a

hi-.r-y

m!)

The lvlnrta the Euideui iru^ripBkifW and sands of lime, jiLiitimti raitis, -n il winter s chili have played havoc with line after line fnurt

of the

ii'vi--

and made them

dMi'iulc, tn tv;id.

-

-

D.)

1

rills

Ruck

History on

r\

’ls

Si 3

Further^ despile his tiunn mini Ltd a c h'i e v c tl L!’i

1

1

K.lW

,

W

iJL

itfcr-i

I

’1

X

making the copy* end Jti the

engaged fit^E

in

*Li»c* nf ctedphermen t w hfii of en

i-arJie-t

.

he

l

m way nf know*

IliU'l

What lo took

nil wxs

naturally*

tjp-y ,

c:

for,

Wi

feet lire.

tie

More

1

1

i

ll

i

"H

though he viipml n fnc -mrl. n hall columns nf t

'

+

,

four

Lists,

ivtrtifit-

that: al-

s

adtfiMijn.il

^ /CF

UM'U |

n,

:

S3 3 4

columns cfintamiBfi &2& him,

defied

lines

p

fcO£K M IIWSCHIFTIOHS

for

ft!

umJemcaih these four cdIuhlqi there is n

>

"f-E*-*

rr

&

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t

.

^

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\1

Tehran*

US'S

\

]

tdgfc

1

nia

:

which

mm

ti

i

dubious of

i

^

-^(PERSIA)

lift's

cyEt readings, of she

t ll-ri ii

Periish rvcm Arurriraii prntes^ snr at CciltEtom <"nsWit] huits verity f \. j.ickion d ini b cd fi c Rock iu ie.vt t

*'mi-

mu ny

and phniMg^LpH-

Eliaituu

been

i Li^J

NEUTRAL

****

Tivruii fgipit

'.’

of

W/ KUWAIT wfoiwdit jp

,

I

J

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-

Nl

ARABIA

Ufil

hail

V^mV

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1

Th-afiA

t^Q4, an 1

spottsored for

bmuv“i

Aryan,

Eritlsli ATiiseaui

oiiit

SSg"'*™

^gEM

5e-

jm-rttnl

Bisfltin

Permit!

U Modern

Uri'f-k.

Inn Itun

E

run

byhdnfii

itn

j*|wit

I'orirl^

Lkinuf the tlrcjB,

Kuncra'i FjIp.

Tli|Eti

rrlI

*

FAIU 9I b
P!

i«;i

muT THnur t El Tiff

Fmwr

Mil PtS/.u of

,

MntiEnJ— »

Sii ytjji

L-n.i

-

4

*

told.

Sc- ^tLisiit, in

,’K.-

!

:

yrl

j\

r

.j

'

the inscription 1 for Hir linl thr full ilrsl Lime,

hy Lbe

y

-

*

[

checked ur collated

r.'qiediikm

!

Mid' "

Be

uni rViH

,!H

jSIuh*!*

\

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E

f

of

.in

o

Distill

W

sitiry

+ frail fSuL'anabftd)

%T

an r fort l n clarify some of Lhe

tiir^il

,

K^rrianfp^lt

In

nso-re

RAN

^ytUnUm

Liin -Staiwl.

tnqlei btiK

1

1

.

m-* miLa Russia : today

ei

wrf niii whu. im-.uEirrn Gnntp, AETLCijcan

Politic*

|

i-ci

I

j.

liftful dltaffr!

Uii fin Hibitun. TTjl julhnr, (Jipytnp Lb EiiiH-tfe Sim e Jjnftnard WI3tiJim UJ ittL^kly itiu ni|ift£fl 7 nlinj;u-il U’xL preserved an immortal iEwircusit {y ija: * Kinj| and Rfr^inild Camp Liell Yh nnip* in Carefully they rEvnirked th^ nine ami a who lab 'red for the Museum, could profit from half rolnmsts iluiT Rawlmson hail copied. mote than :l KemTalion of ^ood sehobrsliip in mid and under-biml andenr Their -in i.vy^ W milhiiited by the fact Ehal f.|*e ability r ey|iec:ted that they linir- U Li l.i% il-.^ -’.Liid.i: puhlicaticiai. Tin -V ri tj it Was ufijy lri 3 E secrcis of hi:? him. It wrmhl seem, hm shi'Uld improve euorpifiti^ly on Ra^tttorjn'a l;'fL-3i sntved, reading. \1hi f. by mrtunate discovery, they vrere they too, made mlMake^. Thcv Were r r nnnhh to lead the z\%os fo Innumerable pa^enabled in use a rF'dk alidf high tip the nmytai' find (h ty maile ft numbtr ol surely taina'd^ + ihiis taming lu^r m the Inpdrlpifon^ errmfieois or tir^Hrss-iblr jttE irm inns. they suiipii? to recopy Where HaWliostto had The fault was by no mean? wholly heirs, Fnr any been forced (0 Stonrl tcjirm a tiny ledge fmmedbhdy beneath thr tests, they pupped J ropt* three men rend mg ^ wum and ended inscription may interpret it in three, if jam uiv-reT from hr fhvli sdn-ve iiaid, sllLhia ej a kind nif dMerityf way? iiiiit^WAin s vhaitj :&w nnvr »ack h A jiKceedfeh gtuirratiuii uf ^ImLir-s h-nl jidihv face of the viter Rock. 1

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The Naii oita] Geographic Magazine

634

TfcrifbU Uil

When

L'ji£Lu!h;it;

I

van red

i>

l11

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1

njrif l

itudy

she

nit

r> j

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wojL jjL^r

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thrt

4

iiLaiviHAililL^.

iMai*

RWpy

'

th-r

hr

I

tjjcj

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Would

u.

enprcai'iLLs At ri[U

pp

whtiih

r.

