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Selecting a context-appropriate combination of faecal sludge treatment technologies Government support 12 Socio-cultura...

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Selecting a context-appropriate combination of faecal sludge treatment technologies Government support 12

Socio-cultural acceptance 16

12

Chapters

To next step

Treatment option

Future treatment perspective

Sludge transfer

Potential enduse

Future enduse perspective

Transfer to enduse

Decision factor

4

Assessment of the initial situation

13

Legal and regulatory framework

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

Financial 13 arrangements

12 Institutional arrangements

11 16.5

14

Skills and capacities Enabling environment

17.2.1

Collection & Transport practice 4 Interest for enduse/resource recovery 10 Biogas demand

Fertiliser/Soil amendment demand

Selection of the treatment options

Energy/Building material demand

5 16.5 Characterisation and quantification of sludge

Dewaterability of sludge: degree of stabilisation/digestion

3 5

6

Need for further digestion/stabilisation

Iterative process until optimal solution is obtained

Stabilised sludge

Solid-liquid separation

Dewaterability of sludge: sludge concentration

Stabilisation

2

6

High dilution, space limited, operator capacity available

Sludge concentrated or availability of space

Unplanted drying beds

5

5 Imhoff tank

Conditions for drying available

Dewatering/drying

6

Settling/ thickening tank

Digester

Sludge spreadable

7

Mechanical dewatering (e.g. filter press, centrifuge)

Availability of organic waste

Planted drying beds

Pathogen reduction

8

Mechanical/heat drying (e.g. pelletiser)

Potential endproducts Dry sludge

10

Vermicomposting/ Black Soldier flies Co-combustion

Humified sludge

10

Biomass

10

Biogas

10

Matching with financial, organisational and O&M realities O&M Requirements (e.g. available skills and operator capacity)

11

Market studies of endproducts

Compost

10

Energy

10

13 Financial comparison of options

Trade-off

Final choice of combination of technologies

Land availability, cost and characteristics

5

Building 10 material

Selection of treatment sites 14

11 Possible management schemes

5

5

Co-composting

5

Storage and 10 further drying

10

Onsite ABR (e.g.public latrines)

14.4