PNS and ANS Flashcards
1. Name several SOMATIC SENSES
2. What are proprioceptors; and how is proprioception tested?
3. Are somatic senses (including pain) and proprioception considered special senses?
Light touch (being touched by a feather), heat, cold, vibration, pressure, pain are SOMATIC SENSES. PROPRIOCEPTORS are found in the muscles, joints, and tendons. They measure the amount of movement, force, and position of the body. Proprioception is often tested by having the patient close their eyes and saying if their fingers are up or down. No. Somatic senses (including pain) and proprioception are NOT considered special senses.
4. What layer covers a neuron (not referring to myelin)? 5. What layer covers a fascicle (bundle of neurons)? 6. What layer covers a bundle of fascicles?
1. Endoneurium 2. Perineurium 3. Epineurium
7. What can a spinal cord injury in the cervical region mean?
They could have quadriplegia (arms and legs paralyzed).
8. If a person has a spinal cord injury in their thoracic region, what could they have? 9. What is the nerve that can be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural?
Paraplegia (just legs are paralyzed). PUDENDAL NERVE
saddle block 10. What type of nerve block is this called? 11. WPHRENIC NERVE hat nerve allows the diaphragm to contract? If it gets severed, the person can no longer
PNS and ANS Flashcards
breathe without assistance. 12. What is the major group of nerves that supply The BRACHIAL PLEXUS the upper limbs? 13. How can someone cause damage to this major If a person leans their armpits on their crutches, they can group of nerves? damage this plexus and lose the use of their arms. The nerves in the brachial plexus change names as they go to different regions in the arm. 14. What is the main nerve to the muscles of the The median nerve. anterior forearm and palm? Damage is called carpal tunnel syndrome, “ape hand” or 15. What does damage to this nerve result in? “hand of benediction”
16. What is the main nerve to the anterior thigh? The Femoral nerve. 17. Where does the SACRAL PLEXUS exit the spinal cord? 18. What is Sciatica?
L4-S5
19. What muscle can cause Sciatica and how does it cause it?
A short, thick muscle covering the sciatic notch (piriformis), and when it contracts, it pinches on the sciatic nerve, causing irritation known as sciatica. Can be alleviated by stretching exercises.
20. What is the other cause for Sciatica?
Irritated sciatic nerve – irritation by muscle pinch (piriformis syndrome) or a ruptured disc
A herniated lumbar disc, in which case stretching exercises make it worse.
21. The tibial and fibular nerves branch from the ________ nerve 22. What area is supplied by the tibial and fibular nerves?
sciatic nerve
23. What nerve is damaged that produces foot drop?
An injury to the deep branch of the fibular nerve.
They supply the leg and foot.
Foot slap: The foot cannot be dorsi-flexed. 24. What is the symptom of this injury?
PNS and ANS Flashcards
25. Median nerve injury is called what? 26. Ulnar nerve injury is called what? 27. Radial nerve injury is called what?
Median nerve injury is called what? Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Hand of Benediction or Ape hand Ulnar nerve injury: Claw hand (cannot adduct or abduct fingers). Radial nerve injury: Wrist drop
Or ape hand
28. What three types of nerves are in the somatic nervous system? 29. What are the two types of somatic motor neurons? 30. What are the neurons in the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? 31. What tissues are innervated by the visceral motor neurons of the ANS? 32. What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
33. Do we have voluntary control over autonomic nerves? 34. What is the ANS also called and why?
35. Does the ANS have sensory neurons, interneurons, or motor neurons? 36. How do the ANS motor neurons differ from the somatic nervous system motor neurons?
Sensory nerves (somatosensory neurons) Reflexes (sensory, interneuron, lower motor neuron) Motor nerves to skeletal muscle (somatic motor neurons) Upper and lower motor neurons Visceral motor neurons Motor neurons to smooth and cardiac muscles (the organs and blood vessels) They are involved in digestion, blood flow, urination, defecation, glandular secretion. Therefore, the ANS supplies the glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle, but NOT the skeletal muscle. No the general visceral motor system (be/c it supplies the glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle, but NOT the skeletal muscle). The ANS has motor neurons only (there are no sensory neurons in the ANS). there are two lower motor neurons in the periphery of the ANS and one lower motor neuron in the SNS.
PNS and ANS Flashcards
37. What is the structure where the two ANS nerves come together? 38. What is the proximal ANS neuron called? 39. What is the distal ANS neuron called? 40. Where are the cell bodies of the proximal neuron located? 41. Characteristics of the ANS motor unit: a. How many motor neurons? b. Are the axons myelinated or not? c. Is conduction slow or fast? d. Are the axons thick or thin? 42. SYMPATHETIC DIVISION does what to the following? e. Heart rate f. Metabolic activity, blood glucose levels g. Peristalsis h. Bronchioles i. Blood flow to the skin j. Sweat
the AUTONOMIC GANGLIA The first nerve is the PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURON. The second nerve is the POST-GANGLIONIC NEURON. **remember these are motor nerves, so the cell bodies of the pre-ganglionic neurons are located in the anterior horn of the grey matter in the spinal cord Has more than one lower motor neuron, the axons may be myelinated or unmyelinated, conduction is slow, the axons are thin. Sympathetic Division: ↑ heart rate and blood pressure, ↑ metabolic activity (increased blood glucose), decreased peristalsis (decreased food digestion) dilation of bronchioles in lungs (open up) decreases blood flow to the skin, innervates sweat glands in the skin to increase sweating. *Parasympathetic is opposite of this list: decreases heart
43. Are the axons of the pre-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division short or long?
Sympathetic Division:
44. Are the axons of the post-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division short or long? 45. Are the ganglia of the sympathetic division closer to the organs or closer to the vertebral column? 46. Are the postganglionic fibers therefore short or long? 47. Are the axons of the pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division short or long? Are the axons of the post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division short or long? 48. Are the ganglia of the parasympathetic division closer to the organs or closer to the vertebral column? Are the postganglionic fibers therefore short or long? 49. PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION does what to the following? k. Heart rate
Most pre-ganglionic neurons are short. Most post-ganglionic neurons are long. The sympathetic peripheral ganglia are further from the organs and have long postganglionic fibers
Parasympathetic Division: Most pre-ganglionic neurons are long. Most post-ganglionic neurons are short.
The parasympathetic peripheral ganglia are near the organs and have short postganglionic fibers Parasympathetic Division: decreased heart rate and blood pressure, decreased metabolic activity (decreased blood
PNS and ANS Flashcards
l. Metabolic activity, blood glucose levels m. Peristalsis n. Bronchioles o. Blood flow to the skin p. Sweat 50. The majority (90%) of the parasympathetic outflow from the head is by which nerve?
glucose), increased peristalsis (increased food digestion) constriction of bronchioles in lungs increases blood flow to the skin, does not influence sweating.
CN X (vagus)