104S*

ClitT'dd^ ?

tedd

j

relief

lilcpw se i

loser

wtridi

i

.jIIih

1

fur

eEunisuliticm

s

ifi.'fj]

*olu-

the

uf

ni-rnnipamed the

sn-

mi.

sue-

and Ihe kmglhy tesr-. high up a iiujuttlaihside -m j spot Which ts today all bul inactL^sib^ Jir four columns \ find qtiesllbn Suvnlvifd of in^riptKms which luul delied h«‘ efforts only *4 RuwFin^m nut also nf Imiie mil It these columns cuirld be rtiid, Thiirtip^in. what weerHA would they telf? Surne hilhertG r

1

r-i i|

ftemil of DeeIiifV fritagfc

or mUsh-

uiijiotktfceLl

fm-fl

nf

tbt:

m

(irHce t

ftHginti

nf

H:

194S,

2

I

r

ait-

hfi'b.

il:

inri

trrsi

wriitL'O*

of

in

of

the ior-

finikin

r

the

'»f

wtmld

Ifftq, iJn-

I

brfnjt tu iin

any

tir Jibfe t«»

|

li

-

1|

ii

i-i-i !,

u(

R'.K.'k

of the problem? in

were

the mitst rinding universik al semiimiieEi, and rah-

Amerio

whirh wtuild alietuin

eji'i-

knew

hr Arm'rfcMP Schools of

contriluition to the j

I

i

inimiattttM! ^ttiation En aptTraml titthkety that the Anttuti!

it

wilhin

Vfiht language 1

ktkew win Bp*

I

<>f

i

i

members

J'rrif^snr tiu]

A* h h rms n d

es^

colt i tuna

Research, ;m

tmt

-

ii

named Animat hnfessor

inlSeuf^,

ties,,

I

erven

lii.tn

btnipil 4jJiiHil^ in

in riifvEisjr ihe relief

unknown

LTUdr eltvatul eh-tli In I n pj., it&mfa hT rifihi fJT).,

liansjy

Sc hw

t.hrieni_al

fiorntt-

t

w.ijfi:

]

men

Thk

ne-gi id- w-nfsh is

liir'-r

\ll

>rk

i

which ihese four

in

r

Tbw

Vi! im

siJijiH?

\\

fur Tv jUijtien: lo she vrtil^iiFtei. li ihc K in.in^JulL Pol nuk kim CiHiippiin '

HAflfalchEijr

thei-e

Rink,

new details ef And how hud Daniil Wiirkmeo

Inu*

ift?

m-

by Tlitjr \

Bttjih ilui!

Other

ti^d

Stattrin,. hU£fiT#taf!

!».

low Did Cartel'* Rctldt

3

LiiL^klEii

ittitpctuittl

musjf-

emenrlatitiTu

do Perdl

rlriickd

chci ted, by impruvetj nrthorih _ liriqim? ^igamat the original mscrifN I

h|xin the Tibulnus I

ijlj

rn scrip! lfla&

Liiid

1

OeOTcfl i" n in

(hj

1

( LI iff

4 ounmLiirs Inim: mil

la

Lfcn^itkirL ’

-

U'l

ftathhE-it

MrH (ibkl

imrhnlrri

iCaJ

i.

Teut

Ivx.v’^ujivtf'K

TJaH-U^P [ rj.

r

I

I

w ork cd the seboots thrreSiitc-. ;in

Bi-i^iiiL,

ats

if

t-p

hnvi:

[

ia-.li

bci

not allj

and thus

laulfnetl

end mare t han q century trw ttumliLv

riL^li-

tbqfiedltldfh

thti in ly hiitoric: nnuuiitirriE.

WitMn a

snliEtali-

r

I

ui

wcnk

h

,

Da nun

A

Abdul Tht

?

El,

1

ei

.A u

u

cm

0 -ffWT ladder 1**1*

n

Caxvi't]

-!

s mikll

Ur. Cjmeruri fudlul

v-

r

a

t L

ttJ

I

J

Vvcends

Helper,

the

mu

rtfmlm

n.srd

by k

i

:

:

-

i,:

Carved are iwn 3 go,

i

.inline

Mm if

ri

rid

park

of a wallcil mL >;K^;i:iirF in

I

lie

I ‘c- r

nr ^

; i

i

‘’paradise"

tdgt

Hr. l

„in

Wfth its* dliertftrs, Mrs. Russell Bus&dirkdri wr found

1

1

>ti

t'irjjt

metbod^

lives uf the

Persian ^iVL'reignii,

ip

the of/toe of

2

whn

r

nf

assured us that rhe

iOlhn en'iury

ofl

Anglo-

the

Iriiolaa Oil
a bas+iftltef Hlu^t rating

from the

w

riejicJiy lisdgipg*

itumnj ;iT

ntlirr series

1

ifty B a ml

gftyvrirttg

1

yenr^

3.50(1

of ibr

whHs near by

moiijiNiiri

and

Sc all old '% LiUidlns;

Ed this

pfaLtann ,Mr rtt i shov* tJtc road. Kra-iri this pum! Id (he inscrlptiupi iJ[E. L.iJdrr Jind rtttfrild KJIvfcd hi- dUVH.ufcka. U*ni of

shah, which was to l*e ^tif bast of npcriitiinh wife and suns accuTopaiiitij me. Five nilks nartfaestpi. ai iaq'L'Buinu^ are

My

on Ageless Rtiik

story

\

hr

licaE

skill

h

n

\

I'Tijriuwfs wnsli!

he linguist £ learn inn and tb<- aiehei 'logfat s fcire. Huh led by shcpbrrd litsy* amtim! hr renr uf rnjissivt Risk Lin* his ixpmrHCed risers a>cended to the shelf 2 CO feel aJxvve the in^erlpEhm there they drove holes mtiH I hr -olid ruck pted stL'i'l plus in the boles; usni cev Novi ^irraity fi>r ti merited fhi-m in. I*e

at

of

iht' si-.Tvkt

t

I

b

<

:

<

ktriipiiTiy

Help

r*

II

Modern method^ of tmipp
had

Hirnhi the

di

In

lawtt

i

nits-

iih-itl-

but with the dirt over v of Iran i natural underground wealth, oil, and the e-tabIMurieri heiF of a refinery Kerirwmsbal^ has hlossamed into new life and vigor (page & ft IfUfldity,

wm

on

tnrglng nr^ups of Kurds and Pet-

the remaiitltlg *rcte t± of Darius's noble memorial,. Carefully wt draped u scaffolding tip the nv,iiiJL^LLnj.ide a> high as nun c^-ii climb, tn

and private ears vie fur honors with horses, L’:ittsf!> dun keys, and rhe hea%ily laden hutnnit hack. Am Afit^ran bospital helps to servi rhe major medical needs

biswath the inscriptions. \plii v«r ftenl behind the rninmiam, climbed to the (JtiW familiar sheEf, low* errd Topes to tilt base o| the massif and citie

i

^

3

-

\ u.'i-ni

v.

i

wbh

Ijir-iy

:

r r

*

-

: -

->>n>

sinns; busr>, tiut’k> 4

r

i

i

p

m-

>

I.

fmDliil

ill

trick

,

4

ii

level

eninjianitiivi’Iy

1

spot

I

r

Tfve Natiniial Geographic

.

.

Maga/iiw :ind t

tbt ^

i’IIiI

’i

ill-

way by

htf

of

:

msr

ladder,.

task would be easier*

we

]i

Hi

knitlrr hLicJi

in

I

r

Lh d a

hung

r^cls

fkb

u£jiri£.lL

Now,

wall,

hi1 ruck

t

tttRb*

in

we were ready (page

mh ip

ur crowd

tu this point

had h^il a large d -lgkl--n:!r- mirl wflt-

Dative iktEkm^ Three onJy were needed upon the scaffolding, Lriu

cine fp

C4u:h nf the

tttaii

winches, and one to i-rml it nfi from the

l.v ii (

ky wall, wuujd I be one of the workmen, and *> only two ulhm i...

were required^ turmtl in two men wbn hud uppenred in Lh: most i rihLErfjtPtil I

r

you nime

'Will

\i[i

tup with mi'?” En unison ihey

re^

nsl”

plied, ‘”Nnt

"Why tmr' asked, "Too liujfierous," 1

h : L-h villagers, Who have long been rioted for

nc'pltfl )

their

1ts--

1

!

1

1

1

1

dat-

bcuristrttfig

ing 1

Shocked, Ji [

t.'iirvc-rl

twlrRij i

in

ttdiS

nn

lit ls r Li

thr.

\m

v

Uiriitt, lvr«ni Kimi. Kiti£ >J

TWk,

Lfcu:

thiei nis

n."

Us* huir ijmlhfreil In \tt

tmseE.

stow

iar

lid

Jji

ifc

pbice

m-ii--

t-

tnan.

Kiiiii-H”

« .? Ill- nttUtarh*i^ira. Uht Ktnare beard, tnmlirri Into. In

1

1>

Uiff (i
tot

m eKW? i

1=

i

l-''

ffita

My

w

project faced

as-ter

if

failed

mvl

inis

md I'ucidiefl k M4),

tin-

twn

riRyel'^,

on

plus Bilmiity

stnpprf

tcrfw^rtj -ind, fnlluwlnjiL

to our scaffold

to the cjblre (jiautiS S 2

:i.

however, we savi that il Wfls going to be no easy maUur In raise aad lower the scaffolding daily over ihe fnpr of Trehvemjnos onitjutthig and the inoiinL4iin. overhanging n^cks would certainly interfere w iLh our upward or dnimwafcl propresj. Thirty feet above our hocb w^s a HliTi? If we could leave our scalToldinsr r*'ar sluif. ihat i&At at Itic *nd of uadi stay's work

A? we

!

I cm.

iked

me

ca hies.

lad.

named

1

fi

•

:i

!>

Ours Was rape

up But i'

ll

liELni

day;

men

this

the only,

of

erne hla)'

Sdm, a slight

H

^ Surra nL of

^vurkniuo for this wuiilij take cure of

up.,

for

dir.-

these

FEimllv, of

bait

answer unly low iH'£aii~ve mitr rnurn-

-

by Mia pulled «p tin ends Thew we anchored stilly to Then we relumed In |>!uce.

and

uii racy,

for

nikol I'l-nda Irmn S 3 3 r l‘. llUfJui Hi* fetiDto kcaj the lma|r, t« 4^6 n. e:. Twk'r hn irtvwJed liiwctn but in 4^0 T>, c. hr- sutTenhl u historyAjy,in ([liU-ia life -Mi I mukkc dffHii :il Minlhra. LJJiC file Gtwflcf, hu wua ViinrLiln

for

offered

r*

til

li

pfi/c

M*

by pee* drivrt

1

nl

asked

I

L

-re

perhaps

v,

ure

my

totnorrow

itstlf.

t^sk, for time aitei time

be windier were janirned or both nf the nuTTieroijTi pV£rhnci|pFi|[ ro^ks. feito I

little

lining

by

little

we rabtd

uur scaf-

wu foULdn not miijouinu boulderj? and our own

higher

;ind

higher;

only Ehc weight on the sealMil, but also the weight lo ropes of dosuru of men dinging down Jsv which i hr- rv Lou were trvuifl to bulil «iur %P

Mow

#-

1

Dsirms (Jar veil HisCim plat funn

:i

Way

he mountain's

f

orr

Agdess

837

Riu:k

rum

face,

l

Wu RcdeU die I-ud^cl We parsed he lEtik

'

•

I

shelf

0

3

'

i

above

feet

against which we iiilf ladder rested fjwssfld \w oblique gash,

them

,

:

i

jdunsficunqe

he

which

4

of

M r^t «3raptHl

rit

we passed .solid imk scalped by thouus: ami

i

Sands of chisels.

At long

T

last fiur scaf-

folding rd-Mn! securely in

i

ledjxr

sin-

imme-

diately beneiufr Ihc in*

s

which tiuw,

rip If m,

for the first time, rnv

hands and eyes caressed. wjih a lruttapjimu

It

miimrnt, \\\ past worries. over tlw nmm! of i

mat erf ah

hi;

feasibility

flood

the

of

my

mttliud of attack, dtsek tpeared \ 11 nhsi aflw ilLi tin Ihitf ihc Un iimi.tili itself, had him nvrr-

,

\ nihinfi n>

qunc,

muffled but to Apply si new technique of cupyrng inscripl inns and li e r

knowledge gained from 20 years qE sjudy to

hr age-old mtRli.rlaJ. The cxpcdiucm, I knew in thn! moment ]

I

liti)icin

Al^mmurd.i,

ii S

1

lh*a raCi'rrE

would succeed.

a

day's work As ended nn this note

Our

.rt

mi Eyti

1

we

njbkr

prrjMircd to de-

meaning

realised tin

1

of the nblkpie

We

uaK f] which

had passed mi nur j-uml. and which we r fiuld now see slanting sharply downward ]m\ below LiA 1 w^js an urnienf pathway* now pnrtujjly blocked by f riSen rocks. r

\Vc

3clf

fulSuw^H

-

ill

1

.

.

f

i

*

1

ibe

I

!'

i

c

1

I

w ?u*

and

Fisrty^igbt

feet

M.-jiffohljng wlierr

path

iluwn,

hI..

-

ill

dr

1

ts

the pad*

TIllti

n-msiiiLiH].

still

ii

-

i

iij

etiffyd*

U-r‘l

i

!

i

% -,

wn fathers below

the

Five

wn>

feet

little

si

below

its

SemtdretlJsir

end,

however, there

pktfum

Lilmut

fiurt

and from IS inches to 5 feet in wiiefth. We drn-pp fied to ihb platform and looked down again. There* 12 LteE bensuh u.^. wi* Itr tup 1-uia

i

of

uMlj

,

hieirt-

Pcflhn Ancgrfur^' tarn

Fiir^nrlra

a ameifiiiui fetecripltcm

ffluld For ihijdkJiilHjra

Gid

ccTBrd wish

(pup

first

r.Tiid,

of

Iliv

ladder* fust renting agjhist the edge of a tmy triangular shelf. »-ur

'

wt [mvtTwd uuoeJves once miin

*aut Sourly

1 .

she^in^ pufehuse in ,i ftsStrrt which run dawn to Ihc shelf below. <.3nr hnid ier. were taut as. one hy one, we gained the fihdf and dr-cetidni tlif ladder^ T u Ecu It :mrl damrcnuis thuugh this mtlhcicl df dt^cenl and a.^eul nd^lii he. here uur eaipir^t way of rtecrss to (hr From That time enuld help our f w e toww, pri^rre® up to the scaffolding, which it -elf would be used only as our platrii-m at the height o3 e!k inscription and ridief. iitir ft r?i dayV wurk was d'Uie but needed a workman to replace tbc company's rigger. Once again i5ked fra r vnlunteers* :hi= Lime for the niurmw. Encouniged by our days, success* u y^uiig boy raniicd bjtnseK behind Servant id AJi, uttr

Eiftllds

.ind

feet

wm

m

j

j

1

[

l

The National

Ati Oil Rv5nur> l

miiEriiim

li

:i

while ^ocldog

quiErtizni

ll

I

-

r

;i

n

.1

Ruck

the

il

i

tliclil

[Smuni Tnwn Kcmuinsbtlj Lni pvftl, but WOWTl'l la .riii alls' show Iklllc \\ tun frw. The

of iSMtun, s

jparl tif

tV

1

1

and Hussein ? For direr days th^ boys worked wilh me upon the scaffolding, hm ittifomiitatfly !

tried

L

Li

soon found other rntersta. i

assistance

replace

him

repordlless

Hie

an deaf fan,

if

again

r

my

When

pleas for

wnges offered

the

'wuti:

--til]

fell

"iim daBger-

OUS^ (

In year? [irujc

I

ih

f»

old 3,

t\ls

ft(

L2kfodt t^Siamns

straits ray sen Th'-nuis. not yet li Lint

eager

vitluotfertfl

to

c nry! riUjitp

zT"m

ih.Tt

to

the

rhty on. the

Trur,. and I worked from Persian (he scaffolding, madr our copies, and fought the wfnds ru it?, and cold that ,-iSL Lmj ?J J] benan to inter fen: (pa $31, A major enal was to jtrdiecfc all previous readings of Lhe copy of DtmiisrS story whii h is written m nld Fersuui, This is- Curved db beneath ihe relief in hvr vertical c jL mi h hf which, e£< pi for Ok Lml + mras'

ii

ps

mth 1

i

j

:

i

,

L

*

ura about

1-1

feet bigjh-

>i

1

:

.i:_-_

in llir

1 iHs'e

kirri'i

i

Imdf^S),

nrl

tlafe

fir^r

1

situation struck me at unm, Lu saints Tbffrt nsv iwu prim pei the rrr.vhin MoslemsAll Their iumte&?

AtisJuI At3

the snu W -Cft] 1;

\l

'

nf

C-amr-mn m&dtf KEfimnshiLb his

I l*r

portion of ihr monument appeared loin tafiniudy more unrc.idahle Icau

\Yhul h vplif Tmrnh,> " I jinked Hussein. was liis rr ily.

The humor

y

n Mhuls. luu- rff.uTncfl to iavnr.

1

*'

i

GtograpliEe Magazine

rViiti^forntieil.

In*-

mil dfl^ii streclii Borne ol

fi&Lsrs

tfU,

I

d

L

i

I

had been more than 100 ytrafr ago when RawJtn^n copi-d it, and even mure damaged (linn when King and Thompson worked upon

It

A

horizon tii! fissure ahn-vc ihr cnltthuttj ol beneath die relied, Was otiviuu&ly sJble -r part of the dartiajit fur this wils m> ELiuUy ihe esii of tin imdergftumrj 'river.' Viter s rain lasting less than seven hours, it \

1

f

i

.

wider issued from

for instance

the- Jissure

and

n face «-i ihr inn’jfpwashed down iu ro— Lion fur mure tfutn 57 hours. Since the rack itself was limestone, cenrurfes of lumhlhitr witter had uatrn it aw.iy lo a depth -it rimes 1 1

of five or sts inches

—

iifi

nf

ci'njrse

aS]

LpHMi sttch spots fe now wmiFlui jlII ItiRriptiiMs brjueith Its path

thu

wTidn^

had

Alihriu^h the watrr hgp not ilisappraredi dbisnlvEd the limCMcwie at the tup nf rach column, that litneslotat has ilsulf l rim deupon the face of the inscription, po&iteff H

liswer

dnwni

w-nitfc*

i>r

si

Where unit

‘>ni:e

iharr

carved Into the

Snici r

been

nek, iupi5

deAtrnyf
v

1

,

Tt'y’i-wal

H.T'J

in GUnrv Rvflecf* i

iM

LkcLphcriEii-nt J"||

B

3^-fsifin,

rL:i

d\\ Inn inn

jfc-tvcii 1 1

•

i;

L'

.

the ndcJh

*4 “

i.

unij IHiiinitL"

i

nt the luIilII

BWitm

HwieHiy

t

*e ni

eNl-

-Uwfniilik

Pji^canl

1

IT

M

1

i 1 1

-icTaiflwT

||^dMva<

4»4 Wihiuy-

<

l

l

VneLmt Pcrtk

aihl^wnt,

ThcEr Tniaguc* font forpotlm. rccorHf-d llip Jvihjs'. u Ij.i i« -r unit tiicv Ikfcl t.-n hirlnri-j ol ItahiSiviiKii il

r;

1

.

1

.

>

j

i

ii

•

-

UWai AiU** Row. 1 La ikooe 1

i E-hur

Urrtfk kry to ttvpt'i hirir^lyjiikii)

y

E

The

$-40

ujLtct

u*i

-

fnjm.niion twt't

M

National ttftitgfaphic

tilt*

snrfiiiT nf thv

inscription.

nrigirsiil

—

1

I

:

,ig:i/Jne

each fKfKpnded to ihe other's olI can wdl be t

We

iningfned.

WY

1

re^rt

1

iris-tl

hi

in
hi

i

l-lIjIi -

wire in a posttitm snmelmw to “ura®” tla t* sedimentary dt'|indi but how wc-n? we to remove it wflhonl il^miiKJnjt the ilpis beneath

ledge beiierLth the Old hTM.iu ver -E
it?

ii

P

Aeffl wjLs ccrLitiily

would

not only the ricpbfft left fn wi'fTm:, hut aim Mif.- solid rods fbelf*

hummer and

Uy

Arid

away

e;U

end \

not the solution.

him mu: ring ihrnutrh ihe surface

rift ?fate

dqKfrit

plain water #hjs uitr answtif,

mirti rlic original rock -.urboe. Then I could rub a mtjiirtpnd dulli acrbsS Ihe lace nf the invisible wedges. \_L the war it f

i

-pcifil

evaporatt'd, there

was

ft

in

The

1

tion between (he original rock and the

I'll

ledJp

wnlgfs, Sifjn iiftrr ripn, word after weed* thus b^amr rvidtut! Sometimes rmr problems were $olvcd Su a dfw mine manner. Instance,, thenw.js u phrase in one 13 nr with it for two ritinns had been the sutler t of debate atbottg scholar^ ft was i suite dte&ir thm Dari ns wa* .saying sonulliiTig about oite of his Kcttftunrtf, bn mil one hiiri been able to read ir. When hr pa^ajre s-imr clear in hkii- work, w? were ri-aiiifirirri rinty ol the ^vimishing Yrimrii, fihr tlilk mun who wasn't there.'' [•nr Itafm merely siy% Ai thai tiniv m Mtmnt was not there at that place” Tints some pa ins are in reality strutll or inn gni Brant Miners, h- vwvtf. contribute more tu our knowledge, such as ii new rending fn which s

i

Ei

ni re* lieneflthi

Elamite

he Bahsiunian

I

ttjpten r

alth ough

Ihp right of the Ok] T er^ran text there i* at present no ledge w tiaisot-vef, Almve thb portion of the inuniEmrur, at the height if rbr sculp tureit [cuid an? the four rnl Birins nf festi never brioft* r*ijiTed + 4 suit which ni.il even ibe IrLttgiiii^e w.i5 p

<

I

1

known, from the shelf ahtjve^ we ad-

artfully,

[

jilted the pnsirto&s of unr rubles and lhrn retuTnino to ibi now fumillar ledge, raised, the SL'afloldlrift rliiii It -Uhh| in front uf a pDrE of his hitherto imtrmwn teict,

r

1

|

VVHal vsMuld it lell n^-! sr>t gtmice Abuwcd fright Frjtly

w:m part beyond

this

th^it

weathcml. dumnged Vet hf-re iud lliere

in

lectiwy. came clear T and ihuy ucn Etanillr >-i^Tir 1 began to reaif. 'And f Janus the king a iiNtn Ha nii'd I'bfaorTK , € y' and rcidinlicit ibt' u»E was duplicating what in a -rmch be* t stiitfl of preservation, njipaam] beneath tiic Ftabylnuuni vermin Inflow and to the left i

i

uf the relief!

\Ye niovn] lrnm tbr first t-i the axmid --1 Uiair. frcmi the second to the IftirrL and con«.

tinued In read in Elam Lie. Finally we moral to nlimiTi four ajuI ihetu was no cluitg^ in ningmige or iu phraseology: rign after i

of the other well -known Kbrnile ui^

wishes.

mfidi^ what

;

is p

FtHPcddar NVyrl.h

Cause!?

l’i

nueJy

wired

rock* might full from the tUfbfde wiii Indicated whi-it,
t

1

lie

i

^igrj.il

and

l he.u-l

I

wn>

nlven,

a sinister

we swung nimble

En

rtfunve

uirtfor

me, that

falMng hijulcUT. For uii- npim the ledge, a5 for my wttY and urns brk>w T Lhenr was tin shelter, ggvr a fry nf urgem warn mg and -flattened tnv^tiF against rise fute nf the Ipscrtpl hWt* The brp? LmhjFi It; r hurtled by, hti the bulge, and wen f
i

1

i

i

m

wnrd.

iiUrt

text

this

was a

ilupSLcat^ rEptir-u'

was diMPi^rintwi, for my ha\w of fandiiLg n new fo^iptiuti of Dari us ms gom* Sail], there \rws certain gain: by ili.-h rXittiimlJy.

I

here wTinen* vn; had' nr-

im til oftenetj, Would alW4iy she n a li rin^. Furt her m w* jy jp\i ng this text nl&o we could imn piv-i mably imprtrve the reading nf the T LiiruM* text which hud hiTn ccpj>i
ki-rl

]

il*i*or

r it

The way

noi

is

it

Kims deriarr*, "New do yun lii^irve whuE I have done, feyst] ihii [itocy] lo the pcnple irll do not conceal it," This passage, also ]om* fought ovtf by orieniaii5ts T intrigued us much, foe wr were inched end tav*? ring k> carry out Darin Er the

the

unfl

To

qdiiiP so brniL-f.

I

a

m

ci

5eccji>fJ

In cri ora-

riiffrrenfe

wuy again.

just that

Llr.Lt.

I

I

i

1

ii

*T

Text

l

Our copying

run it erred in Lsitex l€cbn{r|iie

invnlved

pf?"log-

raphy T our eyes a ml hand5, ;jsuI u t;ttcx soEuilqji. Thiilugmphs were easily made from the iflblding, f Jn paper any baud* copied wh.i. my fsyvri c^fcuJd see- With i.be latex ounpi^imd, however, ive were Jibli- 10 make nsoJ.fs wMeh .tny scholar cfmld read Jind tru^l.

ami whti h made by thr

nrproducpEl evtry ^irti .i^ at wil-. aikicnt sc n1ptor3 t or. rather + as trxlay

We

(l^age ^.^7

it

appears

i.

first clesineiri

Lhe rock mirfaci

1

\rith scifl

n

1

1

Darius CarVuj

T

TH*.

1

>111

1

!' |

1

r

dunki

m

i

Vi

1

=.

e-iib,

m„

am ^

ce. h-usic

i

7 fast

Ihj

hh

Am b«

hp

w'i-Ji-,

joJfuilri

|[»

r'

H mi.

*

MUM

tOtf

Wiiox *buduw

a thicker,

fwrih m.iL

to give

I

M eavurc

f«i iicrc

ii

in g nteusurcii

facyj ul

bill

l

r>

BMlm feu

I

lung

Our

scaffold-

hut three feet

from fault of id ends was the wfndi bv which the platform cfrtilrl be miaLd or lowered. Necessarily* then, we often found ourselves, wurUpg im one of die 4iuirs)d^ cailsi icy and thir wLi3ches where thete was ho gutirdmil. I

P

was not nui-'nnjiik^Ny dangeruus t except when we reiwbed out beyond the hhE

posiduti

we were always fully onto aware that a iUghi slip wendd prefect itself,

alihougli

m

54

the Curvtrs Stoud

which Dr, Oxncron could have Anodld whitens in Old Perdu tent.

Otac day, ns im and pulled mii back jwil ti the soothing: and quite irinh-

the rocks far below. I were so enquired

time

M

slimI

made

Teirnrk,

1

Dad,

E

k

s

it

*

i

yuu

fnlt T I’ll

never speak

you

to

lo

in

The

Wlmrr

the I.l’Jrc

!

she rock.

iuJli t?n

,

the

9

Ruck

a turn the liighcsr piitot Co

uur mold, we laid -trips oi burlap hig^ >t sacking which we then p-ainied for (lie fifth und las! rime. After 14 hours we liKisenirri sincdize^ peeled uur mold from the nek. rolled It up and carefully towered ii in the ground. Tins hiilwrto uncopml it-ni exiemb for 37 feel across

m

library

!

brushes, then applied suartsstve cuit* of the liquid. The fiif.st ven thins dried within 10 of IS minute*. Over a second cuat we laid ill in drj m lfiS4 than sji h-wr.

Upon

1

I

\K

\U

Fittd

m

Son Stud Wiidb

us frcpi-m L-Lmrw a>my wilt Frances. im) 5/f.in E'nuftlusT who dally rode with ui front Kemurkshiih jn mu' ii“r[v J'roLuptlyst noon eaidi day, JJi: ili.^i-nil'vl sein, Ti-m, iiiul jutth mu] ladder te eat n family lutwh with thrm oa the mpunt^nsfrlt; otherwise, they Hatched and will it'd fcipefdDy for line safe and pOEce&siu.! Calling i-f each day’s work.

LhAvn bel TLitril oi: were

us,

r

- -

'

r

1

They

cut

ooi

bni-lup into thin

rolls

of

li

game ami

strips fur ea^y application*

them to ropes hy whkh be pulied up in the scaffolding

and

tied

Later, for the native

Inch

lags of

colorful bazaar of

could

substituted wi?vnn coaid be bought in the

i*.au 2 e,

v-hkli

we

tbcj

K^mitshaia

L

—

,

Che Kncbn;i1 Geographic Magazine

*4 2

Whnt

Wbi

Mrjmjrch?

Yliftbtj

Figure

(«EtrveJ fits

•

i

Reuldcrf

m rti^iiiin

^iir h? ts Lranh'iL *n|» iHWTUtJE Lltur. fliinliefj ]\j ttllrUdiiEif.', Erfl no hhfltityill|t IP rtpll If mi, hi’ ifciu a ii^sanift. one nt the dyiuisli [a. H. 130-441.) Ip foavf luElovud LUrLus by ± tb^tiwuul var* S,i--.inkh overt hftw w hn K^tnreil j}sirfu*fr tnafi^llldjllk f j c ii 1 n iu antient purity, JnvarimFi A ra !> In A [^iLhiaL tew, rdudoi io Mfqrt prophet, ?4HW N^T Zmoiuliiaiii™ narnrd lnr rud tlirTr ! tiiiu-ii

Hit

L'i

fci

i

M jJbLiuim.Tj arujd

i'ih

-

J

:lu,r

3

:

li

1

1

1

;

1

!

1.

ikij

In

1

1.

L*!;.

;..i

•

II.lIi

stand* bt^ik the

Bui^iD i dlh^lih

Einh nf us w is heavily taden us morning rtfier morning we trudged up the nnnintain* i>: !f and dim bed fiver massive rocks lo reach, hoc erf ibe ladder. the We earned up M«-mm fi

Hiduin water tatex, <

brrr^lir

1

-,

fiwd,

i-rM

cl div'

blankets. as well a- a dattgtfbttdy fragile lurt lrii( wiacr matte of LonCEntrulcd

ine .aid

i

I

;

for thinning the latex ^iliiti-iu, Occa^itiridUy, as tbc wini! shifted, it wafted

3ltnrncwilc&

perfume from tiny duster* of miiimtJiii Ikiwm Winged In Ahidluw rrvkps high up the sportful ske Joirk. Somelime- wc Lntemqjted our birch or labor tn watch the antic* of font-long Hoards cling mi* to oui nostrils

:i

delii/iilc

i

to the vertical rocks, or to otiserve the startled lirrts into whose resting places, in -'ra^

anumi] the sculpture*. We Were

Fvcu more

interest Lap

tnlntdifitf.

was the pageant

that

whert the food wtrtmd along the foot of the moujtialn mid twisted and unrolled belou-

13

^.

^-k^vAiVZ-

knirlAEl JJ i'.iTA--. tIi.U:iUin

.

1

i

"

1

fr:*

i-l'r

ulullHlHlIi,

through the plam* There we could see chi Ira nnd t'tiftfec hoitse^ *1i< t- postj and school groups around the lift -” King springs whilst water? nourished ;t dump nf tr*os and fed the halMertifc 50IL rnu'cl frafcfl the near-by village Dcwn lurried

1

i*

j

1

l 1.i

i

-

came Kurdish women* gracefully yet proud uadi head etwwtiil by «

with water. and goals wended tilled

erect. =hy,

a jar to be

Unite too herdt'nuir

way

"f

*lwep

along the ff£td

tu distant pastures,, or patient donkeys Indr n with farm produce ptorJdud wearily En market

Cvdlt^d "Frhfib" b> Ft

uses

spilled

and private

thdr

I

'nappfceiuli^v

cars>

B^bda d -boun d

[Ukssvngurs out for

|

a

r

stretch, a

cup of tea at the near -by teahouse, arid, for some, a rJimh partway uj tlic moimraLn rn ee what ihe«H- foreigners'' were dutng. C nr and on Anjerfciui. al that— whom wc later tuo? r

|J

J

1

—

1

Darius in

:L’hflad.

l

I

who

hail

sides of

1 1 1 Li

Far

we knew

wen whn when

he jifi^sed ihr precipitous

t

iliucim:

lit-erj

mountain

Ll»

[

n

rm Ageless Rock

having almost separated the nv-erliarping nu'frnm i.he rat uf tbtf nnst, aundi its mvn m^ruiHiJs wrjgfiL L h us tbre.ilenitfg very shortly U\ bring it Ibumlering down in tn the phtin, ikisherl into a tltbussand frajpneni^ the scaffold in p Inch hy inch we tried to up over the 'hurap/' and lime after lime Hit overhang foiled lls, OjLce+ when thff fcaffoW '

across

nm^

if

i

Hist f

l Lir%x'd

unwillingly asked us

(hr "fouls"

Bldtun,

1

pLi iu

the

inoiinLam

anniher

i

soon snowy crest. Far 10 "f our 21 days a ilniUui ine weaSher was fklinhMiil, and crowds often gathru-*! tp watch our pnjgft^- After that however* we li f 4

rdggH

its

it]

uiu] l

1

times we fell like scii fluid] ng so hard lh:H circus pi'rfnrnvers flying through the air with

somewhere afeow vEEpped over angther i^rrhiitig, and we w^tt limning angle mure [|t| nil lu L'veu d\ Slowly we righted our fractious "craft and * KitcesaXlll mnrl£ a fresh mil, ihii

gr^sl

astriiu

had E-

ta fight the elements, iiamr?

ir^t

nor

hufleLin^

tin

tit

111

!

.

page (uni in mi my rnteIwwk scudded across ilir 5J4uOi Irngth "i ledge, and tin !:. ai terrific apred. Iwp.lm io go Tt W4£ thousands, straight lip the mountain. of feel to the peaks above, and we sftemrtl IQ It uaiial one nf these see ii go ovei the 1i>] k believe, dial Tumi and 1 loughs JDfffVClinn.'-,

One

crrievniiH

n

4,i*.

I

Supenmm

urgent try,

s

Then came

Imub,

i

'

and away

t’p. tip.

rain,

and cold

l.I

1

juris.

with sum* isn top, and ftqfri* that drench rd tv. idnwed UltT projfn^s ami ma^e aut work atnidst .< hl&ft-

BMtnti

hat blanketed

1

in mist.

mare. bird

1

KiJl'P

i-i

Worm

mid

hxitfifly

am] pair of blanket,

;i

si

tFuunorti, nr! alilt

wc

him

lent

and

a cteil

the brave lad's teeth chill-

tefetl.

worked alinif upon the scaffold oil. abhmi^h ttete lifted tici be no way that unr- could keep warm- In jiiidiiiun to u infer wear ond socks, two pnifs of trousers shirt, mirl sweater^ nil v -si of wdu 1. an :inny coo and a sheepskin jacket ;md stESf iieedij*}, thrown round my shoulders an army hhinkeb which lie wind was loath ir> leave in pliur After completing uur nominal inn of the Old Persian and firsl Khmite te^Ui we moved iidde.i and scfiflbhlJniE to ihc left of the relief ti rmheik readings of the sc-fond ropy of There.il

L^r

1

r

ns often as possible

I

L

i

t

f

,i

,i

i

With the latex soluti-m we were Then able tn obtain a nrVv and heller copy H)l thi^ twtiun of

inscrlpLiun.

tiir

Sculp tur^s Curved

Ouc

was murisi^ a

wnurk

1

. 1

1 s

Willi Skill

clew®, bnl

we h&d

to OKamiiae ih^ relief and to fnliow the Mtciertt |uih to its u me time end* \ 'it wed from die lerlgc- nr horn (he ground

siill

she

rmmhly

m earns

nn

be carved

snilpturrs apfHiar to illtmd wiihuut much

brtmv,

In fuel

irut+

This

ihi'y iconSpare

is i>y

iwt-

ably with the fiMTtous rebuts cri'cillrd at l>a* riu^"- royal i:aplLal, rcrAepoBs t ^50 ruilis Fn -

the suutbtttft

day, when Hn^ciFi ap fjeured fnr work dtr.^ri only in a (hill ^birt

One

tillml

J<

-il

en_Ht

was sharply

Ih^st as iht! capital wpri- iriEiTidnl for pishnwv nn tvm' [Vfat them Itc ga/e fi^ivalt marched kings aind prinre-i t^rindt Those at tribuli ftmu lands nenr ,md fur. bisstun. nn iht? contrary, arc placed high up

N

.

the mosirlTunside where the Hfe-size fipirr- nt rhu Kin^ apd hbi guards appear diminutive,

almost infliiitr^maL

N evert bctiiss, ihese same

figures are c^Ci'llently conceived (

bnu

ch'i.^.

1

.'uw?

.

d

rareftifly

and miiSTaehe*

tingemiislK, tt^ard.-

sec Litid:

'

j i!1

Hvnn >h \nr$ ure skilfully

r

deliii’

i

i

i

rm jil

iV i Lb,

arc hem

hb

(not

Kin«^

irUded

iKMi'ri.

place by

my,

md <

ill

thr

mi

e

tramples with

uupmutii.

nimi curleik

is

Tlie

a separate

into she rock; U is lictr.1 fltie ihiit peg>, leaded ifL

nf stone

iiliHik

hi

disilaitu Djirius sitter-

r

vAotn he cum |iJt* red,

pulers

am?

8jfp),

(pages

eatecl

tirfp

i

the I-'Tnmiir iriM riprthii,

Hut-

rtnttt,

we

pre-

jbuvt Lhfc huge onmirrini: rack which, on iwn lure*, bears tfor Rtnry nF Datiu* a* wtittfil in Babylon San, This we knew, v.,\- n djin^emus pared

US

rdrii

the

^affoldliig;

anile rtj iking..

u|

1

x-e

note

line

1

i".

i-rlifljng^

Alsu,. as

Rowlin^on

im ir-

rgctly noitd a ciidury n^"i r ihi ma.v- of n-i k u li which the inifcriptEon is engraved bears . of hr inn doouiefl tn a ^evfi^' apptumn-tie sjN-edj i.ksi ruction,

mih 1

nest to sniposshili in prevent the part Lif tic winches frc>tu jamming tip

wjls

tt

hale forni in the living rock, start* in bis neck and ends in (he kwl block; the iHher begit^ ip (rnrit of his mmiEb. All the urihcrs ur openly were once filled

wmicr Irirtllng li-nuabrive

ihni-t'intii

ptu

:l

lead.

FLhiT

htyiii

pii-rcr

and

detail

w!

brmfly tn

ihe shtmlder and lie bow
Si'i,-

CWki Ot tuber*

t±*|

Sv Livts ni BtmaioiK11 fn Vtms.Jii Geo» wrirre Mvluohe*

innrir

Rtm'irtl

im

Mu-

i

844

crows in In

iHlJ

?i U

;

he

I

i

with lend; msre m-

I

®uM

toltd fry 4 sliver "i

in the

lertrfJ

i

i

\

\

in

J

Above [he rr-]i"t f an iiwciiptioti bca?E Darks > proiiifl boast nl hi kingship huiI royal rThe wedpt's by which Ihe iuiih? of hfs Etace^Top werf cut iniu he nn:k were them L

,

4-

1

.

1

Second -iep then was imlbitju but a vertical desceni. fnr.the ^lairwuy stlni Imd been chiseled away romjdetely, lun now we knew dfiioM the F1.1l) espLuLatiiHi oF the method by which Persians

ihi-

hcmst-lve*

1

attained

Enid

(he

beij»hl>.

1

r.

1

tp.i/iiip

'i [

.

ulii-

tu lodfeatfl cteJty ip. S 2 ^

*un

:

1

1

m| u.i

which

all

I

i

-

I

iecigraphjc

IE

jeg ,

]

dfttiht, ilu-

r

-urn

1

i

1

.

\ atf nrul

he

J

1

r _

I’fmr

C

Ate jETLcd

foible

t

AO

selves filled In wills lead sn iLiat they tm> cotlM

Imvr

;h hi

1

.

1

1

r,l

y even presrrvi w mir ftjfrlt memory tif the brilliant ornament* Hi ti l hint iii.Lifi nf l:lit> munumeul a -till more nificent Spectacle* for :m iiitm^ijEie nimot worked funned mil civet* hr c untryHtli rn upon tile relief. Tin rn nor iLin^itf when, one day. rtiy wife ujifn'.tml m he Ri *rb wWjfi£ dtG» trimmed guldlikv wilh gilded buttons and f n

j! viJJa-pers

Ui

1 h-i

1

:i

w

1

I

fmir hie hi

the

fL'ipip'il

flEgiiTty.

we hnd choked

j

r(

unropiei]

« 1

we

rtEihieved:

liail

ihpIlliieus

three tex^ which had fwt been copied { and solved many diflic ill-

violy

nil

each of them

ties in

esamiiiivl

wblrh

p:

w? had photographed,

1.1U31 n ml

Httrl

,

wt had been

1

1

ni ihr relief

h

yjtEi

:

decermfne Hu: nWilhod by l'er-iaas Siarl fetched the height

[hi?

ilrle Lr>

carve their hmniiwuL.

Eu

1

were thus

fiiur tu ah-

1

The Ame r sirin',

Ed

belt,

khvi'h If

liis

wife i

rim

of he

Igptttis

1

Mwltrn Here mu I

was

'

it

ijiild

[mm

i'll

I

rtpcirird,

4 iiii (hr fitul ilnv

tiuidivLi

^enlJi

i

dftvisfacS

onr

\v.v-

ihc


whitj] our

there

r

v-

tht

In

could nee

siiqti&

dnne

relief,, all

nf will-

mod-

in

,

i

caused by the [mdrrsrrointi.1 streams pm VfEit-cf' tbt Iranian (Govern mein bias TmHhnd by which most pnnprrfj sought -• in the life of (hr sculpture und written at Bid* tun mi^ht be preserved. w ien queries in' thi.- suri In fimey pa.it ihir

r

-

1

3

r

|u sc 1 h ilars. the

ilifei ii'ij

rer they knew to give M*rvr them by reuirding them

Ur

'

sft

,*>

only

Jin

must pre

tin-uratdv

a portion uf the Liiil

1

1 1

1

ami

hnnds

inscription

larified.

i

,

.

i

f

!l

1

Ejsnq shuit live Lrmti-

Was

pi n dv’c lisniTTrat

:.i

Anirrlcan mid) Hritisft CHiporalFniis liLid given of their materia b mu! of thrtr lime, the Afuericmn >1: bools mi Qftetul Research and iLie t Edvei>ii> rf Mii hii, :iEi hud granted oii^ she Ojiparturity and l and my family, r

r

>

,

a Li r tie Persian boy had prided mir energv Had sUL U> had ajl been strugvi

ill* rhti

h tip

i'i

f

h

1

3 .

gllna Id achieve

t

King

managed

in pre-

rtjnwly

serve a pr-ttlun if he rrltrl in even bri ler fasliiutL. bi mjakjfsp a mold of the noble figure Tt nf hi-miK. 4 guard, and the linr Gan mala.

patirtv.ty

1

1

1

hv v I'd r

1

«

,

1

\l\m

\

—

;i

For

rwirdJntt "1 the

blessing ntiw svciilehI

i

ilressvd directly id

fTtpof.liriipn.

same

he

mimumdit

Ikrius’s Ur-frLt

iwssiblr/" Jvit

My

lediic

n

fc

1

fur (hr last

fhoti sh:di 'Sgys Darius ihr Id ng tmt Loncral Ehi^ edict, but shall reval it to the penple thc-n sbull Ahuramazda be thy friend, there -la he tu tiler a Ltr^e family

*

te.T’tt

Ijtir

linr.

-i

ern time? by the bitlVls if pttstipg ritlemeiK Becnaise of lhis snd bi. un^r nf rUcnagr ti>

hiive

upon the

stood

'•

.

l

Killinicn Duitld^ril Fij^ifre*

muhlatiun

ful

Then lime we

.1

1

Ei>

be

arl-

\i$l

Huspiii

Frim,

and

t

descended

c

lie

V the Sadder. ground, uiir Il.luiJs arivt- a gentle

luu!

cliiribt'd

'Amu

hr ni&tlt and 50 tiie Great King nuv s \u in lM:hirc pco* [I Lr $ in \rnenr:i cir elsewhere juhi is hr str'HKi fur Jill 14 is 2^00 \u'iLr> on he ftuHik of

reached h(r pat to a low tiuili beside the hirMer, 4 bu'rLi nVitoI whli hiiniil pifc-ii--. of il'ilh lii'il ilicrrc by counflc-s prayerful sen lb beseech inj; Allah for 4 ssafi. We vqq uuered .1 ^ileni prayer* tiurt one inf ihanLfulne^i that otif labor, now vr^liiL,

Hisilliti.

hml

‘

From

that Minld,

in

tinse,

fc

vbha

.1

is

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